‘The Colloquial Series Te following languages avalible in he Colla sees : + aban + ation Colloquial *Amtine + Norwegian += Panjabi Saudi Arabia persian + wulgeian * Polish * Cambodian Portuguese Cantonese + Romanian = Chinese + Russian 1 Serbo-Croat + Somali Gujarati A Complete Language Course Spanish «Spanish of Latin America + Swedish Jagdish Dave * Gujrat + Vietamese * Hungarian + Welsh Indonesianty Roledge 1 New Fetter Lane, London ECAP AEE Simatssouly published in te USA and Canad 29 Weat Sect, New York, NY 10001 ‘Typeset in Times by Thomson Press i) Li, New Det ‘Prue an ound in Eland by Clay Li, Se ple Alrighs reserve, Nopartof his ak maybe ernie ox eroded rutile aay Fermoy ay elec, mechan. oraher mens ‘ow known or heer immed, eludes photocopying and econing, oi any infratin storage or retieval tem, withoa poison nen fo he pablber, ‘ria Library Caaoguing in Pubiton Das ‘Acetloge recor for this bok aval a the Beis Lbrry Lina of Congress Catling Pubcon Da ‘A etaligue econ or this oo vale frm the Libry of Congres 1SBN0.41509196'9 (book) ISBN O415.0197- (casas) ISBN O-415.09198-5 600k andcasetes couse) Contents Introduction 1 Gujarati alphabet 7 Acknowledgements 0 Abbreviations " Map of Gujarat 2 1 wat atari Be Re Social exchange ‘he visor B 2 ae aia endl gat Atte postfice ‘tthe fs shop 2 3 ai ugel at ogra uss Baten oH Panning a shopping sting oot in Gujrat vegeta estar 2 4 adel alte ssi gar Telephone conversion ov Ataelabes shop 8 ODS Bar aes yy Seow — Fiing your way tothe station SB arite sation 88 n LEScript revision 10 8 Revi as usd tthe hot Paces wort sing yet Re youd Badaed Merng ol fends Looking for accommodation Fauna vies Atschoo Sicknes scree wi am George Bernd Shaw Hobbies rade wore det gong Hert A hot at Niagara Falls Tmpoaee of the moter ove fries aes 2s Hat WL “Towards the hee ere play awe eae se Atthe newspaper fice Ataselogue at aed, aaa seat San Francisco Moming walk ” ” 7 12 1s 1s 14 wader eter writing 15 ound “ronsation Reference grammar Key to exercises English-Gujer Guj Grammatical index i-English glossary 182 m v8 199 mm 253 aDedicated to all my students in India since 1950 and in the United Kingdom since 1984 Introduction Gujarati spoken by approximacly 40 milion people in te State of Gujarat, northwest India. In ation there are some 15 million expotite Gujarts throughout the world, particulary in the United ‘Kingdom, the United States and Africa, where ley play a prominent ole in busines end industy. Gara belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages, itself a subgroup of the Indo-European family. Modern Gujarat, along with Rejasthani and Braj (Western Hindi), has its source in. Shauseni Apubbramsta, a language which fll into disuse around the twelfth centr. There are four principal dialects in Gujarati ~ Pattani, Surat CChaciar and Kathitordgi — but the standard weten form used in education, the media and Siteratire is followed by all. The script is ‘letved from Devnagai, wed for Sanskrit I is « much more phonetic script than English and, in that sense, easier wo ead. There ae some sounds in Gujrat which have no equivalent in English, Te information contained inthis book wil asst dhe student with thee sounds But at best they are an approximation, It is only by listening to the spoken language that cect pronunciation will be Achieved. Radio, television, video and films offer an excellent way of achieving this end, nd two audi tapes are availble in conjunction with this book. Thebes posible solution to spend time with mative Gujarati speakers. Vowels MB; of 1 asin EL © asintox 2! © asinmay 23) © asinge oat EB sinon wasin put= ssinup 7 asin pain Group Here the tongues cued so that the tip touches the hard plate. Ther is “The script contains along and a sort, anda long anda shor whut the to equivalent sound in English, Aitference in pronusciaion tat may once hve existed no longer apis (se essons on thes. cea: asin baer (emphatic ; nGujerat the vowels eandE, oandO, have the same sya despite so { above, bt with apie the lifferent pronunciation sony in words lose frm English that so asin dll the ciferemiaion is made withthe use ofthe ign “eA leg, oe ave but with aspirated ALAS (acd). However, this diflerence is shown by E and O inthe ao 2th tong aspication sranalteration inthis book . Group t Consonants PX} ‘With this ro the roti of he tongue touches the tet ‘To « considerable extent Gujrat follows te Sansrt phonological eae asin te French) system, Mos consnses alm ive distinct roup according 1 place ar asin ied Ad point of aticulition: 4 asin devFrench) uo asin ths 48 sin mt Group k In this group the back ofthe tongue touches the sft palate: Group p cn ore the is touch befor the sound i produc _, er Here the ips toach before the sounds proce ae ain fog oe asin upper ook asin ghost + oh asin frm (bt follwing closed ps) and asin hum . th asin abhoe Group ch x om sing Here he fot pr ofthe tongue touches he hard plate: Alle above consonants ae calle ops aoa sin voucher 2 oh te acer at i Other consonants EX spires . i asin Tack op Pa sh lke ack, bt with an aspired y ¥& known as 4 semivowel in Gujarati because pronunciation is eeeetemine by is poston in a word. It sat the beginning of 8 word it ‘etans its sound aa consonant eat yah fame Wit occurs between two consonants it is pronounced as vowel: Jacyamti_ is pronounced jentt wid ail aor sin rsh ao ain hick ay asin verge aoe sia shu (the leer has the same Pronunciation) aos asin support eon sin fash aod this does not have an equivalent sud in English About Gujarati “There are no capital lexers in Gujarati and no definite or indefinite antices, The sentence pattem is: subject, objet, verb (SOV). Adjectives precede the sibec abject. There ate to types of adjective: variable and invariable. Variable adjective endings change according to the number and gender of the ‘qualifier. Adjectives agree with the subjector abject and verbs agree with the subject ~except inthe past tense of ansiive verbs, where they olloW the object, There are no prepositions in Gujarat stead, there are pospostions, so called because they occur flere word they influence Tn aditon (0 pospostions there are several csesufines which ae frequently used in thee place [Asis the case in Fnlish, thre ae in Gujraithree tenses, three genders and two numbers. However thee isa commonly used honorific plural hich refers toa individual As with French, every Gujarati noun has gender, incloing toan words which in their original language might be generis ‘Gujarati has simple auxiliary and compound verts. When joined the later has either an extended meaning or a changed meaning Duplicate words aes chartctrisic of Gujrat. They stengthen or change the orginal meaning by repeating par or all of a word ‘Another feature of Gujarati isthe use of compound words, Details ofall the ahove are contained inthe Reference grammar and explained inthe lessons. Course pattern The course is divided into fifleen lessons. Most lessons contain to dialogues ora dialogue and arendng pasiage and show panicul points of grammar and colloquial quirks of the language flowed by ‘Tae first ive lesions introduce the Gujral script with sanshteation and withthe special Feature of syllabic division to assist the learner to pronounce the language corety. Lessons 6-15 ae continued in Gujarat Serpt alone ‘Every daloge and passage is followed by an English ansltion and 1 vocabulary Tis. Some lessons contain an addtional specialized vocabulary. Formalized and personal eter writing are covered in lesson |, The last lesion presents diferent styles for wansltion from English © {Gujrat ad vice versa "At the end of the book there are the key 0 she exercises, a ‘comprehensive seference grammar ands 2,000-ord Gujarati-English, glish-Cujarat glossary. “The course assumes no prior knowledge of Gujarat andis designed to lead the stdent easily and quickly « @ working knowledge of the language end the bility to speak read and write with a considerable degree of Nueney “The book should ao prove useful o teachers of Gujrat.Reference numbers In the lessons Individual topics contained inthe lessons are numbered in accordance withthe Reference grammar a the back of the book, e.g [RI] Those Which occur in