Yate Me. Pasemase 11040119056 ~~ vamics of Machinery _| pynamics of Machinery (code: 2161901) + genester VI~Mechanial and Atomobile Engineer Squat Tecoloial Universi) atin a Dr. F. B. Sayyad ME (Design Engg.), Ph. D. (Mechanical Vibration) Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D Y Patil School of Engineering, Ds. Y Patil Technical Campus, ‘Charoli Budruk, Lobegaon, Pune - 412105 Mirah, Activation Code : 00GE1430298ZBKX4pynamis a Machines pe f.B-Suyad (sere VI~ Mesa ant anlomobile Eien TU) vis ese No pt of i ae mB ep uo al methods, wit te ion ED ermisson ofthe publisher. ‘us boss sold ett cmon bat it shall not, by thew therwise circulated witout pai’ witen onset any for of binding oF cover er han bse and witout ina condoning om. teing imposed onthe subsequent pu ring te ih cose aad ‘iss Printed in Indi aly 2006 (Pune Univers) First Baitlon + Iaquary 2016 Second Revs aon ¢ a 2017 ‘hl Revised Baio = 20009 2018 Furth Reed Baion ¢ Jey 2012 nls, Bun, Mais, Noel PH ‘This edition is forsale in India ee ose of eects uur bY te AS Soa Bist Asis Sale and parts is Printed at: tage i, Dugas nd Ar Sie No-2 ph: 91-20-24225065, 91-20 24017965, Fax 0202428578, ‘Emu :info@techmaxbooks.com, Website: wow techmaxbooks com rearumscei9] (AD: TaH) (Book Code: GBI43E) transite in any for oF 2 BES including phccopy, ae ay of trade r otherwise, be len, 2 be et sad, tan, Sri Lanka and designated cu itSyllabus Balancing of Rotating Masses Concept of static and dynamic balancing, Analysis of effect of unbalanced masses in single and multiple] planes in rotating cements, Bearing reactions, Approaches and equipment for measurement of unbalanced masses. (Refer chapter 1) Dynamics of Reciprocating Engines Single Cylinder Engine: Kinematics of Kinematics (Analytica, Gas force and tq; static and dyna ‘equivalence of models (for masses); Inertia, shaking force and shaking torque, Analysis of pin forces, balancing. (Refer chapter 2) Multi Cylinder Engines: Configurations; Inline Engines: Effet of phase angles, fring order end number cf| strokes; Shaking foroes and moments, inertia torques and determination best configaration / uxbalznced| ‘mas Analysis of V and ratil engine coniguaors, Crapbical methods may be demesstrated bat emphasis should be on analytical approach. (Refer chapter 3 Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations Elements of simple harmonic motion, concept of natural frequency, types of vibrations, Basic elements and Jumping parameters of a vibratory system, lumping of physical systems, Concept of Degrees of Freedom] (oR, Refer chapter 4 Single Degrees of Freedom System (Linear and Torsional) : Undamped free vibration, equivalent sites, equivalent ystems, deterination of aura frequency; Coulomb and Viscous damping, Types cf daanpers, Damping coefficient, damping effets: under, over and cially damped system, Damping factor, damped natural frequency and logacithnic decay; Analytical solution of Forced vibrations with harmonic excitation system and vector representation, Dependence of Magnification Factor, Phase difference and Transmisiilty on frequency of excitation for various damping fctors, Concept of ‘ibraon isolation, effect of base excitation. (Refer chapters 5, 6,7, 8 and ‘Two Degrees of Freedom System + Equation of motion and principal mode of vibration, torsional vibration of two and thee rotor sytem, torsionally equivalent shaf, geared system. (Refer chapter 10) Mul degree treedom systems and analysis (Free vibrations): Concepts of nomial mode vibrations, ‘aural frequencies, mode shapes, nodes, Correct definition of natural frequency. (Refer chapter 11) ‘Vibrations of Continuous Systems (Free Vibrations) : Longitudinal vibration of bar or ro: Equation of ‘motion and solution, Lateral vibrations of beam: Equation of motion, intl and boindary conditions| solution, (Refer chapter 12) I | \ iRotting unbalance 1 Whisting of shafts, Ciel spend ands pct ipatanc Oe design af thats, Application of Dankerly’s method and Rayleigh» wer! fox eta Ce cnitial spend of shafts (eter chapter 13) sean and analysis devices: Vibrometr, Vibration Measarement ¢ Inirdaction to vibration mesure (Reter chapter 14 velocity pickup accelerometer, FT analyser Com Dynamics Dumped respnse, Jen phesemenin (Refer chapter 15) Dynamic analysis of force clave cam follower, Undanpel ad cancept effect of spring force and deat weiphtsz raicso Machine (GTU) “Tabla of Contents jy retonBaacng... me 11 Tyee Fras Ang on Components actin. p12 NeadolBlancing (pee. 1, B86. 13,0918). 12 Stic erd Oya Blanng (0ee 1, es 19, es. 14. “4 iat Stale Blcig 122 Dynami (Comps) Balonng lay 1) 2 13 Shyla. 14 Balenng ot Rotating Mazz. 15 Salacngot Masses Rong n Se Pan... 3 151 Balancing Single Reang WAS concn A 152 Balancing of Sovorl Masses Rotating a Samo Plano. ry 15 Balancing of Sever! Masses Rotting in Dien Plane... Bt 182 w Chapter 2: Dynamics of Reciprocating Engines 2110255 21 Inodton. 2A 24 22 tetons. 24 Oanborts Pine 24 Siglo amore Maton (HM) 25 Refuse Gyraten ol Rigas (Compound 2 a 28° Foe Arayisin I Eno Mechank nn 281 Ste Ftc Anas Engine Mechanism... 282 Dynamic Frc Aras or nera Force Anais a0 ating ot Recrecatng Masses la Sino (fer Engines ay 19, Dec. 14) 2101 2102 _aitareoe Botwoon Untancd Fees Ove ecprocateg Mass and Rotating Mass ear 2103 Porta eating ot Pinay Ubalonced Force circa Engin (Dee 2, May 16). 21 211 lane of Repeat Massas in itfedn ina Ege a9 211 Cenions fr Compo Balancnn of 20 Mutictndertrine Eng. 2.11.2 Pinay Baan ln Milder Engen. 2-20, 2113 Secxaar Balancing al nina Mal-cfeder nj ay 16. 20 2.114 Boon ot Fou Gyre ki Eres. 22 212 Concept Dict od evren Cranks (ay 1, may 12, ay 15, Wey 15), 23 2121 Pinay Fea Pay 2102 Second Fea _—_—__-4 219 —_Unvrsy Quostons an Aner, 288 Chapter: Belancing of Locomotives end V Engines st to317 31 Pai Blring of ecomet oA (Way 11, Dee. 1, Doe 14). 11 Etet ot Pail Batarng et Locomctves (O86 14) 312 Veratondt Tactve Fae (F:) (Oy 12, May 15, May 16). 1 813 Swaying Coup, ) May 12, May 16)._32 814 Hanmer Blow ay 1 May 18)—____ 32 82 lencingotVEnginas (Way 14,08. 12, Des. 14, May 16) 9 821 Vetsont Resutant Primary and Secondary Fores th Ca A HO 83 Glancing Mactines Ose. 12,Dee.19).___314 981 SlaicBeancing Machines a 332 Dynamic Balancing Machings (May 16)..__s18. 34 _Urveraty Questions and Anewors. 348 ‘Chapter 4: Introduction to Mechantcal Vibrations 411048FEL opm ot totne (5T Table of Contens ana a5. 42 as 4a 45 ast 42 46 4st 482 a 48 49 ‘Avaiags of Veron pont Notte of Reducing cs of Urdestaba rater. . Ae “Tamindlgy ard Bae Cancels (tay 12, De 12 May 13, Doe 13, May 6). 