Class 7 NCERT Geography Chapter 6
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Natural Vegetation and Wild Life @tireless.study
Natural Vegetation
• Natural Vegetation refers to the plant life of a region which grown
naturally.
• The type and thickness of natural vegetation varies from place to place
because of the variation in these factors.
• Natural Vegetation is classified into three broad categories:
→ Forests: Which grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to
support a tree cover.
→ Grasslands: Which grow in the region of moderate rain.
→ Shrubs: Thorny shrurbs and scrubs grow in the dry region.
• The changes in the type of natural vegetation
occur mainly because of the changes of climatic
condition.
Forests Instagram
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Tropical Evergreen Forests
• Also called tropical rainforests.
• These thick forests occur in the regions near the equator and
close to the tropics.
• These regions are hot and receive heavy rainfall throughout the
year.
• As there is no particular dry season, the trees do not shed their
leaves altogether. Thus, they are called evergreen.
• Common trees: Hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony,
mahogany.
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Tropical Deciduous Forests @tireless.study
• These are monsoon forests found in the large part of India,
northern Australia and in central
America.
• Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.
• Common trees: Hardwood trees like sal, teak, neem and
shisham.
• Common Animals: Tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and
monkeys.
• Importance of Hardwood trees:
→ useful for making furniture, transport and constructional
materials.
Temperate Evergreen Forests Instagram
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• These forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region.
• Commonly found along the eastern margin of the continents, e.g., In south
east, USA, South China and in South East Brazil.
• Common trees: both hard and soft wood trees like oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc.
Temperate Deciduous Forests
• These are present at higher latitudes.
• These are found in the north eastern part of USA, China, New Zealand, Chile
and also found in the coastal regions of Western Europe.
• They shed their leaves in the dry season.
• Common trees: Oak, ash, beech, etc.
• Common animals: Deer, foxes, wolves
• Birds like pheasants, monals are also found here.
Mediterranean Vegetation Instagram
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• These are present at west and south west margins of the continents.
• It is mostly found in the areas around the Mediterranean sea in
Europe, Africa and Asia which given its name.
• It is also found outside the actual Mediterranean region in California
in the USA, south west Africa, south western South America and
South west Australia.
• These are found in the areas of hot dry summers and mild rainy
winters.
• Common vegetation: Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and
grapes.
• There isn’t much wildlife here.
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Coniferous Forests @tireless.study
• These trees are found in higher latitudes (50° – 70°) of Northern
hemisphere.
• These are also called as Taiga.
• These forests are also seen in the higher altitudes.
• Common trees: Chir, pine, cedar
• Common animals: Silver fox, mink, polar bear.
• Trees are tall, softwood evergreen trees.
→ The woods of these trees are very useful for making pulp,
which is used for manufacturing paper and newsprint.
→ Match boxes and packing boxes are also made from softwood.
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Grasslands
Tropical grasslands
• These occur on either side of the equator and extend till the
tropics.
• This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low
amount of rainfall.
• The grass can grow very tall, about 3 to 4 metres in height.
• Example: Savannah grasslands of Africa.
• Common animals: Elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer,
leopards.
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Temperate grasslands
• These are found in the mid- latitudinal zones and in the
interior part of the continents.
• Grass here is short and nutritious.
• Common animals:Wild buffaloes, bisons, antilopes.
Thorny bushes
• These are found in the dry desert like regions which are
located on the western margins of the continents.
• The vegetation cover is scarce because of scanty rain and
scorching heat.
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Polar region @tireless.study
• This place is extremely cold.
• The growth of natural vegetation is very limited here.
• Only mosses, lichens and very small shrubs are found here which
grows during the very short summer.
→ This is called Tundra type of vegetation.
• This vegetation is found in the polar areas of Europe, Asia and North
America.
• The animals have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from
the cold climatic conditions.
• Common animals: Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl, Polar bear
and snow foxes.
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Exercises @tireless.study
1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
Answer
Temperature and moisture are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation
mostly depends.
(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
Answer
Three broad categories of natural vegetation are:
(i) Forests
(ii) Grasslands
(iii) Shrubs
(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.
Answer
Two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest are:
(i) Rosewood
(ii) Ebony
(iv) In which part of the world are tropical deciduous forest found? Instagram
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Answer
Tropical deciduous forest are found in the large part of India,northern Australia and in central
America.
(v) In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated?
Answer
Citrus fruits cultivated in the regions where climatic conditions is hot dry summers and mild rainy
winters.
(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous forest.
Answer
Uses of coniferous forest:
(i) Making pulp for manufacturing of paper and newsprint.
(ii) Match boxes and packing boxes are also made from softwood trees.
(iii) Chir, pine, cedar are economically important variety of trees.
(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found?
Answer
Seasonal grassland found is found in the mid latitudinal zones and in the interior part of the
continents.
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