more than one place ae clearly indicated, e.g (R1, RIO, RI}, enabling the todent to go quickly tothe relevant sections Reference grammar “The numbers the end of each topic in the Reference grammar indicate the lesson and the paragraph; e.g. 1.2, 3.5 indicates thatthe topic cconcemed is deak within lesson 1, paragraph 2 and in lesson 3, paragraph 5 Gujarati alphabet Vowels ener Pronomcedas Leer. Proms as op my 1am a pain oa ow i) ta aes cla Ea Ob Vowels From | Cental Back on i = Mia ¢ a ° low & 1 °Consonants Letter Pronounced as ko pice Kh hak ste hike gabove, but with an aspirated ch souchee ‘hh like eh above, but wih an aspirated 1 ack jh ke above, but with an aspirated © bree 8 keg above, bu with an aspired dull hike above, but with an aspirated 9 vith strong aspiration {asin s8te French) th third @ de (French) dh tus PB tpper ph firm (but following close lips bhi Bh abhor mo me, r onh 2 oo sh shut © suppor bush 1 oequivalent, Consonant chart nfs tlie | | aspirated kn | qh | oth | ph | oops | ves moors s | ela 8 ones) a» || || om fumed | a i | lmnevued] | voit Fee vied : , te ria ape :Acknowledgements 1 wish to thank Swamishri Sachehidanand, Profesor Gunvant Shah, Mr Raji Vyas, Professor Bema Comrie, Mr K.N. Trivedi, Director of Languages, Gujrat State, Father Vallace and Naxjvan publishers for Permitting me to use thei material inthis couse "would especially like wo dank Dr H. C. Bhayani, eminent linguist and honorary fellow of SOAS, forgoing through the entire manuscript and making valuable suggestions: my find, philosopher and guide Me ‘A.D. Chappa for his constant help and guidance: Ms Maria Calis for ving me very helpful comments during the writing process, especialy inthe Reference grammar; and Simon Bell, whose continuous help was, a great asset “Last but no least, {would like to thank my stadens from various colleges in India whom taught from 1950 antl 1984, whe I sete in England. While in Englund, Ihave had both he pleasure and privilege of teaching a the Insitute of Education University of London. the School fof Oriental and African Sudies (ESD), University of London, the ‘Academy of Vee Heritage, Harrow andthe Gujarat Literary Academy (OK). [thank all my stidents and eachersteunses in England Tam indebted tal ofthe, Jagtish Dave } Abbreviations ao ‘ati ‘ad f inf prep row adjective variable jective invariable adverb conjunction feminine oun infinitive rmascoine noun reposition pronoun ‘er intransitive ‘ver intansitive and ansive verb transitiveMap of Gujarat [ ~ GUJARAT Bul? afar Ae 22a Social exchange The itor {Im this lesson you wil earn about: ‘+ The use of smpe groetings = Tho use of porconal proncuns (you, haha) 1 Formation of empl pr The use of ne honor plural The use ofthe case sfx ml a) + The Gujrat alprabet (riveduction) nse (1am, we ae, ete) Exchanging greetings AZ ‘Two friends, Ramesh Patel and Gita Shah, meeron te oad and exchange arectngs Rewst, —ntnaste gion, bem cho? Gera: mamaste casmesh-bhi. mat ch. tw me kem cho? Resists maid. aka thang bac poe che Gx: tetinya jlo, Rast: time pan jajo. chlo ae. ao Gr avo, Raw: Hello Giaben, how are you? Gis: Hello Rameshbha. 'm OK: How ere you? Rawat: Fine. I's old these dvs Gra: Yes Please take care. Reese: You too. OK. Goodbye Grn Goodbye“ How to address people OX Plural Iiscostomary to addres all men as bal (other and all women bem (sisters Gitaben and Rameshbh. This does ot ply close rends or when an ede person i taking obo’ o i har todo Vocabulary 1 hi kar et do same kari ee we do 1 filarechheyoudo tame karo cho you do namaste bello (i, Vow thangi(f) colt IIL tekarechhe hit oss to are che they do downto you) ‘bab very uch ee tem bow why age fais 1 bes chi it ame bese ce we it sho ae she s IL besechhe you sit tame beso cho you st smajank OK, fin it infu) ys Ml tebe che heel sits toes ce they it cht am tabiyat (eat {see RI] fame yoo purl hee jtlinjo tke cae once pal) pap aso, bt en 5. The personal pronoun tame also used asan honorific! fra seal towns ae ody single person: ei the dnkgue a the begining of his lesson, today and tt come Gita and Ramesh adres ach other as tame {see RT] tomo sin) today al hilo ytre OK (it chlo 1.6 Tohelp with pronunciation words are divided by syllabic division tomorow oF walk For further drctions on leter sounds relr to the Indust. esterday) then) Grammatical notes 1.1m sentence formation the verb generally comes lat 1.2 There are thee genders: masculine feminine and newer (see RS} 1.3 There ae two numbers: singular and paral (see RO 14 Simple present tense (with personal pronous) he tobe Person Singular Plural 1 NB ehho Tam same chive we are Me ehbe you are me chho you are I twchhehe,she,itis tea ehhe they ate "Together witarme (we), Gujarati has anche form apy (we al), which includes al those present. English does not have an equivalent word 17 ‘Thank you’ is considered very formalin Gujarat andi rarely wed ‘in daily conversation, Insiad, gestures such as a smile ae ‘employed. The word Lb i generally used to thank people on formal occasions. Additional vocabulary farmi() bot ath ne po thot ismoc(as opposed to che is) Tie, fess Exercises 1 Fillin the blanks by translating the words in parentheses: @ (OK) ehh, 166 wv » (ha at page che Gina; ‘Tis iste drawing oom, The Kchn i next door, There ©) ola tre ovo rooms above (on he fron. Ravens Lovely 2 Translate into Gujarat: Gra Theres agorden tthe front and hee a open space at the bck (al The vegetables grow there (a) Howisste? Rest: How ne! You place ibe, {) Sheis OK. (©) Wis very cold ad {@) Wisnetrtosey. Vocabulary te) Tam working. () Shesi. a come al vere be st wt there 3. Recorrange the following words to make Gujarati hae) pose ut oven sentences: Khang 00m sha gets ecgo(m) room tel intiontot (0) che se parm eth Khang on) siting rom pha atte back {h) page ba fangl kal chine rmogiin) kitchen per stove, op © pane ert) town bom (@) ee ame larie sare texto fe) bese te che beaut nny (Mette kare be wo ow inet) spice tomb your The visitor PX Grammatical notes Ramesh get to Gis hous forthe first tine an 1.8 mills a case suffix meaning ‘in’: ¢.g. ghar-mil in the house. Gre: mamas ra:mesh bhi 40, be-s0, [see R18, R24] Rois! mamas git ben, cho! tem ghar sana ce. Gra: Wbe-fak khang che, baju-mi -so-€ che. w par 1.9 The second person singular ofthe presen lense isthe #00" ofthe pan be o-f8-0 che ‘verb ad, as with English, alo forms the imperative: Rew: va. Wad wcome Ww ‘comelyoucome Gra: Beal bg che ane p-chhal pay Khu jag che. oy bee tos bes sivy si shak-bhitj ge che, Adding vt the root for the ifinive (02 lesson 6) Rawisi: Sis tame arg sara che, (see RIT) Grn: Hello, Rameshbha. Welcome. Please tae # seat, 1.10 Word onder and expansion Rasen Hello, Gitaben, Wom! Your house is beautif ‘chhe this is* 4 ghar che, ‘This is a howe, {ar ghar che, This my house 41 artsa-ras ghar chhe. This my beautiful house Inthe above semences the order is subject, abject. verb. The pronouns and adjectives ae in agreement with the number and ender ofthe subject, house [see RI, R2] Exercises 4 Fillin the blanks by translating the words In parentheses: 4 mara __thouse) che. (nex) rasogs chhe. {atthe back) bag che (above) orf che. (Gelow hethak khang ehh. ajumk Gitchen) ihe: med ghar _—__(good) che. 5 Choose the appropriate form from the square brackets to ‘complete these sentences: (@) A be_ (rooms) che forgo, orga (b) a ghar saras (is fee, nati (© ibe, (welcome) [ao Avo. (@) rameshbhat (goodbye) 80,0}. (©) ame kam karie (are) [chhe, che). (tame beso (ate) ehh, cho} 6 Correct the mistakes in the following: (2) hi gharml chine (©) tame bethak Khangend chic. (©) tepenhalchhe. () shakonaiuge chho. ()_ tame pap jalan. (hi kare ce 1 7 Translate into Gujarat: (2) Raman is hee (by No this not the room, (6) Yes tis isthe kitchen. {ed} ‘The garden isin font ofthe house (e)Gitais notin the house (Ramesh sin the garden, 8 Match the following: a hie ame ho « shhe tame hha 9 Correct these sentences: (2) ghar tama che saras. (b) chhe upar orto be. ()_ shikai che ge pacha. (@) Ramesh che gharml. (e) thi andar Glen, (0) sk cthe tara. Script Many Indian languages are roted in Sanskrit, from which they drive words atd grammar. Writen Gujarati is a mosificaion ofthe Sanit seript (known as