2 ‘Buen of Vata Systm eT ado Syston. en Equal Spgs. 7) Spingsin Stes... a uent Damp. ent Damprsin Seis (Hay 16). angers in Pate. one 5 “Types of ivan ay 3) 46 Aistot For att Universi Cueston nd Aor = ——— Chapter 5: Undamped ree Vibrations __5-1 10540 st 52 521 522 523 53 sat 54 56 61 62 ea 54 Iron ‘terion of tatu Foqueney a ulm Matod (OAemberts Pines) (0s. 4 ay 15, ay 1) egy Habit 6.11, 08618) rn Page Maes ey 14 Untenpot Fee Tansee Vrain. Torna ties) LUndanpd io Toone Veto. stot Ff Univer Qustons end Ans. rraacon to Daring. “Types Damping (Ooo, 11, May 1, May 1). ‘mpd Fee Viralons wit Viscous Damping (Way 12, May 13, Dec. 1). ‘evar Soon itfernlEquen end Types A anped Systm (ay 11, May 12). Logie Docomont (6) (Way 13, Dee. 2, May 14). 85 Danpad Foe Tosinl Vibrato... 08 66 Free Vivaen wih Coulor ry con | 651 Raloo Decay of Man na 8 652 DampodFiee ToslonlVixatons with ‘Cala or ry ton Damping 028 87 Ustol Fomfa6 nnn —62 68 _Unvesy Qustons an Aris ~ weer Chapter? Forced Damped Vibrations __ 711079. 1 tnedston to Freed Via nA 712 Force Dampad Vxaions wh Constant Hermon Exc (D0. 12) enn TL 721 Conger Furcon 722 Paria nnn 723 Cone Sotion lot rental Eq TA 124 gitaton Fact o Ojai Magitar (HF) (Way 12, Dee 12, May 19am 725 Froweney Response CuVeS enn 126 Phtol Phase ng Versus Frequency Ro 13 nO ‘Chapter: Forced Vibration with Rotating end Reciprocating Unbalance __@-1 to B44 81 Forced Vibrations Dus o Rotating Ubalance (May 11. 814 Plot Dimensionless Sted State Ampitude Versus Frequany Rt 82 Freed Vbvfons Du to Recirocating Unblancn..03 83 Foeed Vibrations Ov fo Excion of Support 2 er 31 Asst Anpt. an 882 Rela Api #1 nent 4 Unvrsty Quosfons end Answers. ‘Chapter 9: Vibration Isolation and Transmissiblity 1tost9 84 Vivaton lon (0 11, Do, 14, May 15, May 16) an 9.14 Vian tltrs.. 92 Vibraon Transit (D0 14) ewnenene Bt| so of Machinery (STU) “Tabi of Contents ro ems) Py ee 1, ay, yay). jan Teese Vers Fogeny Paso (vey 13.-— 99 ggg, Meton Teens ay 1) 4 vy Outs ert Aron. oe 3 ——_———e 10; Two Degree of Freedom gystoms 1041191049 Gr totuton Two Depec ot Feasom sons (10 n ann HO ep FreeUndanged Longin Vibrations of Two Dageos ot Froodem System. ann HO 03 OherExarpls of Tao Degiesof Freedom Stem. ~ en 106 931 TwoMstees Fie on Tight Selched Sting, a {a4 Foe Tesla Viatons of Two Ror Systm (ove. 14 105 Fos Torsone! Viatins of Theos Retr Systm. 1:22 1021 a8 TosnayEauent shat (ay 13, Doe 14 May 1), ‘a7 Torsional Vibrato of Gerad Sytem (ay 12, Doe 19. 05 Ustet Fomutse, 13 __Uiverty Quesons and Ansher.. (Chapter :Muttiegree Freedom — Systems and Analysla (Free Vibration) "11-1 1011-43 1 tego o Freeda Stems... 2 Equatenet Moten (Byusog Heaters Sond La. 112. Pasty nance Coote... uu ms ue oe a us Neat Mat ay 16) "831 Sd ate One, ay 1142 natural Frequency of Sat Camyng i Re 121 Rag Method mn Ce 1119 _Unvraty Quostons and Anew Chapter 12: Vibration Analysis of Continuous System 1244 to 1216 121 tedden. 124 122 Boundary Conon in Boa. at 123 Transorovibaton of Stings (ave Equations) 124 2 124 Solon Wave Equaten, 125 Longs! Vbetn of Beam (Dee 14) N29 126 Torna Vbvafon of Boas (Sts) 7 127 TansvseVraon ol Beam (Way 12,0514). 128 Aerosinale Sllon Meds 1281 Raji Method (Dee. 12). 129 _Unvery Qusions ent Astor 181 ern yy 1) 84 12 ctl spel shat conn Sg etx (wet ep (ve 1,18, 1)—194 ange Si Sted 133 Citical Spoed of Shall Canying Single Rotor (With 132 136 rat 137 184 Sounday Ctl Spd ay Mann 8 195 chica Speedo Stat Cajing Mil Raters 1910 1851 Rahs Meo... 1340 1852 Dankaeys Meio (hay 15) 196 stot Fometae.... 187 Urivrsty Question and Aner. (Chapter 14: Vibration Measurements “V.1_Inteductonto raion Measurement 142 Vivaion Measurement Process. a eer ee144 as 1442. aa waa 145, 1435: us 51 ase 146 17 vara 1472 vara ol Machinery (QTY) \Virormto (Aline Messing urn) (Oe. 1,ay15 me Pace MUR en MB Sele ner Stanton Pep ee) ~ a pa Ret IRA nn Sipe Pleo nT Mt 099 PRA one 8 lt Pk 8 karen ee ase Typo kp Cectonngne Ft). 148 Acorn Pk Upscale) a Freeney Mapai stunats (My 12,000.19 Sued Fegan at elton TaN teed Frequency Met or Fabs essuranatol Dampier bran E30 nnn 1440 1A) fy ed Pete Oty 1410 twat FT Opn I ———— ant Typeset FF Ane a 14102 pena FFT AE é anh roan vena PASM na croc tne TNO a ann cst ete Tee a seri ving Tose TW 113 enn Snr 2 CER MCA ania satel ee cay fae seroma iw sy Mme ———— Ni ‘cams Dynamica ioe ‘poo sem pos ‘ls ‘Ghapter eee —————— a $52 Rare cl Unda Cam Macarena i ——_—__—_ 53 camttonr Ropar Nerenc Met) — 156 can Spbese ptunated Wet) —— 185 188 187 1» Aopendtx hz Solved Univers Question Papers tbe, 2018, sy 2017 a Way 208. Pe ores > Univerty Question Papers44_Introduction to Balancing = Arabic consist of umber of moving pat. The maton fring prs ay bef zy 4A Types of Forces Acting on Components ot Machine ‘There ae two types of fret acing oa say machine companants of mschine 1. Sit ores 2. tora ody tres Fig.Cl Types of fares acting on components of machine 1. Set fores ‘The tie forces sting on tbe machine components ae due tothe weight component. 2, Tara or dynamic forces The nea or dynamic forces ae due to acelin of verows compooels or imeners of tbe machine. The soceleruin may be db fo change in mage and / ot bangin direson of veloc. . Such ors may not be inequitritm, with the esa thee exist arent force and couple. The relat nen fre o dynamic Fre my hang i magus dreton or bot, alboagh in most ofthe aes caly cng of recto aes pe 14.2 Need of Balancing (GTU-Dec. 14, Dec. 13, ay 16) ~ Te comparison wit th atc forces, th dynamic Forse ey ageing. ~ _ Feresample conser? tan tof eam tin using 45000 pa The dst feat of gravity fra ra auis of robin is 2 mm due tx imperfect machining, inacurte ph of bles, am homogeneity of mater ee. ‘Thea th reslant dae fre (sniffs will be equ, = 19139% 10 Nec 17739 4N. ‘The dynamic fre of sch high ender prodces hammering setion, sets up vibrations, and as 2 tendency it the canbe frm he oud = this rez that foundation will ormaly be ale to ith oe of th igh magia ard roueney. = Hace to avoid the wspleait effects, presse blancig is seat = alanine th proces of eometng or eliminating, eer rally or competely, te eet dv to reslantineris feces and couples acting on the mathne pats ot capone. ~ Ths, th purpose of ancing is to avoid the vibration ofthe machin by bsg te ent inertia forces and coups. = Te lacing i ily ese, eseily in high spd applaions such as: eee motos, generar, bie, aps srr, makin tos, Static and Dynamic Balancing > (GTU- Dec. 1, Dec. 13, Dec. 14) casita ig 121: Unbalanced Sytem = In aay system ving one of mor rotating mass, if the eave of mae of the system doesnot He onthe ais of run te hese scala unbalaneed.ios of Machinery (STU) i 1 a Fig, 1.21 shows he ating mas having is cet of mas | (a) The rel ener dn SS (CG) at adisuace' from the axis of oaton. oul due 10 al the dpa The dynamic foro (cemifugal force) aisiog de 10 naan is Re = ara? sm © amas th rotating body, ke. isaac of centre of mass (C.G.) fom the ats of rotation, m angular sped of rttion, rat = Tis dymamie force (catifigal force) acts in raily outward ieton, 4.24 Statle Balancing aren} where, These ssid 10 be ssa baaned ifthe ene of mas (CG) of the syste of masses tes on the eat of rotation. Forte system tobe statically bland teresa ofa the dynamic forces (ceria forces) acing onthe system during rotation rust be ero, ie Z Dynamic forces (cntifugal frees) seting on the system =0 A statically unbalanced shown in Fig. 1.226, system shows a vibrcory mais as ‘Also Rotaton| (Vibratory Motion of Statially Unbalanced System. ‘Fig, 1.2.2: Satie Unbalance 1.22 Dynamic (Complete) Balancing > (GTU-May 16) ‘The system ssi tobe dyna (completely balanced, ‘Hits allowing two contin (@) The reson of al the hnaic forces (centiiget forces) cing onthe sytem daring rotation mast be era. te, EDynanic forces acting on te system =0. 