Class X-SOCIAL SCIENCE

(CBSE 2019)

Time: 3 Hrs
Max. Marks: 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
I. The question paper is divided into four section; Section A, Section B, Section C and
Section D.
II. The question paper has 26 question in all.
III. All questions are compulsory.
IV. Marks are indicated against each question.
V. Question from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer type question . Each
question carries 1 mark. Answers to these should not exceed 30 words.
VI. Question from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks question. Answers of these
questions should not excess 80 words each.
VII. Question from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks question. Answers of these
questions should not exceed 100 words each.
VIII. Question number 26 is a map question of 5 marks with two parts- 26 A from History
(2 marks) and 26 B from Geography (3 marks). After completion. Attach the maps
inside your answer-book.

QUESTION 1

Interpret the concept of Liberalisation in the field of economic sphere during the
nineteenth century in Europe

OR

Interpret the contribution of French in the economic development of Mekong delta

region.

ANSWER:- The ideology of liberalism is very broad and comprehensive and it became
popular in the early 19th century. The term 'liberalism' is derived from
the Latin word liber, meaning free. Economically, The ideology propagated natural right to
Property and stood for the freedom of markets and the
abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

Or

The French built canals and drained lands in the Mekong delta to increase rice cultivation.
Used forced labour for construction of irrigation
facilities to improve rice cultivation, built infrastructure and transportation facilities for the
export of agricultural produce.
Infrastructure projects were undertaken for the transportation of goods for trade,

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movement of military garrison and to establish control over the
entire region.

QUESTION 2

How had hand printing technology introduced in Japan?

OR

How had translation process of novels into regional languages helped to spread their
popularity?

ANSWER:- The Chinese Buddhist missionariesin around 768-770AD are known to have
started the print technology. The oldest Japanese book printed was the Buddhist diamond
sutra in the year 868AD that contained six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations.
Playing cards, textiles and paper money had pictures printed on them which popularised
printing and that lead to more and more publishing of books. Libraries were flooded by
books which were handprinted on cooking, women, musical instruments, flower
arrangements, daily habits etc.

Or

English novels could not popularise in India when translated to regional Indian language as
Indian people could not relate to stories or the characters.
People demanded novels that narrated stories which were either close to their own lifestyle
or were set in their own geographical location.
When a lot of novels started publishing, a new readership community developed. This made
novels an important piece of literary art work that helped connecting cultures and people.
With increased literacy rate, more and more people got interested in reading and buying
books which created a sense of shared community that brought together people of different
values and communities helping in the widespread and popularity of novels.

QUESTION 3

How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in Punjab?

OR

How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?

ANSWER:- Excessive irrigation of soil in the fields and farms gets the water logged which
becomes very harmful for crop production. Water more than needed inhibits germination of
sown seeds. The reason behind that is seeds do not get enough air to respire as excess
water affects soil aeration and hence the plant roots cannot develop properly. This can be
observed when potted plants are over watered.

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 Or

Grinding of limestone for cement, calcite for ceramics and other mineral processing
activities generates huge amount of dust which is released in the atmosphere. This dust
when settles in the surrounding areas does not let water to infilterate in the ground
affecting crop cultivation to a very large extent. Besides also affects many insects and
microorganisms living in the soil.

Question 4

How can democratic reforms be carried out by political conscious citizens?

ANSWER:- The best laws are those which make people to carry out democratic reforms. The
Right to Information Act is a good example of a law that gives the
powers to the people to find out what is happening in government and act as watchdogs of
democracy

Question 5

What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding their income?

OR

What may be a goal of prosperous farmer of Punjab?

ANSWER:- Development goal for a landless rural labourer would be:

a. To be able to manage his basic necessities of life.
b. To get more days of work, better wages
c. To be able to live a life with dignity.
d. To aspire to own a small piece of land.

Or

Development goals of the prosperous farmers from Punjab are

Low price food grains
Hardworking and Cheap Labour
High prices for their produce
Cheap inputs used in agriculture

Question 6

Distinguish between 'primary and 'secondary' sectors.

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ANSWER:- The primary sector or the agricultural sector constitutes the backbone of our
economy, and the major sources of employment. Primary activity
which is involved with the production or extraction of natural resources. It involves
cultivation of crops, fruits, vegetables, raring of livestock all
which are required for a living
Secondary sector involves use of natural goods and transform them into something more
valuable by the process of manufacturing

Question 7

Why do banks or lenders demand collateral against loans?