Deveagai Pronunciation in Gujarati corresponds closely to the writen feter (cole the many variations in English © the win "but and pu. “The simplest and most effective way to learn the Gujarati script is by ‘iviing it ico groups according to lenter shapes. We wil art wit he First three groupsGroup 1 ‘Additional vocabulary $d asin dat The body shavir § ke asinpickle {he sink vim) hai wn beck She Sinha Kapil o) forehead tered oe 6 12 (no equivalent in Ey bara-mar (7) eyebrow 10m) ler the oo equivalent in English See lotion rik) be ieee a Popchin) eyelid baal) sept ben) eyelash koi) chow cee me me hy Sa kan mar athe an —— —(oo-quivatent in English mim check tein fesse me asinmt ihm) sgutho(m) thumb Xmas inmig akin woh al () all % ha at inator sikh) tongue aemarfheg ) vai m0) oath in) veg mehan) head seal im) thik Group 3 brain ‘eh-gag nce face Pini) car 4 eee throat ae) sake hn asin sh veck peal) feel 4 yn asinges Chins beard etm) skin tha ainda much) moustache min) flesh chhatiy) chest hag-ka 0) tone 10 Practise writing th following words. You can check Irweday(n) heer omen) ocd their meaning inthe glossary atthe end ofthe book hepa (n) ng tedy ply sb use ka-dak gaph kaph hath et (n) stomach hak kath hak We can now combine eters rom groups and 2 mat nam man kaphan Diam pat a ‘Ad ial from all dee groups: Peleg kap pag bay ‘math ath tag2 dee wa India A Diva git for Mina ase Ct Yoon toy aby each tere : om gerd grt panne tid oan todas Study 50 he ofc il be At the post office ad sat 12 os of rot ne see arent tl be ening the house wil do the cleaning ofthe house|.and doing some gardening. There is 100 mach odo, uncle. sunesis OK Retha. Goodbye. In this teson you wl eam about: Rowiar —Gondbye, Sureshhaka { Fomatons mpl ture More intimate forms of address EX) 1 Possesive case sue (Egich 9) 1 Dayeet th woo Both because he isan elderly min and frend of Rekha athe, tis + Numbers 1-10 customary fer Sureshtote adresse eras ‘woe Eierly women are + Setetoroupe 4, Sand 6 ciesed as KK or mah, both transned 3 sie Atthe post office AM Vocabulary Suresh an elderly man. mees his fiend’stenage daughter Retha, atthe hart India pahGchshe will each post ofce paral (0) parcel Ophisi) office ‘oki am sending tle therelore Some hem che, kha? chhi(o) —mokalsend) We today Rex: oso, susesh-l-A8, Kem chho? & bisa prs molt iva fexival othe ele tomorrow hi. mine vl Be leh an pichho ain Somes Saas abe mokslish to move thie db shied imporant bar vige a 12 oblck PotOchshe sfigious co) sus: ha! je pct shave che ote O-pis ba ge Celebration for bandh close bh thse Hindus Jains aram(m) est Susie Kile ravi &lm-n0 divas, snd Sib. dlvasin) day Rea: sho Eri. ghari sap harsh, Bgl krish From Diva, shtme (ot) what. shod Kim che, ks meaning saphai() easing Sums Chile 1K, Boje lamps bigkam(n) pardons | Rewer: Bvsjosuresbkb, nero ait sh ch ; saras good ktm) uncle sed in Susie Howare you, Retha? ‘moje bhge ost probably Bono poral Rexx: Oh Sureaaka, how are you? Iam sending hs parcel to sudhimi until form)Grammatical notes ‘Simple future tense 2A kar todo Person Singular Plural I kavrish kar-shiskarshi un kevrich karsho aM kar-she arse Person ‘Singular Plaral ' ish + Fahnsht 0 rsh Fsbo uw she she Cr root ofthe ve) Possessive case suffix: -no, -ni, -nii, -na, -n& {see R16) 22 Thiscase suffix changes according tothe umber and gender ofthe object: Aivaline tahevts festival (mse) in bet ain ss) Aivaling gharegi oman (ass) Aivaling divaso days (mp) dlivaind kamo works tn The Feminine plural takes the same form as the singular, 3. ivan’ Dhef. The use ofthis ase isthe equivalent ofan apostrophe (3) in English, meaning “of. {see RI, R23} Exercises 1 Translate into Gujarati: (@) Thisisa git, (6) Tao gardening {) He wil reach Birmingham tomorrow: (a) Today is Monday. fe), Suleman will goto Ind, (0) Reb i inthe bose. 2. Match the following: rain rat tahev ack hod 3 Fillin the blanks by translating the words in parentheses: (a) ramest (health saras che () chalotyare, (goodbye) © (Givi gucden) pool ue che () rama (at eight cock) pahOetshe (@) Aptrsal (tomorrow) karin (O) Ajeamzan dai (tidy) che 4 Correct the mistakes in the following sentence (a) hem che ggthen? (©) alvaino he ehho? (6) _parsal moklichhe? () saras vi 5. Write the verb kh (to at) in the future tense in all three persons, singular and plural. 6 Choose the correct words from the parentheses: (a) hit majam (hhaeie) (b)_(eekhanifrekhand) ghar saras che (©). Gureshno/sureshal) Akh bandh chine (@) 4 hilanashilani hath che fe) ke ravivte(hasherhash0) (0) Christmas he ming (na/i/na) hase7 Recarrange the following words to make Gujeratl sentences: (a) thangi pagshe kale (©) mokla england parcel chi (6) im che karie ame (4). saphii gharni rtm chhe kare (e) che kam ghapd divajink () karish baa, Atthe fruit shop AY Rekha goet to Magonbhais shop to buy some fait Rena em magan-bht sh 0 che? Macasonas, S-vo res-ben, a ke-i-o&jej ai chhe, sephijan pup uj ce Ren ceahsh mith che? Macasama —ta-dan mihi be. j-ne a-karna kat ka? Rev ‘ard Ka-K8 je-vi to mi ibh che, sh bhay che? Marcas pg. sitter pens Rex hu mO-ghi, be to ss-4 maf ce Macssonar: 1 th pyjo bas? be pad &-p0? Renan ne ok pl bas, ba-ri-bar ok-sho. Macasona: hi bij0 Ka? Ren 1 ij ba-dh to che. avo, Macasamar: avi. Rec Hello, Maganbai. Which (its) ave fresh today? Macias, Welcome, ReMlaben. These mangoes are fresh (have Just arrived. Apples are aio fresh Reva ‘Ave these grapes sweet? Macasmuat: Ofcourse. As sweet as sugar cubes. Ret Your tongue is ike sugar cubes. What's the price? Macias: Seventy pence a pound. Re Thar’s expensive [livery cosy]. 1S. cheaper cliewhere, Macaveuas: Then pay (give) me stty pence, OK? Shall gve you wo pounds? et Oh, no. One pound is enough, Weigh it corrects Macsvar: Yes Anything else? ests No. have everthing, Goodbye. Macavonar: Goodbye. Vocabulary pha fet stkar sugar Khris shopping hatha pieces kin shop bay ate kent mango snd-zhi only, expensive sepharjan apple sastl cheap d@rthsh apes bacrtsbar — propedy ia fresh correctly sith sweet ok weigh Colloquial notes 2.3. The aloguesin his lesson are more colloquia and informal than those in lesson 1. The customer, Rekha, and the shopkeeper, Magan, know esch other quite Wel. A phase hike sMkarn atk (pieces of sugar, meaning very sweet) as Been used to make the dialogue more natural, In normal dialogue the verb is sometimes ‘omited, eg. bahu mOghi(chhe) and ek pg bas (ee). Exercises Pair off the words on the right with the appropriate ones (on the left: hal ‘rthsh ay smOghi slter pens seal sasth ‘hangs ‘ta28 9 List the following fruts in order of size (see the glossary {or the meaning): eri rash natyer——_tarbuch 10 Which are the odd words in the following? (2) sapharjan agen veka ramesh ()ravivir——shanivar soma Shaka (bag thang dun ghar 11 Read the following passage carefully and answer these ‘questions: (2) Whois going to Leicester? When? (©) What wil they doin Leicester? (©) What will ey doin Biemingha? Pestanji ane Vipinbhai kale Leicester Jashe. Dukinml ashe ane -knarii karshe. Birmingham pap jashe ane Ramagbbaine malshe. 12 (a) mithi means ‘sweet’ Find out from the glossary the words for salty, bitter, sour, hot () keri means ‘mango: Find out the words for apple, ‘orange, melon, lemon. 13 Filln the blanks using the appropriate verbal form: na kale save (ut nasto (Gar). pachhi bahar Gam ayeshtben p (@s)- ame phil Go)-maja____ (pag). Script Group 4 2 asinburer e dha (6 euivaent in English) as in ick asin burn sin hak asin vege (equivalent in English) Group 6 2 rw asinash a in ppon a sha asin sh “The pronunciation of in group 3 and 2in this group ste same, although writen diferent in differen words. 