ARCHIST 4 - PLENARY SESSION (FEB.
28, 2020)
SPANISH TOWN PLANNING AND SACRED ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. _____ the year of an outstanding expedition
2. Who founded the first settlement in the Philippine Archipelago? Where?
3. What are the two (2) oldest colonial settlements on the Philippine Archipelago?
4. The most significant set of planning guidelines as it became the basis for the layout of
many towns in the Americas
5. Who decreed the 'Laws of the Indies'? Which year?
6. How many guidelines are there in the 'Laws of the Indies'?
7. This is the urban landmark according to the 'Laws of the Indies'
8. This is the public space according to the 'Laws of the Indies'
9. According to the LOI, each town should be located on?
10. What is the layout of towns and its main starting point?
11. An empty space for plaza mayor, church and public buildings
12. What were the period styles dominant in Spain from 1521-1899?
13. Example of High Renaissance Architecture in the Philippines
14. Examples of Spanish Baroque Architecture in the Philippines
15. What is Spanish Colonial Architecture?
16. Characteristics of 'Spanish Mission Architecture'
17. Examples of Spanish Colonial Architecture in the Philippines
18. Examples of Neoclassical Style Churches in the Philippines
19. State the four (4) reasons for professional architects in assisting the friars
20. State the four (4) sources of funding for the construction of the churches
21. Provisions by the King of Spain, Fr. Fernandez on his part in the construction of new
churches
22. Example of a Linear Plan Church
23. Example of a Latin Cross Plan Church
24. Example of Greek Cross Plan Church
25. What pattern is a church with a two-tower facade with an added monastery building?
26. Summarize the three (3) Phases of Sacred Architecture in the Philippines.
SPANISH RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is the considered as the basic form of Philippines Residential Architecture?
2. Give at least three (3) modifiers of Spanish residential or domestic architecture in the
Philippines
3. Summarize the four (4) stages/phases of Spanish Residential Architecture in the
Philippines
4. What supports the entire house of a Bahay na Bato?
5. Bahay na bato is a hybrid earlier referred to as an ____?
6. The ground floor of Bahay na Bato is made of ________?
7. The roof would either be of _____ or _______
ANSWERS:
1. 1565
2. Lopez de Legazpi, San Miguel - East Coast of Cebu
3. Isolated forts and villages
4. Laws of the Indies (Leyes de Indias)
5. King Philip II, 1573
6. 148
7. Church
8. Plaza
9. should be located on vacant and high ground, properly oriented to sun, wind, and water
area, and on near fertile, and sources of fuel, timber, water and means of access
10. Grid layout and plaza as the starting point of construction
11. Plaza/plaza complex (Ex. Argao Plaza, Argao Cebu)
12. Spanish Renaissance, Baroque, Colonial Architecture and Neoclassical Style
13. San Agustin Church, Intramuros
14. Our Lady of the Gate Parish Church, Daraga Albay & Church of Santo Tomas de
Villanueva, Miag-ao, Ilo-ilo City
15. It is the combination of Native American and Moorish decorative influences
16. Spanish roof tile, Adobe (rammed earth construction)
17. Guimbal Church (400-year old church, one of the oldest in the country) & Danao City
Church (structure made from coral stones)
18. Basilica of Saint Martin of Tours/ 'Taal Basilica' (largest in the Philippines and in Asia,
stands 88.6m (291ft) and 48m (157ft) wide
Manila Cathedral (Established in 1571 and seven times reconstructed)
Quiapo Church (Established in 1574, reconstruction plan by Nationa Artist of the
Philippines, Architect Juan Nakpil, Later, Ar. Jose Maria Zaragoza enlarged the church
and change the design of the lateral walls in 1984 retaining the facade and the dome)
19. -Distance of the Philippines from their country
-Uncertainty of the job
-Legends and stories about the Philippines
-Low Salary
20. -Occasional funds from the government
-encomenderos (ecomendia- spanish labor system) who are residents of the area
-priest's savings
-monetary tribute or contribution and manual labor of the town people
21. -Sacred furnishings
-a chalice with its paten
-a bell
-mass wine
-aciete (oil) for the sanctuary
-support services (repair of the churches, conventos, and cemeteries)
22. Miagao Church (Iloilo)
23. Guian Church (Samar)
24. La Loma Church (Manila)
25. Sankt Gallen-Type Pattern
26. (up to you hehe)
ANSWERS:
1. Bahay Kubo
2. -Hot and humid tropical climate
-earthquakes
-fires
-social and cultural considerations
3. Up to you hehe
4. Haligi or wooden pillars 7.5m or more in height from ground to roof
5. Arquitectura mestiza
6. Cut stone or brick
7. Curved tile, impenetrable thatch
