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Solu of Assignment 9

1) The document contains solutions to 8 problems involving mathematical operations on z-transforms. 2) The solutions involve taking z-transforms, using properties like convolution, and applying the inverse z-transform to find the original sequence. 3) Key steps include using partial fraction decomposition and recognizing standard z-transform pairs.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
140 views5 pages

Solu of Assignment 9

1) The document contains solutions to 8 problems involving mathematical operations on z-transforms. 2) The solutions involve taking z-transforms, using properties like convolution, and applying the inverse z-transform to find the original sequence. 3) Key steps include using partial fraction decomposition and recognizing standard z-transform pairs.

Uploaded by

dontstopme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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For 12 weeks course only

Mathematical Methods and its Applications (Solution of assignment-9)

Solution 1 By the definition of Z-transform



X
Z(un ) = un z −n
n=0

We know   ∞
1 X 1 −n
Z = z = e1/z ,
n! n=0
n!
and we have  u1 
Z(un+2 ) = z 2 U (z) − u0 −
z
Hence    
1 2 1/z 1
Z =z e −1− .
(n + 2)! z
Option ‘c’ is correct

Solution 2 Given
2(z 2 − 5z + 6.5)
U (z) = , 2 < |z| < 3.
(z − 2)(z − 3)2
we may write it as
1 1 1
U (z) = + +
(z − 2) (z − 3) (z − 3)2
 −1
1 2 1 z −1 1  z −2 2 |z|
= 1− − 1− + 1− so that < 1 and <1
z z 3 3 9 3 |z| 3
z z2 2z 3z 2
     
1 2 4 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + ... − 1+ + + ... + 1+ + + ...
z z z 3 3 9 9 3 9
22 z2 2z 3z 2
     
1 2 1 z 1
= + + + ... − + + + ... + + + 4 + ...
z z2 z3 3 32 33 32 33 3
∞ ∞
X 1  n+1 ∞   n+2
X X 1
= 2n−1 z −n − zn + (n + 1) zn,
n=1 n=0
3 n=0
3

taking inverse Z-transform, we have

un = 2n−1 , n ≥ 1 and un = −(n + 2)3n−2 , n ≤ 0.

Option ‘a’ is correct

1
Solution 3 Given  
z
U (z) = ln .
z+1
Putting z = 1/y, we get

1/y
U (z) = ln = − ln(1 + y)
1/y + 1
1 1
= −y + y 2 − y 3 + ...
2 3
1 1
= −z −1 + z −2 − z −3 + ...
2 3
Thus 
0 for n = 0
un = (−1)n
n
otherwise
Option ‘d’ is correct

Solution 4 We know that  


−1 z
Z = an
z−a
  n
−1 z z X
and hence Z . = am an−m = an (n+1), using convolution theorem.
(z − a) (z − a) m=0

We may write as

z3 z2
   
−1 −1 z
Z =Z . .
(z − a)3 2
(z − a) z − a

Applying convolution theorem again, we get

z3
 
−1
Z 3
= [an .(n + 1)] ∗ an
(z − a)
Xn
= am .(m + 1).an−m
m=0
n
X
n
= a (m + 1)
m=0
1
= an . (n + 1)(n + 2)
2
Putting a = 1
z3
 
−1 1
Z = (n + 1)(n + 2).
(z − a)3 2
Option ‘c’ is correct

2
Solution 5 Given
z2
U (z) =
(z − 1)(z − 3)
we may write it as
U (z) z
=
z (z − 1)(z − 3)
By partial fraction
U (z) 1 3
=− +
z 2(z − 1) 2(z − 3)
z 3z
U (z) = − +
2(z − 1) 2(z − 3)
Taking inverse Z-transform, we have
1 3
un = − (1)n + (3)n
2 2
(3n+1 − 1)
un = .
2
Option ‘b’ is correct

Solution 6 Given
4z 2 − 2z
U (z) =
z 3 − 5z 2 + 8z − 4
we may write it as
U (z) 4z − 2
=
z (z − 1)(z − 2)2
By partial fraction
U (z) 2 2 6
= − +
z (z − 1) (z − 2) (z − 2)2
2z 2z 6z
U (z) = − +
(z − 1) (z − 2) (z − 2)2
Taking inverse Z-transform, we have

un = 2 (1)n − 2 (2)n + 3n (2)n

un = 2 − 2n+1 + 3n 2n .
Option ‘d’ is correct

Solution 7 Given
2z
U (z) =
(z − 2)2
Since we know that
z
Z(an ) =
z−a

3
az
Z(nan ) =
(z − a)2
Therefore
2z
Z(n 2n ) =
(z − 2)2
and hence
un = n 2n
lim n 2n = ∞.
n→∞

Option ‘c’ is correct

Solution 8 Given
2z 2 + 3z + 4
U (z) =
(z − 3)3
we know that
u0 = lim U (z) = 0,
z→∞

2z 3 + 3z 2 + 4z
u1 = lim z[U (z) − u0 ] = lim =2
z→∞ z→∞ (z − 3)3
h u1 i h u1 i
u2 = lim z 2 U (z) − u0 − = lim z 2 U (z) −
z→∞
 2 z  z→∞ z
2z + 3z + 4 2
= lim z 2 −
z→∞ (z − 3)3 z
z(2z + 3z + 4) − 2(z − 3)3
2
 
= lim z
z→∞ (z − 3)3
21z 3 − 50z 2 + 54z
 
= lim
z→∞ (z − 3)3
= 21

h u1 u2 i h u1 u2 i
u3 = lim z 3 U (z) − u0 − − 2 = lim z 3 U (z) − − 2
z→∞
 2 z z  z→∞ z z
2z + 3z + 4 2 21
= lim z 3 − − 2
z→∞ (z − 3)3 z z
2
 
139z − 513z + 567
= lim z
z→∞ (z − 3)3
139z 3 − 513z 2 + 567z
 
= lim
z→∞ (z − 3)3
= 139

Option ‘d’ is correct

4
Solution 9 Given
2z 2 + 3z + 12
U (z) =
(z − 1)4
we know that
u0 = lim U (z) = 0,
z→∞

2z 3 + 3z 2 + 12z
u1 = lim z[U (z) − u0 ] = lim =0
z→∞ z→∞ (z − 1)4

2
h u1 i
u2 = lim z U (z) − u0 − = lim z 2 [U (z)]
z→∞
 2 z z→∞
2z + 3z + 12
= lim z 2
z→∞ (z − 1)4
 4
(2z + 3z 3 + 12z 2 )

= lim
z→∞ (z − 1)4
= 2.
Option ‘c’ is correct
Solution 10 Given difference equation is,
un+2 + 4un+1 + 3un = 3n with u0 = 0, u1 = 1.
Taking Z-transform on both sides of the difference equation, we have
Z(un+2 ) + 4Z(un+1 ) + 3Z(un ) = Z(3n )
 u1  z
z 2 U (z) − u0 − + 4z(U (z) − u0 ) + 3U (z) =
z z−3
z
(z 2 + 4z + 3)U (z) − z =
z−3
z
(z 2 + 4z + 3)U (z) = +z
z−3
z 2 − 2z
U (z) =
(z + 1)(z + 3)(z − 3)
U (z) z−2
or =
z (z + 1)(z + 3)(z − 3)
U (z) 3 5 1
= − +
z 8(z + 1) 12(z + 3) 24(z − 3)
3z 5z z
U (z) = − +
8(z + 1) 12(z + 3) 24(z − 3)
Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we have
3 5 1
un = (−1)n − (−3)n + (3)n
8 12 24
Option ‘b’ is correct

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