14 Write the following words and pronounce them loudly at ka-pay gpa ma 15. Nowtoformadditionalwords we can combine eters from ‘groupe 1-5(1-3 rom the first esson and 4and5 from this one). oo makh 2 a as lag sms aha we lay wen be aa t et vetan sa ‘hal ae bal 16 Now combine letters from all ix groups to form more words. (Check the glossary for meanings.) aa ras wee seephar see sors be-raph va aa raemat30 17 Solve the following puzzles: [Ra] = sims sins z 7 fa] a fice of cree Additional vocabulary ‘Numbers 1-20 1 a un agiytr 2 be 2 bar 3 trap 8 ter 4 char 4 chaud 5 ich 5 andar 6 hha 6 so 7 at 0 sattar 8 ah 18 agar 9 nav 6 ons 0 das 20 vs Days of the week Monday Fray shukravar ‘Tuesday Saturday shanivar Wednesday Sunday ravivar ‘Thursday Fruit and nuts bedi) smond gest) melon se-phar-jan in) apple mo-sam-bi(n) orange jared spicot——shlng () peanuts 3 unana snasin) pineapple Kejo(n cashew nurs pleat (n) pistachio Khasjor() date pomegranate angir) fig keismis (7) raisin shi) grapes ‘kh-rot(”) ‘walout ‘iim-phal n) suave tar-buch (x) watermelon hei mango Time pa moment si evening sekand if) second ath-va-g-yB(n) week micnit() minute akheva-giyu (m) fortnight Iakm) hour mahi-no(m) month asim day year ra) nigh full moon dy sevir()—— moening ro moon day bapor() noon Asking and telling the time eglt vigya che? What time isi? ek va-gyo che {ts one otek be vi-gyt che its two clock trap viegyh chhe its thee oclock bar vacgyt the its welveoelock ‘vag means to strike sa-vB means uarer pat one’ but i lo used as quarter paste stevie quarter past vo, saovttrap quarter past hee, te ‘Hq i sed for alps." e.g sta tag hall pest thee; Sea char hal-pst four, et, (Do nr use the combination sa-aek or sgt bess Gira has the separate words doh, meaning hal-past one and ahi meaning ‘al-past two") pop means three-quarters’ ad is wsed fr ‘quarter 10.8 poo bbe quarer to ‘wor pol tran quarer to thee, et (Another peculiarity isthe use of po-go for quarter... to one’ eather than po-pt ek)2 3 waudd sea shoppin end hen 0 fora meal athe Mand enki What? Mandir? The temple? Which temple? qyorrd eusivid Rarseni var Mowat too mary queen Len, Mandi te name of vegetarian restaurant and they make good food there. Planning a shopping tri Rink: How foris i? ee eee Rk: Ohitsjustnearthe station. We wil dour shopping in Onford Eating out in a Gujarati vegetarian Sovet nd the go there an restaurant Vocabulary tn this lesson you wil erm about ‘+ Nogatve formations in present ae uti tases coat come on lit, etl bow many 5 Farm aieion valk) savil im) question i eas saber) ity a» sve {The sro four moe lessons owe pee S a Pahel fist vie near thogi abit ace on Planning a shopping trip BZ See wt there iam cat what wo gis: Rina and Rta, plana shopping rip flowed by dinner ata ican whose sam) mame resturant = which Jamapin) eal om ‘igon puch sk Rent “ sha tien Rent _ ' Rink oct mandi josh Ret shi? mandien? ko-nd) mandir? kaya dharani Grammatical notes che? Rink: fila ck the kel avo pu chsh? bal eam Asking questions ShEAd-hacrirestocant che, ss joan Re che. oe Ricki kellie? : 341 You can see from the dialogue that there are wo Ways of ashing Kasia se josh Tacha” Tainan Rok: Where re you song, Rts? ae Re: Todhecn, Woatd refi vo come wih me? 32 Orb wsing the inerropative pronouns or aijeeives. These works Rok Of cose! Come on, Firs we wil do some Chrismas fall nt ewo categories, variables and invariable. The variables3 ‘ange acconlng to number and gender. Te invarables thee name indicates, always remain the same 33. Variables (@) Which kayo kat hese kay (nse) seinen) inp) &) What sho shisha at mse) sehplinsg) (mp) (amply (©) How muchimany keflo Kept kepl8 KecM ket (mse) seins) tmp (apt) (2) What ype of kee kext Kev Kev kev (msg) Csipdinse) (mpl) np 34 Invarabies ‘ot whee ten why how ow to ignre ‘hee tree} Examples (@) ako rasto (msg) he? Which tis road? ska baju (fs) che? ‘Which side this? 1 kay ktm (sg) che? What work shi? (it, Which is this work?) {1 ka-y8 maps (mp) chhe? ‘Who ae these men? (li. Which ae these men”) kay ghar (1) chhe? ‘Which are these houses? (©) sho Dhay (rs) chine? ‘What isthe ae? Shi vat (fg) che? What ste stony? shit kam (3) che? What isthe work? st bh (mp) che? What are the rates? ——_ sha kt-mo (n pce? ‘What are the jobs toe done? (What work re there?) ()_ eto og) jose chibe? How much flour do you need? ef ve (3g) thashe? How much time wll tke? ef 10 mo-f8 maka (rs) chhe? ow big isthe house? et 0-48 (np che? How many eoms are there? ef ft (np) che? How many tes are there? (a) ke-vo mapas (or ) che? What ype of man is he? e-v avn-vaf-ni gha-g-y a] ) che? What typeof wate sit? evi km (5) che? What ype of work i i een ras. (np bacnav che? ‘What typeof roads (do) they build? ‘kev ho (np) we chhe? What ype of tres are growing? Exercises 1. Pair off the words in column & with those In column B, ‘checking the meanings In the glossary. A 8 ‘saras be shaher aur shakahari eam pse Ihara aval snsahe & java36 2 Which are the odd words out inthe following: @) abel —pachhi sate shaher (©) thoga— ghap)—vadhtredharm (e) kop stbha} kaya has 3 Translate into Guja Wher are you going, Ramesh? sit very fr Is just near Vitoria will do my shopping there 4 Correct ine following: ‘Aka-yo ghar chhe? pensino shi DhAY che? ripio nik nin chhe pag Akh mojo chhe. ti avd che? 5 Make the appropriate re-arrangements of the following words to make Gujarat! sentences: (a) ehhe shahernd kaya? (b) Karis divin’ Khari thogi (©) che mandir dharmnii kay (4) Wie chal pall shahermf, © Pose the questions to these answers: (@) abi jamap ape che, (b) rita chhe, (©) prakish, gia ane bhanu sth (@)__gharthinishal dur chhe, ave che, Eating out in a vegetarian restaurant EX Rina and Rita have done thei shopping and ae now in the restaurant Risk: hom Hs, kei arg che? Reh: seach. -ne Dhami chi- em W-ge che Reh: h.san-i pun Dhiratiy che a-vishanarni SHB v-ge che 37 esi he-m bach sa-majti nati o-ho, 8 to gan che ro Atha, shak, a-thol, chaf 0, thn, sasmo-s, ane m-h-i-md sh-khsng pan che Rewk: —bar-ar jam. Bi thE) magi chhe. bist Ki joie che? Rook te 8j vadbi-ce che. bash Khut she pag nai ink: Well, Rita, how do you Tike the place? Ria: ‘1s very god I feels like India Rink Ofcourse. Even the muses Indian. tris Revishankar's star Rak) Ido now much about muse. Wow! Chapat lentil soup, rice. vegeables, pulses, chunes, sola, poles, samosas. And there is even shithand as a sweet. vk: Eat wel 1 asted fr the full Thal Do you want anything le? Rr: No Even this 10 much cant etal this Vocabulary ery) place itn) salad with jitge asi yoghurt Daten Indian thse (2) pickle Bharat Inia) —mifhai yf) sweet (ie. ny sittr() stringed ‘sweet dish) instrument shikhang (m) a sweet made ve pay (musical from youhur, instrument sugar and baba much Arie fruits doe follow Dbartbar properly rath ot skh ful hago ich magii asked for roi () Indian bred, bya anything ese hapa it. second ani soup made from something) renis joie want brat im) sce radhare much more ‘hk (a) vezetables knugx@ tof chatpi() spicy hot paste, Kaho (n) pulses chutneyGrammatical notes ‘Negation in present and future tenses ‘3S In the presen tense the negation is shown by changing the ver ‘the (s) (© math (is not. Buc the important ference between the owo consrctons is that ehh changes into forms ike chi, chi, while math remains the same Person Singular Plural Person Singular Plural 1 hlehha ame chhie 1 hiinathi ame nathi Miche ta-mechho I tinathi tame nathi IL echhe te-ochhe Il tenathi te-one-thi ‘36 Inthe future tense the nezation s sown by ang the word nach tothe future for. Person Singur Plural I hi ho-sh _me-horishWha-shit W iho-khneshe — tameha-sho ML tehashe teohashe Perron Singular Plurat 1 ubodshnahl ame ha-shifho-ishi na-hT 0 tGho-ishiha-shena-Ml tame hisho na-hl MI tehashena-hl — te-ohashe nahh Exercises 7 Re-arrange the following into four groups of four words connected by meaning: rot byt boat ochhish —sangit sh sitar krish abit an kon sak —_— ‘8. Fillin the blanks by translating the words in parentheses: sssureshn___(house) che. em (six) orga che, fale yf rekha wll ome). ek of India) che, panne bahar (wll go) ane (shopping) karshe Translate into Gujarat Ge) Tiisis a good house {) Will you come with Rajesh? (6) Lill aoe go 1 London (a) Wheres the oom? 10 Change the following into negative sentences: (a) _suleman paisa che, (0) kale avis (@) raha gharmf che. () teokaleshaberm toshe. 