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Varietal Seed Production of Sorghum

This document provides information on varietal seed production of sorghum. It discusses land requirements including isolation distances, land preparation through plowing and harrowing, seed sowing through line sowing at depths of 3-4 cm, nutrient and irrigation management, weed control through interculture and herbicides, pest and disease control through various pesticides and fungicides, roguing of undesirable plants, harvesting when fully ripe, and expected seed yields of 35-40 quintals per hectare.

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280 views6 pages

Varietal Seed Production of Sorghum

This document provides information on varietal seed production of sorghum. It discusses land requirements including isolation distances, land preparation through plowing and harrowing, seed sowing through line sowing at depths of 3-4 cm, nutrient and irrigation management, weed control through interculture and herbicides, pest and disease control through various pesticides and fungicides, roguing of undesirable plants, harvesting when fully ripe, and expected seed yields of 35-40 quintals per hectare.

Uploaded by

Omkar samant
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION OF SORGHUM

By ROLL.NO.- 235

Sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), also called great


millet, Indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal
grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its
edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in
Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has
numerous varieties, including grain sorghums,
used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and
fodder; and broomcorn, used in making brooms
and brushes. In India sorghum is known as jowar,
cholam, or jonna, in West Africa as Guinea corn,
and in China as kaoliang. Sorghum is especially valued in hot and arid regions for its resistance to
drought and heat.

LAND REQUIREMENTS
Land to be used should be free of volunteer plants and Johnson grass in near promity.It should have
Well drained and fertile soil.Isolation of the field is required in order obtain pure and non adulterated
seeds for propogation.

Fields of other varieties of grain, dual purpose sorghum and the same variety not confirming to varietal
purity requirements for certification should be away from the plot used for seed production is 200
metres and 100 metres in Foundation and certified seed production respectively.

Johnson grass should not be present in proximity of 400 metres of Foundation as well as Certified seed
production plot.

Forage sorghum with high tillering and grassy panicle should not be present in proximity of 400 metres
of Foundation as well as Certified seed production plot.

LAND PREPARATION
Prepare the land to a fine tilth by deep ploughing and 3-4 Harrowing followed by levelling.

The field should be free of weeds at the time of sowing.


SEED AND SOWING
Time of sowing seeds is 4th week of June to 1st week of July in Kharif season and Mid September in Rabi
season.

Method used for Sowing of seeds is line sowing and care is taken that it is sown at the depth of 3-4 cm
and not more than that as it may hinder the germination. Seeds are sown in such a way that Spacing
maintained between row to row is 45 cm and plant to plant is 15 cm. Seed rate of sorghum is 12- 15
Kg/hectare.

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
In Rainfed condition,1st dose is given at Sowing of 40: 40: 35 (NPK Kg/ha) and 2nd dose is given at 30
DAS 40- 60: 0 : 0 (NPK Kg/ha).

In Irrigated condition,1st dose is given at Sowing 60: 50: 40 (NPK Kg/ha) and 2nd dose is given at 30 DAS
60 - 70: 0: 0 (NPK Kg/ha).

IRRIGATION
Sorghum crop can thrive well in area or region with Average rainfall of 450 - 650 mm. It's also called as
camel of the desert due to it's low water requirement.

Irrigate the crop when needed, donot allow the leaves to wilt at any stage by ensuring that enough
moisture is there in the soil at every critical growth stage of crop growth.Avoid water logged condition
to avoid the crop loss.

In Kharif season, one presowing irrigation and 1-2 irrigation if rain is not there for 20 days after sowing.

In Rabi season, more irrigation may be required but if u don't have water shortage in your region it is
best to give irrigation at the critical growth stages of crop i.e.
INTERCULTURE
Keep check on the weeds.Donot Intercultivate too near the plant and Restrict to shallow Intercultivation
(4-5 cm depth) in order to avoid damage to the plant root system.

spray of attrazine @ 0.5 kg air per hectare or propazine 50 wp @ 1 kg in 1000 lt of water to control
weeds population in the plot of standing crops.

PLANT PROTECTION
A. DISEASE CONTROL

1) Sugary Disease:

ziram 0.2 % repeat twice at 5 days interval. Mix sevin wettable sulphur powder
during 2nd and 3rd spray at 0.1%

Roguing of ears showing honey-dew

2)Grain Mould:

Spray aureofungin 200 ppm or 0.02%,or captan 0.2% at the grain-


setting stage.

3)Leaf spot:

Spray dithane Z-78 @ 0.2% twice at fortnightly, starting from 45 days after
sowing.
B. PEST CONTROL
a. Insect Pest
1) Shoot Fly:

Spray Monocrotophos @ 36EC at Lt/ha

Apply 3% of carbofuran granules @3g/mt of row

Seed treatment with 5 parts so if carbofuron per 100 part of


seed.

2)Stem Borer:

Roguing of infested plant.

Spray of Carbaryl 4% or Malathion 10% ai in 500- 600 Lt


water /ha respectively.

3) Midge Fly:

Roguing of infested plants and burning of panicle residue and


threshing chaff to destroy diapausing larvae.

Spray ear head before flowering with Carbaryl 50 WP @ 3 Kgin


500- 600 Lt water / ha. Repeat spray after 4- 6 days.

4) Earhead bug:

10% Carbaryl dust with sulphur (18:2) @ 20 Kg/ ha.


b. Non-insect pest

1)Mites:

Dust the crop with 25 kg of Sulphur/ ha.

Spray of wettable sulphur@ 5 g/Lt (290lt mixture per


ha).

2) Rodents:

Poison baiting with Zinc phosphide. Mix 25 gm of Zinc phosphide and


25 gm of an edible oil or molasses with 750 gm of cereal grain per ha.

ROGUING
Rouge out off-type plants such as Sudan grass,Johnson grass , forage plants and diseased plants affected
by kernel smut or grain smut or head smut, from time to time .Roguing should be done by pulling the
plant out or cutting near to the ground to avoid it's regrowth .

HARVESTING AND THRESHING


The seeds of crop should be fully ripe before harvesting to ensure seed vigour and viability.The diseased
or undesirable earheadss should be removed from the harvested pile in order to keep check on purity of
seeds obtained after threshing.
Harvested crop should be dried before threshing to facilitate easy threshing of grains.Seeds should be
stored at 10% moisture content before storage to avoid post harvest losses.

SEED YIELD
35 - 40 quintal per hectare.

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