ENG 2014 Differential Equations
ENG 2014 Differential Equations
A differential equation is any equation which involves one or more derivatives either
directly or implicitly through the presence of differentials.
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+3 − 4𝑦 = 5 sin 20𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Independent variable
Parameters
▪ Independent variable
▪ Variable with respect to which the derivative of another variable is being taken
▪ Parameters
▪ Constants which may appear either as coefficients of variables and derivatives or as
separate terms in the differential equation
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
+ + 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
+ + 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
3𝑦 2𝑦 4
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 3 + 2𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5𝑦 5 + 8𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑦′′ 4 = 1 + 𝑦′ 2
𝑑2𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑3𝑦
+ 4𝑥 = − 3𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑛 𝑦 𝑑 𝑛−1 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑏0 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑅(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑦 ′′ 3
+ 𝑦′ 4
−𝑦 =0
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑒 𝑡 =𝑡+ 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑦′ + 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
ENG 2014 Differential Equations - University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Engineering
▪ What are the solutions of the following equations?
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 3
sin 2𝑥 = 1
1
ln 2 =0
𝑥 −3
𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 0
1
ln 2
= 0 Solution: values 𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 −3
▪ Differential
𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 0 Solution: relation 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 5𝑥
▪ General solution
▪ A solution which contains as many independent arbitrary constants as the order of the
equation.
▪ It is the equation of a family of curves that satisfy the differential equation
▪ Particular solution
▪ A solution obtained from the general solution by giving specific values to the arbitrary
constants.
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥
General solution: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
General solution: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
Particular solution: 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑑𝑦 2
= 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 4
3
𝑦′ = 2
𝑥 +𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
2 = 12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑒 −3𝑥 , 𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
= 4 sin 2𝑥 , 𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 + 3 + 𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑦 = −1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