11 Correct the following passage: is emf samajt nat che. ghagt magas avi che kale kop av sho Khabar. ae chhokra pap jis, 12. Write short dialogue in Gujarat on a visit to@ restaurant. Script For those sounds thit have a0 equivalent in English Uisten to the «asset for the comect pronunciation, Group 7 6 da (ao equivalent in English) ugha (asinghostydha asin tus © cha asinchurch 6 i asin 13 Write and then pronounce the following words (the letters are all from groups 1-7). The meanings can be found in the ‘glossary. as ghan—dhan—chhat yal od ghar vadh kas Group 8 © ja—_proncunced like Ge in German There ae no oter eter shapes similar to in Gujrat 114 White and then pronounce the folowing words: phar ind Spherion bia ay sash jam co) Go wie glossary for he meanings Group 9 2m asingog % eGo eulvalent in Engin) % Jha (ooequvaent in English) cha asinvoucter asin 15 Write and pronounce the following words: pag rach gh a Group 10 6.8 Basin pt rhe diference between @ and @ existe in the script only. The pronunciation is the same ‘ow we can combine all he eters from groups 1-100 make some new ‘word oe wpe Gs G-chak a uth Gras kad a wn Ga uta Guz war Gla Gas ghd Additional vocabulary ‘Numbers 21-40 21 ekevs 31 eaters 2 bes 32 bats 23 tevie 3 tetris 4 cho-vis 3 choses 25 paehis 35 phtris 26 chhavenis, 36 chha-tris 27 aatettvevis 37 seateris 28 agnvis «3K aati 2 ogaptris 30 ts ‘0 ‘You wil notice that the ending -vis meaning 20) is comman to al the numbers from 21 (928, wit the exception of 25 ¢pachi) tris (20) 5 common tall the numbers fro 311038, and including 3. Food Kho-ttk sha (pf) wheat roth y)——chapas hoskham pl) rice ay ules soup) aah) pulse bat (n) cooked vice makbi() com shak(n) vegetablesag. Seg gue eae 4 2aaiani aaella ‘ka-tho] (n) pulse rice and pulse. i: 7 ta Ba eal susie grt tae oil together ‘Telephone conversation Bi) iiebner kahit ant fmikhag (n)—buter ram flour eae mm con mecnuitgy etary cay iano e saben pale anim ie tune Tei eeon you wil er abou dium) itinerary) gp oie on trp nares ae ie 1 bamtaha icant vee 1 -ne ef ao 1 Aajecwes: varable and invarabhe + doing vowels ané consonants Telephone conversation AX [ain Patel is having a telephone conversation with his female Pend Naina Shah Nac: hell ma-n Rae Kho divas kya? mE wk di- vas phon kay pan jo-v-baj ma mayo Norsk ello navin gai leh ma-md-e ty st. pan mE je tan phon kayo tye pan ghar-md na hat. Ne-wne a bi pa-chbi ba-emd en.yo, Khai kav boa} {emo ne gherr-te mo-go yo, Nava: ‘oho! shi kha dy0? [Nac KS i na be Khamis, be pun, hathu-mBl a-ne moi Tedhd, sat ane soe hath bald b-jemd ‘man-i che ele ba-dhe sel che che. Narn sah! oh pa jabs, hoje Naw ae Navies Hell, Naina, Where were you esterday? I phoned several tine bt there was no rept awk: Hello, Navin. was at mama's (maternal uncle's) placeyesterday. When phoned you inthe evening ou were not ‘at home either, News Well went the markt and some shopping also ate ‘ut and got home late Nawk: see, What dd ou buy? News: Oh nothing im particular, Two shirts and some trousers, handkerchiefs and socks: They were good and cheap. With this recession there are sales everywhere Person Singular Plarat ' Masculine hichi-yo seme ehaya Feminine my same ehelyl Neuter flys ame chi lyf " 18 ety (mn, 8 ctl (), a Ae ehilyo (on te eaBl (fe Isee RIS] wank: Noha cae nya spine mt 42 Yorcuan teen rm mee mete Vocabulary respectively. site it at itive verbs a thy amg nowadays, atthe intransitive ver s ons nen 43 tne ves dom eq a dnt jos Fatty wed a oo Wanita teh oh a edu Cn oh brother) hasten nowadays (same ‘the same rule applies as with chal above, So this first group of mo Renee Sn le eg Newer Fae on * 4.4. The verb bes (to sit) is changed to beth in the past tense and only Grammatical notes beth ee Past tense ddd rather than the past tense suffix -y: hat, hat, ha, er 4:1. Unlike the simple present and simple future tenses the verbal forms, 446 The verb tha (to become! changes to tha and then the past tense ‘in he past change according tothe gender ofthe subject. chal to walk sui -}- andthe relevant gender suffices are ade: thay. thas (and nor tha, thay etAll these verbs are intransitive, ie. they do not requite a direct, ject in the sentence Transitive verbs 47 Transitive verbs, which do roqire a dict object, have an audtonal feature inthe past tense, The subject also undergoes a ‘change inthe ending and itis the number and gender of the ‘objet that determines the verb, nt the subject, rE koto morkyo 1 pute coat mE opi imoki— Iputthe cap mE khan mucky I pot he hin 448 Changing the subject's gender or number makes no difference in the ver eration, 49 Transitive vers also affect the personal pronouns Person Singular Plural t InbecomesmE acme remains the sae u tMbecomest® tame remains the same Tt tebecomes eo becomes temepete-oe 4.10 Nouns used as subjects intransive verbs add the sui inthe pasttense;e. ‘nai kg (in ackhyo, Navin wrote eter ‘nase ka-ga im) vBechyo. Naina rea the leter. 4.11 Some ofthe most common tansive verbs ar: KA (dt, p (rik) ta (tt), eh (read), (see), ka (2), do (ash), mak (pup give), eae) 4.12 The verbs Kha and pi take nd not -y- sufi inthe past lense, before te umber and gender suits added, Ashes are transitive verbs they agree withthe object and nt te sujet, anf tno ) Wht Tat ls sm Ing¥8 (pA. lads o sm ro (fg) Khai. Tate a chapat Ink rof-li-o (fp) khB-dh. te chaps anf atht-ni (x5) Khddha Tate pickle mmf a-tha-pl (np) Kad ate pickles 413 The verbisnotafecied if you change the personal pronouns mi to 8, tame, or proper nouns ike mavine of nainge 414 The past tense fr pis conjugate in he same way: pdho, abl, pd ee Exercises 1 Change the following sentences into the past tense: (i) hae lan-gan-ml ehh, (0) (@ ktle o shank ashe (6) tasmberi pase pabstchhe, (@)_se-tish la-tt-ne gher phon kar-she (@) rebemin ane sarki‘ stthe Dha-pe che, (9) stsbman chop-gi-o kha-rid-she. 2 Fillin the blanks with appropriate words: ele revi-vae is (chet). gai kale (Saturey (adh-virsha-ni-vae) hao, Avatl Kise som-vAr (will be) (ho-shia-she). ej hi bahar (wil go) —__ Ga-shalsh ba hi-eaj will ex) (Gam shivjo-mish). 3 Transiate into Gujarat: (a) purchased a pair of socks (©) phoned you yesteray, (6) William went to Abmedabad (4) Reshma studied Gujarat in Indi (6) She will write eter. (0) ae vegetables and ic.4 Re-arrange the following to make Gujarat sentences: (2) chba ha ka-ra kam gha-pa. (©) nathi ps ka-ga etami-ri. (o) ile Kha chika salem saras () Rvish (yf mare kie 8? fe) 2vitybresu-re-kbt hi na ghar-ml ha-to. (0 Jamyo pa-chhi no-ka-rekap-fl dho-yh te. 5 Pair off the appropria column B. words in column A with those in 4 a a hams va divas paftun i nara harm bate 6 Invent simple telephone conversation in Gujarati (about six exchanges) inviting a trend for dinner. 7 Correct the following passage: ta-mema- Khai kar she Bv-tikt-e B-ve che? haba: jarml ja-sho, pach ne si-the ja-my. maa pa-dy. Ataclothes shop E&I Nina goes to clothe shop pU-KAWOAR namaste ben. do. Nan ravmas-te Bhd. ham-n to tm du-ke-n sel che, nal? Rai nav chhe DuwANoR ‘RAB navi sg chhe, ute, esti fi, le-s:tO-tanmi badha san-go-md che. didn pan navi ee: wacko Svonnaen: Naina Sworn: Nana Shorea Naw Snorer Naa Shooter: Naa sta. mate roj-8 vap-Bsh mdf Y--kO-80 jo i+ ee pan babu mO-ghi na Aju, Kl} ml 3990, sv navi i280 che ang pa ma-B-nd che ‘pana. a-chha gut bi angi nahi 8-40 ba dba ghE-13 che, ‘rho! tam-ned-chho avl-bi rang game che. en togha-ni diza.inchte. phoola-ne pan ket sundae la-gechhe, pot pan savas eho ha macne pap &s- gai pan soln BBs ap sho-ne? ‘sre hen 0 tad dan a-vo ml ce. sn sB--0 10 eld vicbhigemil cbhe, pun ame das fk valtar [Epish,ghe-kono santosh ej miro muderlekh te hale, 8-0, Hello, Welcome. Hello. There isa sale on in our shop isn't there? Have you anything new? Yes, madam, There are some new sarees, They are available in cotton, si tersene and ercoton in all ‘colours. Even the desis are new Excellent I want something in terycottan for daity ts, but not 0 expensive. Have a look at these. They have just arrived. The designs are completely new and the colours are evel. Yes, but havent you gor something im Hight pink? These are very dark colours. (Oh, se. You want light pink. We have many designs in that colour. This one with flowers and leaves i becutfil. The texture ofthe clth i excelent Yes prefer his, Bu I would ike ia ale price, Mada. thsi mew line, The sarees on sale are in the other section. Bu I wil give you a1 per cent discount, Customers satisfaction is our moto (OK. Give me this one °Vocabulary nav new sche Heh sutrfa made of cotion ght ark (sularcoton) —qulabi pink reshmi rade of silk phool ower (resham stk) pan leaves ter tenene ot