1 this contin is said, the sytem is aid to be wid (cone! fore) cing os ‘oon, abou ay plan, st be, ape ito dan aces 1a he cents Bay cing athe sea Sil he er a FEN Ow ty ‘obe dynamical (comply alanced. ‘A dymicaly nha shown in Fig. 123) pista too, Eis, (@ Vibratory Motion of Dynamically Unbalanced Sse ig, 123: Dynami Usbalace 13 Study of Balancing ‘Trae two aspects fe alneng probes vauaton of Dynamic o Ine Forces snd Cong sad Delermition of Coavesisst Method of Bulag Dymamic Forces and Couples. ‘The ey of baling Is suvded uae the ha shown aig, 13.1 ‘ig, 13: Stay of Balancing staal blancs,Dynamics of Machinery (TU) 13 Balanieg ol Patan Mace 1.4 Balancing of Rotating Masses 0 @ cr) 1.5 Balancing of Masses Rotating In 1.541 Balancing of Single Rotating Mass In any rotating stem, ving neo more rotting mates, if he cent of mass (CG) ofthe sym does not lis onthe axis foto, hen the sytem is unbalanced. The unbalance in rotting system is mainly due to the folowing factors: aor and tokrances in manufacturing and asset. - Nor-homogenety of material Unsymmetical shapes of the rotors due to uoctional requirments When an unbalance muss is rotating about an axis, it expences a ceatifual fore ina rally outward reo, This force is alo clled sisting force ofthe system ‘The magnitude of cenifugal free or dstrbing farce is siventy, : wher, Fe = eanifugl fore or diturbing force, N im = massof throating buy, kp. 1 diane of cent of mass (C.G) from thesis fran, (o = angular speed of lation, as Single Plane Many times, one or several masses ar oating in ingle plane. The examples of such ass ae: team mie rota, | _ ipellrs of ceaifugal pumps, impellers of hyaaie turbines ee. ‘he balancing of masses roaing in a single plane ave cused in subsequent sections. Consider single mass‘? atached to a sha, whichis | rating wih an nga velocity ‘ut? Be he distance of CG. of mss mt from th axis of rotation, as shove in Fig. 151 - ig. 181: Single Unbalanced Rotating Mass 0 Davin the rottion of staf, x dynamic force (ceatifugal force) equal tom ro actin radially outward dieton as shown Fig 151, @ “This nbalaned fore reals in acease in load on the terings,inceaed tending moment oo the ‘shaft and vais ke syste. ‘This dymanic fre can be balanced ty either of the following two methods. 1 Balancing Vy sgl mass estoy i we sae pase (teal blacig) 2. Baling by tx meses tate ia two dlr planes (Gatoal alsin, Balancing by single mass rotating In the same plane (tema alsncing) “To bakes the sugle ig mass « onoet mas felncing mas ny plz ie ple foto iambing mss was, ad exety git wi uch hat th ceil ec otto snd opie. Matera, nial = mao Fig. 15.2: Balancing by Sage Mass ‘he prot my’ maybe eplin xy comvnicat way. The value of" is Hept per 20 2: to redoce the aloe of ‘rmeing mass ‘ma chown in Fig 152 This Balancing ofa disurbing mast by a single balancing ‘mas in the sane plane slow a ternal balaelng Balancing by two masses rotating In diferent planes (External balancing) ‘be balasing mass canoot be placed in the plane of ton ofthe disturbing mas, thea it is ot posible to blaae he ising mas a ingle tlacing mas. Ita single balancing mass pled in plane perallel to the lane of rotation of distbing mass, the dyn force (ccatifgal fre) con be balmeod However this ‘crangemeat wil introduce an ubalzesd couple. In order to achieve the compete tlancig ofthe ye, at leat two lacing masses ae required tobe placed in two lanes pl tothe pln of dsuring ase. ‘To active the complete balancing to balalag masses “my and ‘mre placed in wo cifereaplnes pall the plane of ration of te dsurbing ms a sch a way th, hey ay he following we cndtions ‘The estan dynamic foc acting on tesa mst be equal (o zero. Forti the line of acon thee dynamic free (ceaifugal fre) mus be he same. Tis iste coniton forstaticbalanlng ‘The mult cole due to dynamic foes (eatifugal Sores) acting onthe shaft mast be egal 2. In oer words, the egebic sum of the moneats dae to dynamic Sores (eas forces) aout any pit nthe plane mst exer AMot codices i) and (i a msi hen said tobe dyuamialy balanced = The teanciag maces may be aranged im ce of oy case]: Balancing masses are placed in two diferent ples cn oppose side ofthe place of rotation of ditarbing | Fig. 153 : Balancing by Two Masses on Oppose ides of istorbing Mass = To achieve the compl talacig, citions mst beets tte follosiag two sa most be (@) The ceotifagal force of during mst aul to the um of the ceaifugal feces of the facing masses man mg" Ts, mre = my O mated 152) me = MyTy Hah (a) Teesum of monant dae to cetifagl foes shoe ay elas 22, ‘Ts king moments abut plane A, We seb Coys) = (Oats) ce mytah = Mahal 153) ‘ce Bandages are placed in vo diferent planes fn onesie of the plane of rotaon of dtarbing Fig. 154: Balancing by Two Masses on Same Side of Distorbing Mass sotancing of Rotting Masses psa of he apse the In exter to acieve the comp te satisfied ‘lowing too colons mS (@) Fortauacing of dypamic (2 = te to = Bat (08) @ couples, ’ Bh = ema ce mth = aH (185 4.52 Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in ‘Same Plane casita he mar of es 29 Fe MY REN, 1 308 fom the ached toa tft at 2 dsc oT ssf ration of sal Tee mamas ap at angular poston Oy» Os a Be wi tne OX, 2s shown in Fig, 1-5Stab The ang peared in nticlockwite direction ofthe balancing mast can be positions 2 = The magnitude ad postions foand by coz ofthe Flowing two methods 1 Grapical Method 2 Amlyteal Mebod = Since ois same fr all asses, the magne of ceatsifipa fence foreach ssi propertonal to tbe prodnct of asad radios of rien (1) Hence i subsequent analy te cexrfagal fre is taken as tem mar, kgm and the comple oe to centifogal force i taken aster mar! kg 1. Grapiial Method > (GTU- May 16) (Fit daw cooBigratca diagram with given posts af muses, yy end mas shown ia Fig. 140.