ANSWER:-
Bank ask for collateral while giving loan because of following reasons:
If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset or collateral
to obtain payment. Reduction of exposure in order to do
more business with each other when credit limits are under pressure.
The loan is secured against the collateral. In the event that the borrower defaults, the
creditor takes possession of the asset used as collateral and
may sell it to regain some or the entire amount originally loaned to the borrower.

Question 8

How had Napoleonic code exported to the regions under French control? Explain with
examples.

OR

Explain with examples the three barriers that are responsible to economic growth in
Vietnam.

ANSWER:- The Civil Code of 1804 known as the Napoleonic Code were the revolutionary
principles of administration.
It did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and
secured the right to property
This Code was exported to the regions under French control
In the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified
administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed
peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed.
Transport and communication systems were improved
Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new-found freedom.
Businessmen and small-scale producers of goods, in particular,
began to realise that uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common
national currency would facilitate the movement and
exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

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 Or

There were several barriers to economic growth in Vietnam which are given hereunder
1. High population level in Vietnam
2. Low agricultural productivity
3. Extensive indebtedness among the peasants
4. To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural productivity it was necessary to carry
out land reforms as the Japanese had done in 1890s.
But this could not ensure sufficient employment

Question 9
How had the Imperial State in China been the major producer of printed material for a
long time? Explain with examples.

OR

How had novels been easily available to the masses in Europe during nineteenth century?
Explain with examples.

ANSWER:-
The following can be the cause why China is still regarded to be the pioneer in printing
materials:
The earliest print technique developed in China
n this technology, books were printed by rubbing paper against inked wooden blocks
It was in vogue for a long time till print technology improved with the use of printed
material
The imperial state in China was a large bureaucratic system, that sponsored the printing
technique by way of conducting examination for
recruitment of its personnel
This print volume increased every year which made the Imperial state in China a major
producer of printed material for a long time

Or

Novels created a sense of belonging on the basis of ones language. They dealt with the life
of common people and they were cheap. Various ideas
became widespread. Novel was such a medium which began to link the whole nation.
Publishing markets helped in more sell and produce of
novels which was available to the masses.

Question 10

Describe any three main features of 'Rabi crop season.

OR

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Describe any three main features of 'Kharif crop season.

ANSWER:-
Rabi crops are sown in October to December, and harvested in April to June. Some Rabi
crops cultivated are wheat in Punjab, barley in Uttar
Pradesh, etc.

Or

Karif crops are sown in June to August, and harvested in September to October. Some Kharif
crops cultivated are paddy in Assam, Maize in
Andhra Pradesh, etc.

Question 11

Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population in India." Analyse the
statement.

ANSWER:-
Water scarcity is indeed the outcome of large and growing population. Increase in
population puts strain on resources including water. People
living in an area require water for their various activities, and more the number of people
more the consumption.Furthermore, wastage and
indiscriminate use of water has worsened the condition
There is no substitute of potable water. Increasing population depletes ground water and
other water sources. Increase in population also
augments speedier economic development, straining the water resources further. Areas
with high density of population therefore witnesses
intense waters scarcity. At time, such scarcity drives people to marginal areas, in turn
draining water resources in such areas as well

Question 12

The assertion of social diversities in a democratic country is very normal and can be
healthy." Justify the statement with arguments.

OR

Social divisions affect politics." Examine the statement

ANSWER:-
The assertion of social diversities in a democratic country is very normal and can be healthy.
This statement can be justified with the following observations:

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1. The African-Americans, Carlos and Smith were racially very different from Norman, who
was a White Australian but shared a similarity, they all were athletes who stood against
discrimination. They overlooked the boundaries of their ethnicity.

2. It happens that two people may belong to different religions but may have the same
caste, and that can make them feel they are in close proximity.

All social differences and diversities do not lead to social divisions.

Social diversities may divide akin people from one another, but they also unite very diverse
people belonging to different social groups.
This allows the less privileged and minority groups to express their grievances and concerns
with the government. This leads to the strengthening of democracy

Or

A combination of politics and social differences can be really toxic for a country’s
democracy. A democracy allows competition between various political parties. If they start
competing with some existing social differences, this can lead to political divisions and
ultimately conflicts and violence. This can lead to even disintegration of the country. An
example of such a disintegration of Yugoslavia , where a single nation was divided into six
independent countries.
However, this combination of politics and social differences is not always negative. This also
helps the minoritie to group together and share their concerns with the government.