texture ferikofan ——weryeaton ami "ikea (gam tke) rang colour ity rae iasin design taddan completely, rojnt vaprash for daily use ‘otal mage that 9) aly percent vaprish use concession mate foe customer mOghi costly expensive sstisaction mat ‘goods OK, all ight ayo. reesived moto (avcome) Ise! ay completely, oh dear! toaly shopkeeper majina vey, (uktn stop) ‘enchanting Colloquial notes 4.15 Notice that the shopkeeper as tothe word hl. This is the polite form ands also used a show respect forthe elder ce hose ‘who are especially revered mitts mother pias father oe ing shat the godess Sita 4.16 Thesultix-neafterap-sho emphasizes the request Its colloguat and mainly wed in the fue tense to make a polite request. sin 8 Jushorne. Would you please go. kar-shone, Would you plese do Je-sho-ne, Will you please take it. 4417 However the ne sux is more fequenly used a case suffix to xpress the te form: taneam-ne 10 you to Naina tome [see R18, R20} Grammatical notes The adjectives 418 The adjectives nao (new), mOgho (cost), ma-j-no (goo, ho light in colour, ghEFo srk in color), hago (much) ate all variable and the ending changes acording wo the number and ender of the qualifier nnasvomal (mse) new goods navi stgi(fse) new saree need ki-pag (sg) new cloth navi kap-Gl(n pl) now clthes 4.19 Adjectives tke saras (ery good) and sun-dar (beautiful ae Invariables and so can be used for all numbers and genders without changing. For convenience, they are marked a (x) of (Gn imtbe glossary athe end of the book, [see R10] Exercises 8 Translate into English: risamas pa-chi-no sel kvl sha-rutha-she gha-eina-v Ihashe.pa-chis faAd va}-tar maf-she. gay var-se pay sel ha-to pa52 emf valtar o-chhO ha-t to pag kho-ri-di va-dbu hat. & var-se ‘mani chhe e-elo-ko Kha-rid-ttna-th, 9. Weite six Gujarati sentences about what you will do tomorrow. 10 Re-arrange the following into four groups of four words ‘connected by meaning: ant reshmi divas, —upar terikOfan ashe ferilin jase aj sul savtr yo a niche gayo wh 11 Change the following as indicated: (2) masne # rang gam-to n-th (affirmative) (b) je bajar sel che. (negative) (©) Anal-nand ghar hata (future) na-vinba-har ja-myo. (ure) si du-kan he (question) (0) durkanedacre i- vech, (presen) 12. Write full answers to the questions below after reading the passage which follows: (2) viphae konne sth (b) anne ky ga? (c) sha mate reb-man-ne ty gay (4) tem-ge rebmitn-ne shi apy? Hah? vspin sje ghergu-yo.sar-lf-ne t-te i-dhi.baa-ne rm yh. rohaman mide hat tei kh pachhi ban-ne gheray8, 13 Use the following verbs in the past tense in all persons, genders and numbers: kar Kha jo uth bes Script ajar vowels re shown by the ation of signs abo, below, before jar otter the consonants The ten Gaara vowel sigs are Loon co vot For example ke 4 ake na Bow & aw wl 4 3 ake Doe 8 ow 8 a ke a hook Foam kha koa hi at xh kn he na Kho how am Sian for aclization ai eu fam The tadional onder ofthe alphabet wed in Gujrat ditionares largely Follows the Sanskrit alphabet. Vowels: a 666 AAA ad at ai Consonants swan ae 4 2s saw a ue ua ue am aeaa awa sa14 Copy the following sentences as neatly 2s possible: (a) es, HEL BE, ARH HSL 22H, ss, ua t 2h, Sue Ss Bue, WHA HLH. a 0 $0088 8. afeard en dad. edd car aud ae 8. nq dy ad 9 aU na i928, Additional vocabulary rang Colours rang red rangi yellow jam bie kep seen sovnesrs Ps pink ehE-ro se-phedidho-l whive hho fterbo-gie violet Coours purple black ‘golden dark Tien 5 Wards Balt UR Finding your way to the station Atthe station In this lesson you wil learn about Tho thee sinie tenses (revision) ‘Asking and ecaiving directions & Dupieatve toms Infor emphasis 1 Personal ronoune wth sutines “The conjunet ecrptiesson) Numbers 61-100 and beyond Finding your way to the station BX) Jenny. an American tourist, asks a young woman, Vata. for directions tothe sat ve mph karjo ben, pan ste-shan-no as kayo che? Seacth: ahh sh jarsho efle che ras ashe, oy B-b Hija vai j-sho. pach tho chal sho ee jam-t ti jiurematni me: dan de-S-she e me-dn pu hy cle pi chbl chi as she. yd rato o-fng-so a ne jm-ni baju josho, seme seshan che, a tu dur chhe? bas mab-she? aewrR: nis lk plese, bas mash pap vr gs. ek bas hard gai em Em. to poche s-dha,pa-chhi Bb BE-ju ne pa-chhi jam-ni biju, basa-bar? Mesias tome icrshae yd r-Rhy@ B00 se tr, ben, Be.a Sow Excuse me, bus whick rad do Fate for the station? Vana: Go straight ahead until you reach the crossroads then ‘we tet. Walk a title way and you will find a big playground onthe right, At the end ofthe laveround you wil find another crossroads. Go straight across and ure ‘right and waika litle further. You wil see the station just ses ‘nis very far? Can Hake o bus? Vasttk: Oh, mo. t's quite near. Yow cam get abs but it wil whe time. You have ust missed one [it one bus has just lef Sov 1 se, S01 frst go straight ahead, then sak the eft and then the riht Vastra: Yes, thar’ righ lt. you have remembered correc Goody. Seow Thanks. Goodbye, Vocabulary mph karjo excusme ——rasmatin playground aslo road mein (rasmat play) sabe straight dekhtshe —willsee er rasta crossroads prt complete lic four pghb® again roads) orang. cross debibaja — onthe let var lig-she wil ake time Wc Weft side) hacrBbar OK Jampi baju ontherieht gad remember Alt ight sidey abba thank you Grammatical notes Duplicative forms ‘S11 Gujarati contains a peculiarity that has to be leamed, I is the repetition or addition of words, This odd form sometimes ‘supplements the cxginal meaning sometimes is used for emphasis —— ————— 9 ann even occasionally changes the meaning altogether. team bean ‘echo’ worl, or ita bea seemingly meaningless word although ‘wih similar sound wo the original), even a ferent word with an extended meaning In the dialogue later inthis lesson you wil find the sentence jy? Literally: Here what what (you) saw? Meaning: How many (places) di you see? In the same dialogue isthe sentence tit ky mashe? meaning “Where wil et the icket? Ifyou duplicate the word kyl to form ‘iki yl kyl mafshe i means From how many places will (be abe to) get he ticker” These dplicatve forms wil be discussed further as they arisen the following lessons. {see R38] ‘52 Notice the us of jain ps) and ham. (When attached toa ‘word the finals dropped.) The word pase means nea but when {nis added it means ery near or jus near. amp means now tut the aition of ja tums iio ust now sharsnd chk, 1am st home (it. Ham in the home). ‘na ghar-mj chi am deity at home te ghar nati He is defintely not at home. {A Xha-nis du-kan-mKj ma she(You) wll Fndthisshirtonly in this shop ‘53 youchangethe position of ain asentencethen the emphasis. and thus the meaning lso changes: ‘A ras-to Kha-rab che. This ia bad rou. {A rasto khasrib chhe. Only this oad is bad (whereas ohery ane go). BF ras-oj kha-rth che. I is only the road which is bad implying the cars good). ‘a rasto kha-raba) che, This road is particularly bad (and ter may be bet),‘2 ras-tokha-rb ch} This oad i undue bad (whatever us een said wo the contrary. 54 Thosiressonthe above sentences i aiayson the word to which a is added, Exercises 1. Pair off the words in column A with the appropriate ones {in column B, having regard to gender and number: A a mote ras-to mss) heat phason pd) sno Daher (fp) set sti (/ss) schha ‘men ing) kei ran-go pl) 2. Someone asks you the way to the shopping centre. Using the following words write five sentences giving him/her sidha da-bijam-gi parchhi 9 Translate into Engle som-vinre sje hi bachte niyo tyre var-std na hat, ¢ha-gi pay Dacha a hat ras-tt-nl ban-ne bac saras jb hal, Wb gha-9 ‘hi-yo.pa-chl ek ja-g8-¢ KO-phipl-dhi,pa-chho pha-ryoty-re rit: ‘nt nay vty hat 4. Make sense ofthe following by re-arranging the words: ect jeshd bette ban-ne?ap-ne soe jsut eho pay? aes Ky ect ju? een josh mabe fp-ne or pap loko gha-na a-she 198 Meck jeg to chhe kevi? mandir. vo phar ow Bl che suas shan ane jg chlo 5 Using the past tense, describe in five sentences your Visit to a restaurant. 6 Fillin the blanks by translating the words in parentheses: fo) 8 (ene) vtk-yast (Whee) Buta he. (o) toma phar-th man-die how mich) dur ehhe? (©) __ —(on the lel) vafshe ete ste-shan de-Kha-she. (@) PAI O-phis (where) che? © va bas (fom where) mashe? 