(FT ont ts Boloncing of Rotating Massos. kgm Face Patyon Fig 155: Baling Serra Mass Retain Sate Plane (i) esac! asset y nda mass caliente Fo = 43a = mi Fa = gi Fa = mt Gi) Draw the free polygon such that 0a" epescas the cetrifgal fore exerted by the mass my in given diction with some sate sale. Silay draw *aB °, Be * and ed" to represent the ceatifgal forces exered by tbe masses my mand m, especialy (iv) The closing cide ofthe force polygon “8b * represents the Baling cenafan agit ad diton, shove inp 1550), (0) Deteain the magi of blning ms nt given ‘auf ato sch tt, Balacingcetifoal fore = m,1,= do xscale 2 Analytical Method Refers 15540); ©) Resolve the catia cs horizontally and verily ad fing theirs. Es 086, +1, 5 cos 0, +m, ¢,c0s 0, +14 (,0088, 156 in 0+ 1 snd, +1100, 15, (i) Cele the magetde of rest cei fore. Fy = VERTHERT 059) Gi) Cacuse the ange made by the result cease force with brzot line OX me] as ofa morroteem tees ——- See = : and EF y= 300, 4 m5 Ee 151 ‘Tho four masses my, m,, mand my having thor rai of rotation as 100 mm, 120 mm, 250 mm and 300 mm aro 200 kg, 250 hg, 150 kg and 100 kg in magnitude, respectively. Tho angles beween the successive masses ‘are 45°, 70° and 140° respectively. Find the postion and ‘magnitude ofthe balancing mass required, iis radius of rotations 350 mn, 1 =200 kg, 0, =0° (Assuming my, es haan) my2250Kg, = 20mm=0.12m, = 100mm=04 m, We know ta centifugal frei proprtional oth product of mas and rads of ration of each mass. Therefore, mf = 00x01= kgm yf = OX012=30ign nyt = 150x025=375 kom ayy = 100x032 01g = The problem canbe solved by graphical aswell as analytical mato’. 1. Graphical Method Draw the congueion diagram with given posons of masses as shova ia Fig. 15.1). ng 180K9 Fig. 153 (9): Configuration Diagram, @ Daw te foe polygon whinge sale (mm = ge sch tat “02 * erst y= 20 gen allel © OA. From ‘daw ‘2° rprseatng m,¢, = 30 g-m, purl to 08. From ‘bY daw “be” representingLBP oynamies of Machinery (6TU) 375 kgs, parallel to OC. From representing mys, = 30 kgm, parallel 10 OD. Join ‘do ‘presente balancing cemitugal fre, | | °olom @ Geale: 1 mm=1 kgm) (©) Foree Polygon Fig P18 forces ivenby, = Bxsaleenxt 32k mh stig 2 9142 kg ‘balancing mass is ealeulated as follows dew sob From Fig. P. 1.5.10, the balening cenitugal wns, ~ From Fig P1510), the angular poston of the 16 (9) Catalte the angle made by restat ceatgg, it he hain ine ot ERY | 26a 0, FR Tn Ly 6 = a" (14892) = ser | ate | (0) Cates the angle made by balay Norizontal ine BS ig, 8, = Ose = ar 1.6 Balancing of Several Masse Rotating in Different Planes “Transferred to a single plans wi called rely plane (RP) = ~ The efet of tanning any sean ry plane ito podace o Cennifga frce of mapitte Fe =m tes ag Couple whose magninde is eget to te stil foc aed the suns te ene om be divubing mas C=Fet= rey For corp taucing of any sym, te fclovg tg ‘onttons must bested foros ont be a @ Resultant of all ceatifeg! Curate Zmr=0); 08 @ Pot Qe se GH Recatant compl mast be em Em Fa Hat ig bg, = ose Zarl=9 ; ; eee ~ Consier masses mmm, snd, reveling pas, so wins, | -D repetvely, 6 shown in Fi. 16.10). The at oS ° ‘mgulc poston ofthese mass ae storm nF, L610) 2 Anaiytcal Method: (Resolve the centrifuga foreshortontally and vertically EE c= m5, 0086, + mprcos 05+ m, 50080, +me,c088 ER y= 20% 0080+ 3000545 +375 cos 115+ 30 coe 255 Ey = 2042L21- 1584-776 +o Ly = 160k ZA= mf 6n6, +m, 1:0, +, sn, +m, sind, ZR, =20sin0+30sin45 + 375 in 115-430 in 255 Ley = 042121+3398-2897 or Ey = 2621 keen Calculate the magitade of resultant centituga force Fo = VERTHORT Virays Geary iy = 3157 ‘och systemis balanced by two maces sed my ah are putin planes Land M respectively ‘Tho complete balancing of such sysem cen be do: by following two methods 1.6.1 Balancing by Graphical Method The poet followedia balancing sas oows Takwoneot te plan say ‘Las efereace plane (RP) TE distance of ther planes to the ight of LP ee lve ad tothe et of RP, retaken sega. (Gi) “Tbe te cet fre and couples due to ce! {ores (Table 1.6.1). The pies are tabulated inthe de as they located from ef wight.(BF rie tiny (GT w Balancing of Ratan Masses ‘Table Lt: Central Rorees ad Couples Pans) nee [Rad Cente] ottce | couples {o)¥0] (am | Forces! tom |imen ko eons | re dom Sa [ne ig ee ea tfafafan | o 0 ay) Be leme) eee lem etme cl]m|s| om eo] Ewa ww |i | mm | 6 | muh otmt auton | 4 fom hehe fo a, 4) Sine 6 8 samo forall: masses, the consiuga forces and esniluga couples ar taken as terms” “(8 and im 1.) especialy {6}. The wo unknown balancing masses m, and my can, be fou By erting Tore. polygon ard upto | - ‘polygon. Now the question anses which pajgan | be ckawn et. That canbe. decided tom the abo 1.64. eon tn sential toe Gil) Deaw the couple polygon, (Fig. 1.6.1(¢)] taking some suitable. sete Se cen my ein, de ae ‘yin in ree eon ny Th cn i pie oc halo | bain of Om, Sey cs mt } sede. Cling vce i 2?) represents the cole uta ica haat ape (ovine mfr of rin, he mass of ac msn cane ion 2 xSatet compo = yyy = & tm = SSE eee compen. (9) From eal polypon, th anguepstin of alnsing ase ty sak obtain (i) Another bulaniog mass‘, can be found Uy deing He Foxe polygon (Fy. L610. Draw of represen, pall Om, ~ Fro‘ draw a to epee parallel to Om ‘om dew 6d to repeseatn ry parall Om, Frum ‘edraw eto epesent my fpr to Om ~ Prom dra de toreprest my fale 10 Om ~Join €6 to epee the balancing cenifogal force my, nW02(RR) 40alco Reg 13 FEF oynamics ot Machine (GTU) Fone ono cong es) =0 mi ts (sale: m= — i) (0 Compe Pty (@) Force Polygon ig 6 ; Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in Dieent Panes (op Koowing the mdius of ruin“ the magaide of elancag ss canbe obi slows: 2 xSeale offre polygon = 5, am, = Sxseatottre pon (ipo foe plygon he angular poston of tlacing masses “a, isobed (2) Draw the angus patos of blacing misses my and m, as shown in Fig 6.10) 1.6.2. Balancing by Analytical Method : > (GTU-May 14) Following two conditions must be satisfied for the complete balanciog ofthe sytem: Refering Table 16.1 and Fig. 1.6.1; ee ome Gg ree te coups Briana sol vera ft thir summation Eiarby = © gy | “pyr howd e055 80, 04 yyy sawn hen8=8 et yf eH O- MSEC heg aye es fe Par ff 40510058, —B56 heat nace = Buon (0 bcos, ; amy Fy he 08 Oy = Cu 0 Eimrby = 6 tha) any sin 0-415 61,5085 + FF DO, ing ( shanti 4 sin Of i0,— mrad, mets fi 8, alg =F #0 =m 1 hing sy 88 eatin bc, sm fhysinOy = Ce (i) Caeaate the mops of alacing mas my From Bgtiocs (6) 204, myth €08 5? + Cy Fehr SBI = Gy +C, Batu = ore ere cn Clete the angle made by balanciag ms my wd E 0 Duka = td the horizontal tine OX A ‘Avg from Equations () and (8), : Bylysi0y Cy n Ty tuhyeasy Gy 1 ce ® fund, = « Ge : o a Ht n 2 E(Centritugal forces) =0 . o Emr =0 a (© Resolvethe forces horizoualy and vertically and fad § thee summation G E(ar)y = 05 168) 160 +m, 4 608 +m rcs B+ ot + 208 By +m, ¢, 6050, = 0 5 M6050, = [meas 0+ m, es 8 +m 5005 +5605 Oy +14 608 0,] OL = Put Ry = ~ (my 1, cos 0+ m, r, cos 6, +m 15008 ++ mf 008 y+ 07,0086]$B oynamics of Machinery (GTU)_ 19 Balan Rotsng Noses = Sree ay [> epson of pn rps of ss ae 88, = Fy sown in Fig P16) an) pe ‘Elmry = 6 (tsa) Figs. P.1.6.1(a) and (b) respectively. 