Question 13

Women still lag much behind men in India despite some improvements since
independence." Analyse the statement.
ANSWER:-
Women are still lagging behind men under certains scenarios in India
In political aspects, role of women is still the lowest in Houses of Parliament and in State
legislatures. While in America, England etc, women are
given seats in Parliament even though there are male members
In India, though there are many organisations fighting for equal participation of women in
politics, it has been fulfilled to some extent
Only in local governing bodies are women given priority as ward members, councillors, etc.
In rural areas, female foeticide and female infanticide persists as girl child are considered as
burden to family here.
Child marriage and dowry system is prevalent in some parts of Rajasthan where people are
illiterate and marry girls at a young age

Question 14

How are political parties recognized as regional and national parties in India? Explain with
examples.

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ANSWER:-
Conditions for Recognition as a National Party
secures at least 6% of the valid vote in an Assembly or a Lok Sabha General Election in any
four or more states
Has won at least 4 seats in a Lok Sabha general election from any state or states.
Win at least 2% of the total Lok Sabha seats in a Lok Sabha General Election and these seats
have to be won from at least 3 states
The party is recognized as a State Party in at least four states
Conditions for Recognition as a Regional Party
Secure at least 6% of the valid vote & win at least 2 seats in an Assembly General Election
secure at least 6% of the valid vote & win at least 1 seats in a Lok Sabha General Election
Win at least 3% of the seats or at least 3 seats , whichever is more, in an Assembly General
Election
Win at least 1 out of every 25 seats from a state in a Lok Sabha General Election
secure at least 8% of the total valid vote in an Assembly or a Lok Sabha General Election

Question 15

Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries."

Justify the statement.
ANSWER:-
It is true that environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.In
other words, we can say that environmental degradation is
not confined within a state or a nation. It has international and global affects.lts
consequences are felt globally and internationally
For example, If India is creating air pollution by massive thermal power plant or other
sources, the neighbouring countries like Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Srilanka are affected. It is so because acid rain, climate change do occur due to
air pollution which becomes a transcontinental issue.
Similarly, deforestation in Brazil has caused disturbance in rainfall pattern throughout South
America. Land degradation and dam burst in India
affects Bangladesh a lot as flood increases and there is more siltation
Environmental degradation is not a nationwide or state-wide issue. It is continental and
global which needs precaution and protection of the natural
environment.

Question 16

Why is the 'tertiary sector becoming important in India ? Explain any three reasons.

OR

How do we count various goods and services for calculating Gross Domestic Product
(G.D.P) of a country ? Explain with example.

ANSWER:-
Importance of tertiary sector.

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i. the tertiary sector provides the basic services like public transportation, medical car,
electricity,banking, post office etc under the control of the
i. the tertiary sector creates an huge area for employment even for uneducated and
unskilled workers.
lii. the tertiary sector distributes the consumer goods to different suppliers
iv. the tertiary sector accounts for most of the national income and per capita income

OR

The various goods and services are counted on the basis of the value of each good or
services not on the basis of actual numbers.
The value here is referred to the value of final goods and services not the value of
intermediate goods.
It is understood that the value of final goods already includes the value of all intermediate
goods that are used in making the final goods.
The total production of each sector is calculated by adding the value of all final goods and
services of the sector in a year.
The total production of all the three sectors with in a country is known as Gross domestic
product of the country.

Question 17

Describe the importance of formal sources of credit in the economic development

OR

Describe the bad effects of informal sources of credit on borrowers.

ANSWER:-
Formal sources of credit are beneficial in the sense that they provide credit at reasonable
rates without any undue exploitative practices as faced
under informal sources of credit. For instance, taking credit from informal sources can have
serious repercussions in the form of exorbitant rate of
interest, high mortgage obligations, etc. Formal sources of credit are organised and from
such exploitative practices.