7 Correct the mistakes in the following passage: ni-r p-se ghar cho hr pl-se ghar na-thi cho, hikes a. shit ste-shan ga-y thi? gigi mo-go chhe ne bas vache che, seme bessh Atthe station O) lenny reaches the station and asks for further directions wn ph ka jo Bhai, va-dod-- iit ky mab she. Coseneat: mane khi-har nah ben, pag 8 seme tkit-b--0 che 1 puchh-sho to vad nt i-inr Ko- ‘pan baday-she om bhale, abba. Urn sekiebari- pase jay che] ‘ph azo ben, va-dod 8 ti ky mal she? sexs che nam-bar-i a-ipar. ave parde-hi eb? re ‘bb a-mert-kan chia, sexe cm, sa-rs, ch sh sh o-y0? an Id a-me-rckat si-dh iti Si thi aga, ba rave pach eh amv avi, ek thE iy ure pats pach dak-ship that jai sa fio desh s-raschhe tame maf pag. she. pur ‘va rnepash-chim bhat-at pag na chuk-sho. avo. ve chokekas. ahr. BjJeo Excuse me. Where can I get. tok for Baroda? Cnmiseats 1 dont know, but can you see those ticket windows? Jus go and ask. Someone wil tell youl anyone wil show vou) Sow Right. Thanks. lUenny goes tthe ticket windows} Excuse me. Where can I get ike for Baroda? Saxina ‘A window 4. Are you a foreigner? os Yes. Pm American (h, ow nice! typzal Gujarati response] Where have you been n Indi? lt What places have you een?) Je came siaight to Delhi Then 1 ent 10 Agra and Haradvar and then came hereto Almedabd. will be travelling around Gujarat fora week and ten go south Sona ur country is beaut. You wll enjoy it here, Dont _miss the easter and western puts of India. Goodbye eon Certainly. Thanks, Goodbye. Vocabulary Athi dost know attar orth (Khabar news) dak-ship south anybody. pura cast stow Pash-chim west foreigner desh country athevi-di-ya week chk miss phar move chokckas ——centinly Grammatical notes Personal pronouns ‘The personal pronouns ake case suixes ora in English, change form completely. Here they are in all hee persons and numbers 85 iI (Gest person singular) i Kam kar chk. am dong the work ‘mane kim f-po. Give me work iB 1 (used in past tense for transiive vrs: see lesson 4) sm kam kar-yB. | di the work re by me {Fim mre kae-v8-nd che? Is this work 1 be done by me? marth by me (in passive vice) ‘mibrf-thi kam tha-she na-Hk. The work will not be done by {A mer kim che. This is my work ‘l-reanl shi Khia che? Does the ful ie in me? 5.6 ame we (fist person plural) ‘eae is the pra frm of hand al the above Follow she same smth, amir and rule; ame, am-ne, ame, mere, maremd, 8.7 you (second person singulr) Following the rle the second person singular, becomes tne, th, tore, teri, rd, ream, $8 tasme you (second person plural) The second person plural tae, follows the ame pater tht for the fst person pla: tamene, teme, tame, tama (hi, tomb, tomer ‘59 te he, she, i (hid person singular) ‘te kam ka-re che Helsefit is doing the work teome oho, her i teene el &-po Give himberit work tee he, she, it (sed inte pas tense for wansitve verb: see lesson 4) te-ge km ary, Hesholit did the work teemdsthi by hi, her, i inte passive voice) {e-nb-thi kei tha-she na-hl. The work will aot be done by 6im, hei seen his, hers, ts 1 te-l-Kam che. This work sheers (This isis wor ecnaend inh, her it tesndeal shi khitnichhe? What fut is inherit? $410 to sey (itd person plural) teorkii kav {em-ne ham po. Give the work to them, temne they (used in ast ens fr tase vers) termepe kam kar-y They did the work fem-nashi by them (inthe passive voice) term-nd-thi tl tha-she na-hl. The work will nore done by hh. They are doing the work them, lemni their ‘8 temnd km chhe. This i their work tema in thers ‘emt shi kht-mi chhe? What fault les in them? [sce RB, RS} Personal pronouns with suffixes Singular 1 hb mane mbrEthh mro(n) mitrimk mk 1) Comey thyme) mbedy) nme) ty mah) (for wanstive my) vet inthe st ese) Heh tne thetthi tenon) tr yen doyou) yon) teak) ting00) ou) tert foe anstive pest teed I te tene tenth teno(m) teak toe e, Goh by hin tem g) Gini’ ow) he, ert) hein eal) For waste io wiser verte in ihe Plural Lame am-ve amirEshl emtro(m) ombetnll sme fs) ous) thyus) amet) ews) (we) emit for tansive (out ees inthe past (oo sang) (oo) (oyu) hy yo) tem ()—Ginyou) (900) tamer (n) foe tanstve no change) Ul teo teone! teeth teo-no/ tool tee (ey) temene tenth temno in) tem-abomll tem-96 othem) (bythem) teed ntham) hey) tem) (lr watsive eon! sect inthe teen (n) past tense) Exercises 8 Re-arrange the following in four groups of four words ‘connected by meaning: utter shana ty por-va bes chil plch —dak-ship abt tte pashchim nay9 Translate into Gujarat (a) dont know whether dere satin toy (©) Where an I get some good shirts? (©) Iwill se beaut places inthis county (@) There are good playgrounds in Britain {e) My food was good bu the coffee was wery bad (Do you have moch ran here? 10 Find the odd word in each group: (hath pag nak (b) roti divas} (© Wile mma tan (@) boy phut-bOI bot-she 11 Change the following sentences as indicated: (2) mesdan-no ras-toka-yo h-she? (past) (b) sehbah chr ras-n keN dur chhe? (tre) (©) Rie gtd bandh hati. (eesen) (@) i som-va-re jas ehh (neptive) (6) rasto ofan da-bi baju naja-sh, (affirmative) 12 Using the simple future tense, describe what you would do it you won @ large sum of money. 13. Without referring o the glossary, lst all the Interrogative words you have learned and make sentences ‘using each of them. Script Conjunets The joining of two consonants in Gujarat is achieved in various ways, 1 As previously mentioned, the Gujarat script is derived from the Devnagar script, in which there ae two lees which, although they appear be individual, are infact conjunets, The Gujarati sripe as tained both these eters. They ae: isha ena “The frst eter, is made up of the two consonants Ka and sha. The second isa combination of ga and ma. 1 In English the complete eters ar always used even when the sounds fun intone another: for example, the ltrs and inthe wor pened {do noc change even though together they frm a cloea-finked sound In ‘Gujarat, however, the sound created by their conjunction i elected in te writen word, withthe fst ler losing hats shape The word pens (the sare in Gujarat as in English i writen AFA. ‘You will se thet thas ot its like shape before joining with Allthose letters which contain thst shape lose it before joining to anther full eter, Therefore, removing from * leaves ~ And similarly: a3 4 + woe a 2 a 8 a . aoe a t rs a = woo a ° 3. The remaining twelve letters ofthe alphabet ar: Orne es eters \Watn he exception of, @ and, the lees fllow a imple rue always write them as closet one another as possible: aka asa chhydst int aajhyo vaya wthyo dy verdhyo phi65 4 When 2,4, $ and ae involved in conjunctions the eters repeated, slighy male, underneath tse: fap 8 ath ated ugedaryan Gaut had-dbo aa 5 & combines in different ways with diferent eters: teu dasye = @ eg Bit vidya bea dasve = 6 cg Rett vidvan ee desde & ce OEM uddam C+ dasdhe = ¢ cg. Ga udaher The sign known as khogo is writen underneath € when it join with the remainder ofthe lees. 8. bem oe ans ga das gha el ce woe 6 The lence joins in the folowing ways: GeO ud-gam Geuizrtud-ghi-fan eu aan ha tye ha ma woe anes sid, dtchyo ‘wiser beth-map With ll other leer the Khogo sign suse. 17 Thete ae atleast six ways of joining the al eter: © (2) A. sign under the eter represents hal 2m eg am (0) A signis added in the following way: isha gma cg. AMS grthake pre eg URL pravvesh 5 ha eg, be eet (c) When ther sounds lke ru a signs sed under the feter prothat here Yop cg el aku ce gh (ay When teh used Retcen wo consonant * {rep is writen above the following ter: sign known silicic ashir-vad wh harm (ey When & joins with 2 itis writen 25 a she oy shram, Soin with 4 iti writen Bae kop aa wis Some ofthese conjunets appear only infrequently the eters you will ome across mare often and lean gradually. Additional vocabulary Numbers 41-100 and above aL ete sl ekesath 42 bets 62 basath 43 testis 63 tesah 46 humans 66 chosath 45 plethis 65 plbsath 26 che tells 66 hash a7 67 sagesuth a 68 ag-sath 19° o-gun-pachas @ 50 pas 70 51 ektvan n 52, bhevan n 53 tepan B St chopan 78 chuam-moster 55 pan-chi-van 75 pan-cho-ter 56 chhap-pan 16 ehhO-ter 37 sattnvan 1 sktoter $8 athu-van 8 bthoter 59 o-gapstth 1B oganE-sh re) Bahskys 9) eke agp 204 Saviet Seasons and weather 82 bytahi 22 kee $3 tryesti 