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Band Pass Filter

A bandpass filter (BPF) allows signals between two precise frequencies to pass, but blocks signals at other frequencies. It can be created by combining a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. BPFs are used in wireless transmitters and receivers to limit bandwidth and optimize signal-to-noise ratio. There are two main types: wide BPFs which pass a wide band of frequencies without distortion, and narrow BPFs which employ feedback for precise filtering.

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1K views3 pages

Band Pass Filter

A bandpass filter (BPF) allows signals between two precise frequencies to pass, but blocks signals at other frequencies. It can be created by combining a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. BPFs are used in wireless transmitters and receivers to limit bandwidth and optimize signal-to-noise ratio. There are two main types: wide BPFs which pass a wide band of frequencies without distortion, and narrow BPFs which employ feedback for precise filtering.

Uploaded by

sherub wangdi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Brief Explanation of Bandpass Filters

Bandpass Filters

A filter is a device in signal processing used to allow wanted frequency components from the
signals and to remove unwanted ones. The background noise of the interfacing signal can be
reduced by eliminating some frequencies, which is known as filtering. Filter circuits can be
designed to combine the properties of the LPF (low pass filter) and HPF (high pass filter)
into a single filter, which is known as a bandpass filter. This filter can be created by
combining a low pass filter and a high pass filter. The different types of filters include active
or passive, time variant or time invariant, linearity-linear or non-linear, analog or digital, and
so on. Here, in this article let us discuss about a bandpass filter, its types and applications.

What is a Bandpass Filter?


A bandpass filter (BPF) is an electronic circuit that allows signals between two precise
frequencies to pass, but separates signals at other frequencies. Some BPFs are involved in
an external power source and utilize active components like transistors and ICs (integrated
circuits); these are known as active bandpass filters. Other types of BPFs don’t use any
power source and use only passive components like inductors and capacitors; these are
known as passive bandpass filters.

Bandpass filters are mainly involve in wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. The main
objective of this filter in a transmitter is to limit the bandwidth of the o/p signal to the
minimum required level and to convey data at the preferred speed and in the preferred
form. In a receiver, a BPF (bandpass filter) allows signals within a preferred range of
frequencies to be decoded, while avoiding signals at redundant frequencies from getting
through. A BPF also optimizes the S/N ratio (signal to noise) of a receiver.

Bandpass Filter Circuit Diagram


Band pass filters pass signals with a certain band of frequencies without deforming the i/p
signal. The band of frequencies can be very wide and it is normally known as the filter’s
bandwidth. The term bandwidth can be defined as the range of frequency that exists
between two particular cutoff frequency points (fc). For widespread frequencies, bandwidth
can be defined as, the difference between the lower cutoff frequency and the higher cutoff
frequency points (BW = fH-fL ).

Bandpass Filter Circuit

The cutoff frequency of the LPF must be higher than the cutoff frequency of the HPF for the
proper working of the pass band filter. An ideal bandpass filter can also be used to filter out
or isolate certain frequencies that recline in a specific band of frequencies. For instance,
BPFs are known as second-order filters because they have two reactive components. The
circuit diagram of the bandpass filter is built with the capacitors by placing one capacitor in
the LPF (low pass filter ) circuit and the other capacitor in the HPF (high pass filter) circuit.

Types of Bandpass Filters

Bandpass filters are categorized into two types: wide bandpass filter and narrow bandpass
filter.

Wide Bandpass Filter

A wide bandpass filter (WBF) formed by cascading lowpass and highpass sections is
generally an alternative circuit for ease of design and performance. It is realized by a number
of feasible circuits. A ± 20 db/ decade bandpass filter formed by a first-order low-pass and
high-pass sections can be cascaded. In the same way, a ± 40 db/decade bandpass filter can
be formed by connecting a second-order low-pass and high- pass filter in series. Which
means, the order of the BPF (bandpass filter) is governed by the order of the low-pass and
high-pass filters it has.
Wide Bandpass Filter Circuit

A ± 20 db/decade wide bandpass filter is composed of a first-order high-pass filter (HPF). A


first-order low-pass filter (LPF) is shown in the below figure with its wide bandpass filter
frequency response.

BPF Frequency Response

Narrow Bandpass Filter

A narrow bandpass filter employs multiple feedback and this filter uses only one operational
amplifier as shown in the figure. Narrow bandpass filter has some unique features compared
to all the other filters discussed below.

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