Or

The informal sources of credit are the moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and
friends. No external organisations control the credit
activities of lenders. The rate of interest can be really high as it depends on the wishes of
the lender. They can also use unfair means to get their
money back

Question 18

How can consumers use their 'Right to Seek Redressal? Explain with example

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ANSWER:- It is defined a the right to seek compensation due to damage caused by unfair
trade practices and exploitation. The compensation awarded
depends on the degree of damage. Consumers have the right to get their claims settled in
their favour in case of being cheated and exploited by
the producers. Under the Consumer Protection Act 1986, a three tier judicial system has
been formed This act provides establishment of consumer
disputes redressal agencies at district, state and national level. Consumers can invoke their
right to redressal and right to represent. We may give
the example of a person who is dissatisfied with services provided by say MTNL, BSNL, or
Airtel and thereafter files a case at the consumer court

Question 19

Who had organized the dalits into the 'Depressed Classes Association' in 1930? Describe
his achievements

OR

Define the term 'Civil Disobedience Movement. Describe the participation of rich and poor
peasant communities in the 'Civil Disobedience
Movement

ANSWER:- B.R Ambedkar sought reservation for Dalits in educational institutions. For him,
political empowerment was the only way of
achieving upliftment for dalits B.R. Ambedkar and other dalit leaders demanded separate
electorates for the depressed classes in order to protect
their interest and extending political power to them. B.R. Ambedkar formed the Depressed
Classes Association in 1930 and demanded
the following:
i. To bring about political empowerment of the depressed classes.
ii. To have reserved seats in the educational institutions.
ii Demanded separate electorates and bring about social justice.
iv. He also mooted the idea of reservation for Dalits which brought him in clash with Gandhi.
V. It was with Ambedkar's constant persuasion which was eventually resolved with the
Poona Pact of 1932, which provided for
reserved seats in Provincial and
Central Legislatures for them.
vi. Ambedkar also launched protest and movement against untouchability
vii. He also launched Kalaram temple movement that sought entry of dalit in the Brahmin
dominated temple.
vii. He also sought the support of Constituent assembly members for providing reservation
to SC's and ST's

Or

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The Civil Disobedience Movement led by M K Gandhi, in the year 1930 was an important
milestone in the history of Indian Nationalism. it began with gandhiji 's famous
salt march of about 240 miles from sabarmati ashram in ahmedabad to the coastal town of
dandi in gujarat
Rich peasants the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh - were active in the
movement. These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil
Disobedience Movement, organizing their communities, and at times forcing reluctant
members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them the fight for swaraj
was a struggle against high revenues.
Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the
Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled, the small tenants found it
difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. They
joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists.
The rich peasants were greatly affected by the economic depression and fall in prices of
goods.he wanted reduction in land revenue. Swaraj for them meant reduction of
taxes. So they participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
The poor peasants, on the other hand, wanted reduction in rent or revenue. For them
Swaraj meant reduction of taxes. This was their aim in participation of the
movement.

Question 20

"Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late nineteenth century world economy."
Analyze the statement.

OR

"Series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India by the early twentieth
century." Analyze the statement.

OR

"Industrialization had changed the form of urbanization in the modern period." Analyze
the statement with special reference of London

ANSWER:-
Indian trade had played a crucial role in the nineteenth century world economy. Being a
major exporter of raw materials to the Britain, India had a major share in the world
economy. Indian markets were also flooded with British manufactured goods. Also India
traded with China, mainly in opium and other parts of the world too with spices and other
things. So while trading with India, there was a trade surplus for other countries too.

Or

The pattern of industrialization changed in the 20th century due to various reasons. They
are:
1. Indians shifted to Swadeshi goods and boycotted foreign goods, mainly cloth. This was

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done with the growth of nationalism. Industrialists as an outcome of this resorted to
government to provide them concessions and tariff protection to safeguard their interests.

2. With a decreased yarn export to China from India, the Chinese shifted to Japanese and
Chinese yarn. This made Indian industries shift from yarn production to piece-cloth
production
3. The World Wars amplified the number of Indian industries. During the wars, the mills and
factories in Britain were busy producing supplies for the war and imports from
India decreased. So, Indian industries were now left to cater to the Indian markets.
4. Industrial production in India ,for instance uniforms, bags and leather goods , boomed in
India during the wars. During the second world war and beyond that, Indian industries also
started supplying for the war
5. Post the World Wars, Britain could not stand against competing with the emerging
economies like the USA and Japan. As the British economy collapsed, Indian exports to
Britain also decreased drastically. The newly established Indian industries had now to seek
newer domestic and international markets and reconsolidate their position in the markets.