10,1, so + my in, + msn, 4m sin 0, + myn in Oy i020 im in0—min 6-0, =n, mys) 0 (060m in myn, tut] = Bin came, mr.sing, = Fy 0 (8) Colette magande of lacing mass my, Fre Equaons (an), (oF (my a00,F = ok am = RAR #0 (G Caleulate the angle made by the balancing my with the tran fine OX Again fon Bguions nd), minting, Bacon, E184 ‘A roiatng shat caries four unbalanced masses, My and mg of magnitudes 20 hg, 15 hg, 17 kg, and 14 Kg reveling al radii 60 mm, €0 mn, 100 mm and 60 mm respectively. The masses my my and m, revolve in panes 100 mm, 180 mm and 300 mm respectively form te ple ot ‘mass mand are angulylocated a 65°, 145° end 270° ‘espectvely, measured in anilochvse diecon, tom the ‘mass looking tom the mass end ofthe shat The shafts {0 be daria balanced by two masses, both located at To mm ra nd ovlving in plano mda betwoon hese of ‘asoes m, and m, and midway between those of masses my and, Detemine the magnitudes of the balancing masses and ti repectvely angular postions. Soin: Given =20ig.,=6Omm=006.6, m= Sig, = 802008 0,0,=65" m= 17 kg, 15100 mm=0.1 m,8,= 145° aye 14> @am= 006m 0,70" eaten = tec i wobsning maser nd mine Land M pce Massing is placed between lanes A and ~ Mass is placed berwesn plans CandD. ~ From Fig. .1.61(0),itcan be een ht Land Marat he lisence of 50mm and 240 mm pete, rom pane A. ~ Plne Lis assumed as th reference plane, Hence, the tances tote right fis plane atten spose, while toe ofthe plan a kaze ~ There nd comple dn i iven in Tale PL Tobe. 161 ‘coneagat| itn | Coup (im) kg | (}en.| Foren nr, | term | (nt kgm ‘tom [Rem] -o0s | -005 o | o 12_| om | ow 17 _| am | om corm | ore | o0tomy co | cx | oz ‘Couple Polygon (© say cup yon, P. 16:1) is form tte da give in numa 6 of Table. 11 with ele m= 0005.0. (i) Daw d= 0064-1 pale Om, wb in te pode ding em, (Gi) Draw <6’ = 0.06 kg-m parallel to Or, fom point (6) Fam¥ daw Ve =021 tg pealets On, (0) Frome daw 2 «021g panto Omg (Gi) ind! torepreset be balancing couple 0.0133 my. From Fig. P. 6.1), by masement, ad = 4mm (Gi) NowdG scale cope pygo0=00138 ay BxOWS = O01 my shy = 16g im (sim ee ae, nt as tio of cg mas mt pets pan my Tee, =8 Ans. 2) Stow toe angular postion of mas my in ig-P. 1640)(Beale: 1 men = 0005 ign} (©) Couple Polygon Geale: 1mm 0.05 5g-m) (@Foree Polygon Mig. P, 1.61 6) Now dew te a pag cis f clara 4 ake pt, my 1 nun = 005 42. i (0) Dow «12g om, (ii) From‘ draw 3 |2ke rte, (9 From daw f= 17m ptiong, (0) From’s' daw a 42m prlelody, (%) Fem ‘d daw © 007 wy = om, =Ltea pane, (rip Jin o'r 07m, (viyby easwene 2 = 42m (i) Now, 0 x seal of force polygon =O a, $2005 = 007m Lm = ig 7 (8) From force polygon, the angus pitino 0, = 20° “ (si Show the angular positon of ma Fig. P. 1.6.10). 2 A rotating shaft carries four unbalanced masses, and my of magnitudes 20 kg, 15 kg, 17 kg eu i revolving at radii 60 mm, 80 rm, 100 mm and 6! fespectively. The masses m, m, and my revolve tp 100 mm, 180 mm and 200 mm respectively fom hep mass m and are angulaity located at 65°, 15" et? respectively, measured in anticlockwise dcten mass m, looking from the mass end of the shaft. The# to be dynamically balanced by two masses, bh 70 mm radii and revolving in plane midway between masses m, and m, and méway between tase tm! and m,, Determine the magnitudes of the bens ‘and their respectively angular positions by anata Soln,: Given: m,=204g, a Lets consider the two balancing masses $9 Land M respectively. _ The positions of plane aod angular poses Shown in Figs. P.1.6.2(0 and 1.6210) 570 Mass my, is placed between planes A and B- ay?BE pannel teaver ony i Bolancing of Rotating Masses Hwee (RP)-e 0 @ a t “Tt @ | ® { [Ss ‘et Sb i | bh te fe fo tw fu ; I — zl x0 mg257ihg, (0) Aug Positions of Masses Fig. P62, Mass ms placed betwee plases Cand D. From Fig, P. .62() it canbe seen that L and MC ae at istances of 50 mand 240 m spectively fom plane A. Plane L is assumed as the reference plane. Hence the stances to he igh ofthis plane are taken as positive, while tothe left the plane are taken a negative. ‘The foes and couples dats given in Table P.1.6.2 Taber 162 2 008 wa [o « 2 | oe | 00m 7 | _on [oat cain [ass | oor om [os | on 4 Balancing of Coupes Couples due to cetiugl Frcs) = 0. Emel 20 (© Reale the coupes borzontay and verily and fot summation Eley = 0 1 eo, +6088, +5 by COD ly OB +n ycos8,=0 006 eos 0+ 0.05 cos 65+ 022 cos 145 + 0138 myc Oy +021 0:270-0 OOIsimycor Oy = 021sers mycosy = 162162 @ Zeal, 16, +, Fb sin 8 + m5 sin Gt my fg by Si mf lysin=0 = 06 sia 0+ 006 in 5 + 0221 sin 145+ 0.0138 sy sn Oy +021 sie 710-0 013m say = 002586 sin = 217 © (Colette he maguitud of balancing mass my From Btn: (0nd 0), (4 c08 7+ (sn)? = 162163742177 ae = ane my = 1636Kg ns. (Gd Calelte Ge angle made by the balancing, mass my with ass, ‘From Equations (a) and (b), mysindy 2 Teor, = T621e tan, = 013381 Oy = 7.6218" (628° +1807) cay = 728° or 57.6218" ‘As th he terms given by Equations (a) and) are postive theo the age in fst quai Gy = 7.6218" Go) Dra he sagt pston of ini P. 16.2. 2. Balancing of Forces = E (Cetritugal forces = « Em =0 (© Resolve theforessboriontaly i vertaly nd find ‘he summation Elan = 05 2 fom ©, 4m, 4,605 6, + m, rcs O, +m, 1, cos 8, “mys +5008 0,20 1.20 + 007m, oh, + 12 cot +17 csldS +007 x 1636 cos. 6218-4084 e210 =0 007m, 288, memo, 2(at)y 12 n+ 007m, cn, + 1.2 a6 +17 sind + 007 16.36 S218 +084 siz. Ans, 0) 0.07 m, sino, = -13745Batancing of Rota, Dynamics of Machinoy (STUD 412 Se “® ‘Mass | Haidins whl | Dita s tp, sin@, = ~ 1968 i) Cateuate the magnitude of balancing, mass m, from Equation () and (@) (ay, 05 6,)? +(m, sin, P= (2070047 + (19683577 m= Sat orm, = 285384kg A (ii) Calculate the angle made by the balancing mass m, wih mass m, Prom Bgsations ) and), ty sin im, 2058, tao, = 09881 6, = 454755" or 43.4755° + 180°) O, = ABATSS® ox 228475" ‘As both the terms given by Equations (¢) and (6) a6 ‘negative the angle 6, isin the third quadrant = 23475" Ex 163 Four masses A, B, C, Dare completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 20° and 210° respectively with B in the same sense. The planes containing B and G ere 300 mm apart. Masses A, 8, C and D can be assumed t0 be concentrated at radii of 360, 480, 240 and 300 mm respectively. The masses B, C and D are 154g. 25 kg. and 20 kg; respectively. Determine = 1) themass A andits anguar positon (@ the postion of planes A and D. ms. Sotn. : Given: m= mapsne of mass A y= 360 m= 03638 480 mm =048.m >, ZBOD = 210°, COD = 120° x distance betwoen the planes B and D y =eistance between the planes A. and B The positions of planes and angular positions of masses Te » shownsin Figs. P. 163(0)and Fis. P. 16300) “The forces and couples datas given in Table P 1.63. ‘TebleP.1.63 (mj 1pm ke = ioammtraiicsetine — 0)ARDtin dy Ut a wf a g fase, omy af / ? / ° zy . ‘ (@) Force Potyeon" (©) Comple Pel Fig. P. 1.63 1. Fore Paton ‘The magnitude and angular poston of mas m= obtained by drawing the force polygon [Fs PLES @ Draw-cb =7.2 kg, parallel Ory ‘From bt daw be, = kg-m, prallel toe paral Os Gi) Foom'¢ daw ad = 6g. > (i) Join dando, do represents 02 > | Bymeaurment & = 3.6450 S (9) Now, do = 036m reas * 4m = god wi) ‘Avo, tr force polygon te angi | mis s 0, = 238° from Plane B | Couple Polygon a Be postin of pane Ao Dry tO 1630} couple polygon [Fgnig ttn (6 -) aril pen Ogsnopae ia Ga romser’ dnc pony ad ome of daw 6H pall Om, respec, ach at peje pi Tere peas « Ans. {From cal pljzon i is sen atthe dition of vector €@ is oppose to the direon of mass my ‘herfr, the plane of mss mis 0378 m e378 as towards left of plane B and not toward ight of plane of Basaleady assumed (si) By mesouement, €2'=35 kg? (ip.Nos, Gt =-036my 35 = -036my 35 = -036x10xy y = 092m Ans ‘The mgave sign indicts that he plane A is nt towards leo a assumed, bt itis 09722 m or 972 mm towards gh of plane ‘Actual Posions of Panes Teo acl postions of planes are shown in Fig. 1.634). ae RP) = H0 Balancing of Rotating Masses Wig te 35kg if) = 10mm =0.18m [soe] Rtas | aio [Cent | Davia [owns om Jom | torce | trom | tnt) ig mr. | RIO, | Fear Keun mB: = my [ois [oism | -y | -atsmy B[s]o | s | 0 7 Re ices oer | ease | os tae | asta rages rests at oeel| eS oan] hy * (8) Assumed Positions of Planes (Geale: fm = 05 kgm) (© Angular Positions of Masses (Geale : 2m =1 kg-m? 63 ° eye TI \ 1 015m, 3 > (9 ForcePolygon (@ Couple Polygon Fipr.164 Force polygon- fem 13 ts 205m a T3ig ——_S__ nnEEF oyrames ot sacra (TU, © 0 mors =714 mm my = 0385 m=—385 am Dare our masos carne by a rolaing chal at 0.15 m, 0.15 sand 02 m rospeciney. Tho ich the masses rate aro spaced at 001 etus assume thatthe plane Ais reference plane (RP) The potions of the planes and masses are shown in Figs P.1.65(a)and 0). ~ Thefowce and eoopl datas ivenin Table P. 165. Table 1.65 1 | Re o fo os_| oors c | s | os | as ie ase Eas of[sfo2} o | us | 2 ot (2) Asvomet Positions of Plex 12, ozs ogee “ oes (©) Couple Polygon ° oss (@) Force Polygon Fig. P.165 ‘Couple polygon ‘The angular positions of masses drawing te couple polygon (Fi. P. 65691 sivenin Table. 1.65. et us assure that he ass mi in beizoatl di shown in Fig. P.1.65(0). Now, draw the couple polye™? shown in Fig, P. 16.5(¢)- sic and mp ae ati? from the[BF oynamies ot achinory (STU) 115 Dyn 6) a, tw +05 pel Om we | © Siveun eneouise i) Porm points o” and draw two lines equal to 07S kgm and 1.2 kg-m’ respectively such tht they intersect atc” (iv) Now fom couple plygon we get the anal poston of masses mand m rom mas my Terfore, 6. = 10 and = 218 ons, 2. Force Polygon [Now draw the fre polygon (Fig P. 1.65} to cba the snagnitne and deton of mass, (Drow cb = 135 ky prllw On soe salle sale (11am =005 kgm) tel der stlonnieiatace oe @ Fon av d=t8tga pki oon, 6 bindada Veer mpt0100, (6) Now, do x Seale of fore polygon =0.11 my 09 = 010m, os oom = ty sake Ans (i Also from ace polygon, te angular poston cf mas mis, m=48ig, fe 1Sem=0015 0, mesg y= 1Smm=0015m, ml, p= 2Smm=00105m, Lat R= dynamic resin obeaing Lda to nba dani compe N. iy = dymnic reaction at teatag M deo thane dynam comple N ~ FePL66() stows the saad sysem, wile Balancing of Rotating Masses ‘evolving at given radi indifferent planes. The plane of bring Lis select as eference plane (RP) ~The ocean couple datas given in Table P. 1.6.6 Table. 166 ig P, L66() shows te equivalent sytem widt mises, ‘Pane | Mass | Radius } Centrifugal | Distance | Couple fra), | (0m | Force+a* | trom | +07 ie | ane), kg-m | RP. (Dy (ah m gem: a_| a [ons | om] -04s [-o3m LRP) |= = Rio o o 5 | % | 005) om | 09 | ase wt] - | eae | ia [18k | le cm [ous | aas | a5 [oscar 1. Foree Polygon: Rete P. L660); (0. Letes sume fic i to mas of pulley A atin Forze drs (@) Draw Gt = 1 bg, glo Om, to some sible seal (1am =0025 kg. Gl) From pins and“ daw 38 and ob og 0 (172 kg and 8 gam respectively wi seals Thee ects intersct tpoit' Gi) From os ptgo. tbe gus psn of mses my andi a bail Theyre, = 16" ad = 284" (0) Now in Fg. P. L660, daw On, parle! to vector an On raed to wetr bt reeseat nglar esos of em ed 245m e180 245m (0) Equivalent Systexs Mig P-165 contd.patancng ol Rotating Masts, 16 qa iy Froma’deaw a = 075615 parallel t Or, | ay rom dew 3 =0505tee elon ike sao, vector 20 eAOE GF fo) Be on oF 5 a (wy Bynes of oupe pre 13Re ui tn0880 te (Force Foleo aris ostigo. = ose (iby facet eaing MBE mote #054 G14) Ry = BN Ans 3. Force Polygor ‘agua the force plyeoo Now singe uae feces at esines Mead Lassbown a Fig P. L660 sre coin side of the polygon Le. Vest R reprsels m0 By weasueneat, co = 215) Re Now, Gx Sele of Fre poly jest mer 005 5-217) R i i usxoms = (@oupleFoyeor ges 0585 R= 053750" ‘Dynami force atthe beating R, = 05575 0 Lisgivenby. 0s375xG142) x 187 ‘A shait caries four weight A,B, C, Measuring cocks 460 N respecively spaced 18.cm apa teoea ig zac, C195 and i 270, The ae (Gale :1 mm =0025 a 1 120m, 6 cand 18 rand the speed ofthe Foam Sto rege rd etn oe (Force Polygon 2 Tlhan momenta pane may betwen Aan Soin: Given: Fig P1686 My = 120%, 44 =e, 0,=0° 12, Couple Polygon ReferFig P. 1.6640); Me Oe fy = ION, f= Hem Mz =300N, rem Gem, 6 = 135" (Dw Ge = - 0324 igen, pallet to Om, in em, 8p = 270 oFEEF oynanis ot tactinay Ty Lint (6) Position of plans of masses 1347, ny Rota Ryo? = 1748 Nm @ = Do9IN A, From Equation) andi RyJo" sing, _ 100 Rycosd, = 7 wand, = 214 =o As. Therfire the reat reaction of maginde Ry =77998.1N act atthe angle ae 5 ‘Four masses 150 kg, 200 kg, 100 kg and 250 ig a ‘aléched to @ sha cevotmng at rad 150 mm. 200 rv, 100 mm and 250 mm; in planes 8.6 and respectvay ‘Too planes BC and 0 aro at dtr 250 mm, 500 mm 494860 mm rom plan A. The maseesin panes B,C and D axe alan angla 105", 200" and Go0® meaturedancockvss foun mass o ei =o (b) Angular positions of masses Fig. 167 Let jst dani extn at pine L aes ame)| zo los] is | o | 0 ee ee ee Taner Les a | m fool | ow [an cc | so [006 | 18 | 036 | ea pf iw [os {as | os | asss ‘Analytical Method - atmo] oo [25 | -ons | cons mim | on [awn | 0 | o © Resolving te couples horizontally and vertically and tnd | teen a [memo |e | o | om [7 Buty = 0 cms] or | | om | as 000 Flu? eosdh +422 cas240° + B4scns 135° 1555cosa70%=0 || M | m™ | or | atm | oars | moose = (0.09 Ry" cos 8, = 6.74; Rylo" cos 8, =74.88 A) 2 [w 03s a oss 30825 | E(mit)y = 0 Caleulatons (0 Ruan 26° +648 in 135%+ 1585 8n270°=0 | *) HOmeauplepoyzen, From ace pupa, 2 ta gy | Obes = O085Sm, beak O18, 009 Ref sinG= 14.0; Ry in = 160.92 @ GxS = OOKSSmy, 42x10 = O18xm, For satin () 20) . mm = 308g my, = 2331p (iyo con) + yo? sina) = 74.859 + 16090) fy = 10" 4 = 258(Seale: 1en=104¢=) (0 Force Polygon Fig F168 Given: m,=Totefom = 110 m=O y= 16k, 12 M0mm=014m mele, fe=210am =021 0 y= Sig, ye l@mm=016m ‘Lets assume hat tbe ple A i reference plane (RP. ‘The posidons of the plnes and mases a shown Figs P. 16.9%) and). ‘Th