Or

Industrialisation in Britain has widely changed the form of urbanisation in the modern
period. Rural migrants were attracted to the cities of Leeds and Manchester as these were
Industrial cities and had many mills and factories. As a result, these industrial cities had
increased population which were mostly rural migrants. Thus, urbanisation lead to
migration of citizens, overpopulation of industrial cities and varied the atmosphere of the
newly developed industrialised cities.

Question 21

How are industries responsible for invironmental degradation in India ? Explain with
examples.

ANSWER:-
Industrialisation has led to environment degradation in the following ways-
1. It led to clearing of huge patches of land for establishing factories.
2. Industries release many poisonous gases like carbon-di-oxide which cause air pollution
3. Industrial waste is released in the rivers and made unfit for any purpose
4. Lands are cleared out for residential as well as commercial purposes

Question 22

Roadways still have an edge over railways in India." Support the statement with examples

ANSWER:-
Roadways have an edge over the railways in view of the ease with which they can be built
and maintained. The growing importance of road
transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons

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Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines
Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as
the Himalayas.
Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount
of goods over short distances.
It also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a
link between railway stations, air and sea ports.

Question 23

Compare the situation of Belgium and Sri Lanka considering their location, size and
cultural aspects.

OR
How is the idea of power sharing emerged? Explain different forms that have common
arrangements of power sharing.

ANSWER:-
In Sri Lanka and Belgium, there were ethnic conflicts for power on basis of the language. The
group being numerically larger were in conflict with the groups lesser in
number. Both Belgium and Sri Lanka were bothered by the issue of power sharing. However,
Belgium worked out an accommodation principle as compared to Sri Lanka which switched
to majoritarianism. Power sharing took place in different ways in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
Belgium opted for a conciliatory mode of power sharing through respect and representation
for different communities and regions. On the other hand, Sri Lanka adopted a
confrontational approach where the

majority community exerted its dominance over others and refused to share power. The
first approach led to stronger unity while the later approach undermined the unity of the
country and brought untold catastrophe

Or

It is true that the idea of power sharing emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided
political power.Traditionall, it was believed that power should be concentrated
in one hands because if power is divided then it would be difficult to take rapid decisions
and apply them.But the development of the concept of democracy has
changed this notion of power concentration in one hands.This is so because democracy
believes in distribution of power among people as people are the source of
authority.Power can be divided among the various organs of the government, two sets of
the government, hat is central and the state, community government etc.
Moreover, concentration of power in one hands leads to revolution and war in the long run
and breaks the unity of the nation

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Horizontal distribution of power allows different organs of government placed at the same
level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can
exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power
among various institutions. For example, ministers and government officials exercise power,
they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, judges can check the
functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a
system of checks and balances Power shared among governments at provincial or regional
level is called as vertical form of power sharing. Such a general government for the entire
country is usuallycalled federal government. In India, we refer to it as the Central or Union
Government. The governments at the provincial or regional level are called by different
names in different countries. In India, we call them State Governments. State Governments
and Central Government have their distinct areas to exercise power

Question 24

Describe the importance of democratic government as an accountable and legitimate

government.

ANSWER:-
It allows for participation of the people in the political process, it is people's own
government thus it is legitimate.
It provides for smooth and legitimate transformation from one government to another by
means of electoral competition.
This way it ensures that no government is elected for life and hence becomes tyrannical.
It allows for peaceful change in the society, by means of elections
Representatives so elected make laws and policies on behalf of the people.
Democracy produces a government that is responsive through the mechanism of elections.
Elections make the representatives accountable to people and ensure that they have to
explain their decisions. This ensures accountability of the law makers towards their
constituencies and they have to take into account the interests of all sections of society.
People have the right to choose their rulers and

people will have control over the rulers. This makes the rulers accountable to the people.

Question 25

Why do multinational corporations (MNc) set up their offices and factories in certain areas
only? Explain any five reasons.

ANSWER:-
MNCs are interested to set up their manufacturing units in different areas because:
1. The labour in developing countries are cheap and easily available
2. There is flexibility in labour laws which made MNC's easier to set up industries here.
3. The markets in developing countries are very good for selling products and making huge
profits.
4. There is available support from the government to make way for Special Economic Zones

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