force and couple datas given in Table P. 169,magsitude and dietion of rss, Balancing of Rotating Masses Table 1.69) Phone | Mtns | Ros | Cenritgad (on) | elm | voces a hy (i) goa r= Couple polygon The angular postions of mases my am my ar bisa by rawing te couple polyon (Pip, P. 1.6.4] fron the data iven in Table F169, (@ Letwsassume thatthe assy isin horizon ection ss show in Fig, P. 1.6.90, ‘Now, daw the empl polygon as shown Fi. P. 1.694), (Fis, draw 0 34 kp, parle Wo Om, to some ‘suitable scale (1 mm = 0.5 kgm’) Gi) Fore ois aed draw to ies equal to 2:3 kg? and 252 hg-n? respectively euch that they ineset at (iv) Now from couple polygon we get the angular postions of masses mand m, from mass my, Therefore, 0 = us odin, and) = 260° ens, Foree polygon "Now daw the force polygon [Fig P,1.6.9()] oobi the Draw ob =224 kgm, parle! Ong o sone sie scale (1mm =0.05 kgm) CG) From’®' daw be =21 kgm, pre Ong (Gi Pom ‘daw cd = 128 kgm, pall to Om, 9) Win dando. Veco J repress 01 > (9) Now, dx Scale of oe plyeon=0.1.m, Ls = lim am eh ™ TT =e AN, (A) A from foe poigo, the angle postion of muse mis, 8 = 1s Ans, 252 e115" oe (Beale: 1 mm = 0,05 kg-m?) (©) Couple Polygon (Seale: 1 mm = 0.5 kgm) (Force Polygon Me R169 i |Frente 551.610 GRUNER A shat with 3 ee masses of 10 ko animes ne ‘rotate are 1.2m ‘at mba unwaonh asi60% he the extremities of speed of oration of the shalt ma ‘masses are balancod by Fe yh ea fom each bearing conti two balance maseee and tl f yes, eslimale Ine 20, 2200 2094 als N=200.m, © “Te forces amd couples data is given ne Distance | Cente) ates bi ong cai wo 20 kg acting al i ‘Tha planes in anid 24 mrspectvel Spain he sat The er ee acing at rad of 09 ae ini orinttot 120 Balancing of Rotting Massa, the O72 (b) Angular Positions of Masses, (ey Force Fele=a Fig P1610 From couple poses oe = 072m 7 = O72 = TStgand 62235 203m = 03m, D istpand <2" Fig, P. 16.0 contd.nis of Machiory (TU) bat ‘ehog of Rtg Soln. My © 13kp = Wom 003m ele Met fy = 40mm 004 Oo M, = Ske fe ® 35mm 90035 0, omiseue My = the fy © on 003m oom} a0 (6) Couple Polygon we) | my | oor | oom | 0 o ce | s | oms [ons [os | ons bd |} 4 | oom] 01 | sen | oom + O15" (i) Prom couple polygon, O = us ARS, 7 os sed oe = aonvoiss (tere Pt ols S omereine X= 032236m Fi P. 6.1 1 gion 6) tents pig 0, = 195° alata Sass | ames I asleluaeg a(R) 0 + my= Tobe found, = 100mm =01 m mq 10k. fg= 18am =1.125 m = Shah 220 mia=02m tye 4k = $0mm= 0.15 m 04 —05—sh-y ~ Leto cums that he pane Aisa reference plane (RP. The otons of the planes and mastes ew shown in (@)Povitons of lanes Fig P1412) and). The force and compe dais given in Table P, 1.6.12. Table P16121-22 [BF pynamis of Machinery (STU. (b) Angular Positions of Masses 0422607 0a 128" mores di (©) Couple Polygon (@Foree Polygon Fig. P.1.6.12 1. Couple polygon ‘Te slr poston of mates me and mae chained by 1 3. Seen pogo FP. 6120) om the daa Balancing ol Rotating Macey in Table P1612. Lets asuine thatthe mast mis horizontal digg = min Fig, P. 1.641200). Now, draw the cng, how in Fig. P.1.6.12(). given o as show polos Fi row GF = 0.75 pall 1209 my stable sale Form point: of and b draw two lies opal 4 1.08 ge and 1.2 kgm? respectively such ta thy intersect at € ‘Now from couple polygon we get the angular potions masses my and iy Fn mass ty Therefore, wast 260" @ «iy w om, Ans, and Force Polygon ow draw the Force polygon (Fig. P. 1.6.12a)] 0 obtain te magnitude and direction of mass m, 8, Draw ob = 1.25 kgm parallel 10 Ory to some ute * scale Gi From 'b' daw be = 1 kgm, pall to. Om, Gi) Frome’ dew Gb =0.6 ep 00m, Gv) Join dando, Veer do represents 0.10 0, (¥) By oeasurement do = 0.7 ma 4 (vi) Now, do =011m, a10m, 7 07 = Ans. mF Oy (i) Also from force polygoa, tbe angular position of mass mis, = 210° he. i What do you mean by balancing ? Why it ‘necessary fr high speed engines ? 4 Explain how a single revolving mass is balanced by 4 ‘wo masses revolving in diferent planes? Explain the method of balancing of several masse® rotating in the same plane. Explain the method balancing of several masses rotating in ctferent planes. Explain the term ‘slatic balancing’ and “dynamic 2| balancing’. The four masses m,, m,, m, and m, are attached a shaft and revolve in the same plane. The mass are : 12 kg, 10 kg, 18 kg and 15 kg respecte The radius of rotations are : 04 © 05 m , 0.6 m and 0.3 m respectively. The 2°9* Between m, my and my are: 60, 195° and 2EEF oynamis of Machinery (GTU) 123 Balancing of Rotating Masses trom my. Detrmin tha magritude and deeon of Planes b and are 250 mm apart. Determine balancing masa routed ata radius 0.1 my sng analytical meth, (0. tho graphical mothod ana (0 Thomas & ands angulr poston (0) the aalyical method (i) Me postions plnes A and D. Ana: (m= 1.509, 0, = 8 tom, ) (164) (7 Marks) 7. A shaft caries four masses my, my. my and m, laced In paral planes. The masses of m, and m, a 36 kg and 25 kg espoctiely which aro etating ta radus of 150 mm; who tho masses m, and m, May 2012 Q.1(o) Four masses 150 kg, 200 4g, 100 kg and 250 kg aro rotating el a rads of 200 mm. The anglo 40 atached 1a a shalt revolving at rai 160 Dtweon m, and mis 100° and in betwoon m, and ‘mm, 200 mm, 100 mm and 250 mm; in planes 'm, is 180° The planes contaning m, and m, are 250 A.B.C and respectvoly. Th planes B,C and D ‘mm apart and planes contain mand m, aro 500 ‘raat distances 350 mm, $00 mm and 800 mm mm apart. I the shaft isto ba in ccmplete dynamic om plane A, The masses in panes B, Cand O balance, dtermine ‘are at an angle 105%, 200° and 200° measured anticlockwise form mass in plane A. Wis ‘equited fo balance the systom by placing the ) thomassm, andim,; (i) the distance between planes containing mass ‘mgand my; and (@) the anguar postion of the mass my balancing masses inthe planes P and Q which ‘na. (m= 195 kg, m= 16 kg, = 17.80 em, 0, ‘ate midway between the planes A and B, and = 250") between C and D respectively. the balancing 4, A shaft is supported in beating 180 em apart and masses revel at radius 180 mm, find tho Projects 45 cm beyond beatings at both ond, The ‘magnitude and angular posons of the balance ‘shaft cates tres puloy oneal each end and atthe masses (Ex. 1.8.) (7 Marks) midclo of ts lngth. The end pulleys weight 40 ky ‘and 20 ig and thor C.G. aro 1.5 em and 1.25 em | Dec. 2012 ‘spectively from the shat axis. The canal puley | ‘obs 26 ta and is CG. i 1.5 em tom tho chat | 0-40) Fou masses A,B C and cae by a atng ‘8. the pulloys are arranged so as 10 give statis that ae at radi 110, 140, 210 and 160 mm balance, determine respective, The plenos in which the masses (0) relav angular poston oho pls. ‘evolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the (6) Dynamic forces produced on the bearings when ‘masses ofB, C and D aro 16 kg, 10kg and 8 kg the shaft rotats a 200 rpm, respect Fit eited mass ad the ‘ns. (168,70 12" 89, ‘oat angular posions of he four masses go ee ee ‘hat shafts in completo balance (1.7 _University Questions and Answers (189) (7 Marks) May 2013 ; 20) A shat with 9 motes epan between to Attempt tha following questions. bearings carries two masses of 10 kg and 20 kg (9 Neodoalancng acing atte exreites ofthe ams 045 m and (Section 1.1.2) (Marks) 0.6 m long respectively. The planes in which (Gi) Four examples of practical problems where ‘these masses folate are 1.2m and 24 m talanings done, ‘peavey om he at end bearing supporting (Section 12) (Marka) tho shat. The engl betwean tha amas Four masses A, B, C and D are completely bse of aon oft satis 20 pm. Salrcod. asses Cand D mato ange ote tho masts ee baaread ty two exit and 15 respec ah Bintan tases tling hte shat acing tre of ‘Tre roatng masses have fallowin properties. (03 m ana placed at 0.8 m from each bearing neal jay conte, sims the magriude of theo neon ee balance masses and tho retaion: wah ers. spe teapecto he Xa, eas al 1K wttomm* (18:10) (Marky PRI‘pynaies of Machinery (GTO) 13, ex 2088, ‘Why s balancing of rotating parts necessary for tigh speed engines? (Gection 1.1.2) (7 Marks) 1p) Esplin cary ho tems stati alncing and ayn 0. 1(0)(1) mic balancing, Slate the necessary cancion to achieve them, (Section 1.2) (7 Marks) ‘rotating shaft caries four masses A,B, C and which ae rata atfached to it. The mass centers are 80 mm, 40 mm, 36 mm and 3B mm respectively trom the axis of rotation, The masses A, C and D are 7.5 kg, 5 kg and 4 hg respectively. The aval distances between the planes of rolabon of A and B is 400 mm and between B and Cis 600 mm. The masses A and are at ght angles to each other. Find fr a complete balance, () the angles between the masses B and D from mass A, (i) the exal <étance between he planes of rotation of C and 1}, and Gi) the magne of mass B. (x. 1841) (Marks) (0.2(H)0R Four masses P, Q, R and S are carted by @ rotating shaft trai 100 mm, 125 mm, 200 mm and 150 mm respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and to masses Q, Rand S ar 10g, Skg and 4+ repectvly. Determine the required mass P and the relative angular posions of four tmasoes so thatthe shaft sal be in completa bance (Ex. 1.6.12) (Marks) May 2014 0.2) (0.2{h) A shatis supported in bearings 1.8 m apart and ‘lojecs O45 m beyond bearings al each end. ‘The shalt cates treo pulleys one at each end ‘and one atthe idee of ts length. The mass of end play is 48g and 20 kg and ther centre cof gravity are 15 mm and 125 mm respectively from the shaft xis. The centre pulley has a mass of 58 kg ands centre of gravity is 18 mm ‘tom the shalt axis. the pulys are arranged + spasto give stale balance, Detarnino {)_Retatve angie posions of the pulys. { Dyraic forces produced on the bearings when he shat oats at 900 rpm. 158) (Marks) 2/9)0R Explain an anavical method of balancing of severe mas mane ons ee a, — St | Balancing of Rotating Mase, Q.1(b) Define Static and Dynamic balancing iy saitablo example, (Section 1.2) (7 Mat) 0.2{6) Four masses A, B, C and D are comple, balanced, Masses C and D make anges of yp and 195° espectivaly with B in he same senzg, ‘The rotating masses have folowing properiss, m= 35 kg, Planes B and G are 250 mm apat Determine 4. Themass A andits angular positon, 2. The postion of planes A and 0. (&x.1.64) (10 Marks) May 2015 Q.1(b) A,B, C and D are four masses cared by a fotating shaft at rai 0.1 rm, 0.48 m, 0.15 m and (02 m respectively. The planes in which the masses role are spaced al 500 mm apart and the mageitude of the masses B, C and D are 8 kg, 5 kg and 4 kg respectively. Find the required mass A; and the relative angular setings ofthe four masses 60 that the shaft shall be In ‘completo balance. (Ex. 1.6.5) (7 Marks) May 2016 .4(1) Detne the term ‘Dynamic balancing” (Ans, : Refer Section 1.2.2) (1 Mark) Q.4(2) Why balancing is necessary for tigh speed engines? (Ans, : Refer Section 1.1.2) (1 Mork) (0. 2a}iExplain th balancing of several masees rotting ‘same plane by Graphical Method. (Ans, Refer Section 1.52(1) (4 Marks) (Q.2fo) Four masses 150 kg, 200 kg, 100 kg and 250 bg are ‘attached to a shalt revohing al ral 160 mm, 200 mim, 100 mm and 260 mm; in planes ‘A,B, Cand D respectively. Te planes B, C and D fare at distances 350 mm, 500 mm and 600 mt from plane A. The masses in planes 8, Cand D are at an angle 105%, 200° and 00" measure! anticlockwise foam mass in plane A. Ii requ balance the system by placing the balancing ‘masses in the planes P and Q which ae ida ‘between the planes A and B, and between C and D respectively. the balancing masses revehe at radus 180 mm, find the magnitude and angue! postions ofthe balance masses. (Ans, : Refer Ex. 1.6.8) (rms) 0004 Definitions posite in dection Tata torque, Te he meee as Introduction sttic forces hence it neglected, and then the analysis of ‘mechanism scaled Stale force analysis However, when the ine forces ae also consider slang, vith state fres, ten the analysis of mechanism i clled as “Dynami force analy 1 tis chaper we shall sindy the inertia forces sed thet tlle on C engine mechanism. ‘igi body: A rgd bay ison which doesnot undergo say cor appreciable deformation whl transiting the motion, Inertia + 11s he ropeny of badly by vine of whi it remains in its sate o uniform in min until a force is Reciprocating Engines Dynamics of S.Mass momento inertia ~ When aright boty is made to rotate about a pis with ‘Tee inertia forces arise due to the mass of the ronting ot | angular acetraton i it fferstctcanee ‘espocating ports ofa machine, ~The mass moment of inertia of a rigid body measures the 4 case the ineia forces ar negligible compared to oer | ressans ute angular acceleration Goasider a rigid eny having tral mass m as shown in Fig 221 ~ Consider a igi bry consisting of small parties of maies hy my my. my and et yy by. y be he diane of ese mass fom a reference ie sep onit Inertia fore: ig 221: Mass moment fineta = Rian ing ch when acted wp aig beh hago ace Teg | ~ Inthe ms of every price oily is mapa as fore, tur | Ye qua ofits prpendcalr distance from referees Se thea he lsc sum of hee guanties is ino 2 mas me = ‘moment of inertia of te ig bay. tis denoted by 1. . 8 1s okembem ism) : ~ te wl as tty ane eo ate i tow ero gv at dans sn es, m= mutt tesity Presinoa, ae a = atom emt oge Inertia torque : It is an imaginary toryee, which when then, Te me sid et bots, tings it in an equitriam | — Where, kis called as rains of gyrate. Kmay be defnd as ‘esiton I's magi is equal wo accelerating cape, but | the distance from a given reference ln, wher the wins ‘mas of boy is assumed tobe concent. The itofmass momento ines nS. nts ike ~ ~The following ee the vales of mats momento nea for vais case, (0) A thin doe of rds ~The mass moment of nein abut a ai psig thong ts (CO, and perpeniicaar tts plane of ds,