93 thes few wee sotume a winter aera can orca = ST cies $5 panchyishh 95 pancho cael samme 8 chhytshi 96 ST satyhshi ” “ aaa amospters RE in 88 abthykshi 98 suit imate at storm 8 nevytshh “ foe wee wind 0 ne 100 Bowe tow aud sunshine ‘oo we oo caso an fnes vy ane 200 beso 700 sats0 ae S00 tapso 300 athso 00 charso 900 nao 500 pce 1.000 hase ‘With the exception of 200 (bao), the hundreds are formed in the same sway as English with ek, be, tran cle. placed before so (hundred). Other examples: 1.240 ek haar ba-sochiis 21399 trap hace trag-o nay-v-90 Directions uttar (oor) vaya A shan Gaorhves) wi (nceh-east) pash-chim — pura, aru ai Gouth-wes) (southeastScript revision ‘The purpose of tis lesson isto look back over what we ave learned bout the script. Th examples given wll ls contain sew grammatical ‘onsuctons whch will be explained fll in future chapters. The main ‘bjetve isto familiarize youself wi the leer shapes and vowel signs. Repeated practice of these examples will facilitate reading in the Toeticoming lessons, The examples ae divided into vowel groups and are intraduced in a rade way. Group A contains only the vowel, while group B as 24, Esch new group will include those vowels aleady studied, eg. in addition othe reduction of new vowels group D wl also contain thoxe from groups A, B and C. This system is designed to help you proceed cessily and systematically As Indian names ae likely to be unfamiliar o some stadens there fellows alist of al the proper nouns contained in this lesson: Magan, Nayan, Akbar, Kanak, Amar, Manhar, Ratan, Lat, Mahmad, Rama, Ramap, Mami, Ram, Ni, Vijay, Sarit, Nir, Ramgik; Panam, Suleman, Anuradha, Bhairav, Kailas, Kanayall, Shailesh heel, Saiyad, Chala, Gar Group All sentences inthis proupare made of word containing the vowel a3 1 wetan 3, ‘ma-gun vajan har, Magan, weigh this, et aR RH AOL, ‘n-yan srs ga-ram mag jam Naya, at ood ft mong (et), 3 mye RH HH OH, ‘kbar siras racmat ram, Akbar, play good game, 4 seus wot ue a a wa ‘ka-nak pay par ta-at ma-tem ghas. Kanak, ub the oiatment on your leg icy ne | 5 aR ae s+mar saras bag. Amaru wel 6 HRW UL snan-har chi rackam ak. Man, di writes som, 7 eae a rasta harap gap Rata, count the dee. Group B This group hasa +a, + 3 bury am HA YOU aj raja kl pag raj Today isa holiday, tomorrow is also a holiday 4a 6x our US A, Ja-tn da] bhat pa-pag kh ‘Lata eat dl (lentil soup) rice and a papadam, 3 MGHE CAH ae, smah-mad da-gam iv, Maha, bring s pomesranate, 4 moat, sn jb84 par chad. Rar, cls (on) dhe wee Semone HO 82 rama ba-ri-bar kam kar. Ram, do your work propel 6 seat wer wee ws. martd ma-rd bath pasa. Mama, hold my hands 7 a wea 9 ta. "im ha-rag pte ga-y Ram went after the der Group C ‘Tis group ha the additonal vowels 16,6, 1 A eft BBe au, ii basal AI Ap, Nii, eve (me) the bus cet2 afare au Rea eva ea, shsni-virtvtha racer raj divas ‘Satuday and Sunday are holidays 3 Reruns, Viday 8. Vijay, come in. 4 ae Rater a, su-rhts hist gap. Sarita, do (i, coun) the accounts Sasa a8 20 va, shikai na-di A-gal ha-, The hunters were near the iver 6 Braud Reus ae vat. 1 vi-chrsB-cha hat Nira’ thinking was comet. 7 els Sun ess ramegik yal na parkag. Ramaik, do oc pick up (atch) the worm, Group D “Together withthe previous vowels this group contains w 6, 4. 1 yr Gued wot aa, ppu-nam u-par-thi kha-mis Iv Panam, bing the shit rom upstairs 2 yd ssa ga Hee wat, pu-ng-thikacke-nd ku-sha so-mi-chtr hat, ‘There was news fom Poona that uncle was well 3 lout aa ay Ge Silesmn sackint-neviedhu dudh na 8p. Suleman dono ive anymore milk 0 Sai 4 ota gt 24a hae tr kara ath Basking dows do nt ie sua Hd Guat ate ta-bi-yat mi-fe up-vs Fasting i god fo (your bal 6 gendl Guus 82. drt poh kar. Use natura me 7 eg aly aa 42. se-risdhd wa-dhu Sram kar, Anuradha rest (some) more Group E The vowels € and al ave added. 1 deal 838 a8. ‘Dhair-vi ek keri leche, Bhairavi takes a mango, ara Rare 8D. haicts vite ka-re ele Kalas is thinking 3 Re Ae ca ad. ‘aid vaste da-vl spe che. “The doctor is ging medicine Vas 4 eae B Bea Beas waa {ard ce ee klk ma pape. [As is ning, some (people) may ot ome 5 Fae yea aid 3. Karnaly¥al muri vege ce, Kanye pays the Mate 6 wR 2A dea RSL WA, Lae shablsh ace shin a.me--k ashe Shailesh and Shela wil ew America omer 7 Aust Beis taewmt 2 3, sai-yad-ne sits na-valka-tha ga-me chhe, Saiyad tikes historical novels Group F This group deals with 0 au, a2, 38,2, 1 ouead Grama a wei act de 8, Dhicratno shi. {ine tao gha-po stcras hoy che. India's winter sunshine is very nice™ 2 ABA eat eS heat onane ov. Torte sb-the ll chavs bach gx Chala went outwith Roi. 3 unas yaa, op nak jor Khas thay ‘The Pope was deliged tse the ship 4 ee aia uf oud, aemarofethi pai gaye, Amar fl fom the verandah Ss er aat oud wierd We Sa va 1i-le ma-r¥ mo-{i-bhu-i nty-gac-no doh jo-va jashe My elder brother wil goto see Nagar Fills tomorrow. 6 ude vA de WA BF ‘nhl nad sucthi mo-ichhe? Is the Nil the biggest iver? 7 ARAL ae Ald ued. nur sanras gto gly che Gaur sings beautiful songs Group G Nasaicaton, indicated in the Kalish ansteraton by the sign“. is Shown ne Gujarat seri by * ove the relevant es. 1 Bia se oy ag a, . sme) relative last i ul a Beal 3 open HaRxous ead ur cousin sisters oad sister wie: AA. 2H Bal Aw, afd BAA ae Al BY, veL soofdaughien 268, yA son fast ae Beast a BH 8? Asa, yal caughter coud Sor-indaw has wag eneas ais aga? sud wang Bsa aHea 4,484 daughter-in-law a step-father, Ud an dl dhe UL aiid ae BEI. Gea, out father ‘mother, ete.) alta: cat dl on Gah, aay Faotaet aut alse B M2 WA alle at fuherintaw aj el wife fame aq 245, ae ula, a2 ‘husband moll wite of maternal ata: ‘uot 2anaen asuTans (Be dh Sha 45 DE all Ase] wae wat husband of ‘uncle un af el, - x ‘materal sunt — 546 wife of paternal sais Raat 2a eg well A Rat ul AS, pu ash of wel Mtge SALE aD. ease dal 8B. ‘patemal aunt at wife's brother aif: testa? 92. Aa asp ame mouse ewe tl, vad ‘maternal aunt ae wifes sister et: ag, A Hau wl sa eof au oD, ‘Au; fort Shela coming today? Matsa: No. She's sick. Bipinbhat wil bering ws for geographyAum: 13e Wel we have English, maths and science to. bat do oH know if we have history and ping tole) oF Maan: tacoma yo {Hacems youve lot our timetable apa Tak hs op. 1 havea spree Andee tafe Wehave games nai Awe: Thaw Tat wl be nc. Ms Sinton ia god echr and ie song Iie ma sence atthe Sctence teacher Mr Sti 50 strict and V havent done my homework vn Amur: I dont find sence diffe A cat As a mater of foc ike the subject a lon fat Vk Mrsna: Engh is my sujet. Hove reading novels. ‘Auer: Novels? Oh a! Idan’ was tine with nove Mest: Wel. youd beter hep quiet abo tha. Her comes our English teacher Vocabulary ii sie C : fst teacher (female sie th may ene faa mathemati tint ame thematics aS timetable Game see ae cus vae tne Ge history WS Ataf ost GEM, scoermty ae g0F expt sate a Painting ag ditfiul se out subjet ames eat homework fas tesher male) aaa pov Grammatical notes Compound verbs BA (2) Gujarat has {2 Gujrat bas te eculiaity of combining two verbs which sally form an emily differen third meaning: fr example, the ‘verb ME means fall and means go. However, the compound verb Wil 24, combined with WiGi (sick) meas ‘s sik’. The closes sesemblance is the English ‘fallen sik sflanidt nei ull ai B, Sheela is sick (by The verb Ot means Tose, A meats throw’ but when these to are combined, US At, the meaning sos! () The ver aU means preserve’, BL means ‘hep’ but together, 4 24, they mean Keep it sie (d) The verb 24a means ‘ome’ WL means "go The compound Sel tai (tis the pst tense ft) means came’ Similarly. sed after verbs ike Ws, ot (HSL a0, oS) does or have the ‘meaning ‘0 It just adda Sense of urgency or immediacy 10 the meaning ofthe fist verb: ager 2 US on, Eat the apple immediatly ‘ueniel -udl at, Get out ofthe house atl at, Take the medicine [see R26) ‘Note tht the fv verb in this 1 generally past tense with ending: eg WA, vid, aed, 8, et, Postpositions 82 83 In English, words lke ‘under, ‘lor’ etc. are prepositions coming before the word they gover: eg. ‘under the table In Gujarati they ae called postpostions because they are placed afer the word they govern: 244 ol Posipostons follow a noun or oaoun and show its eationship swith another word ina sentence ote 24 aDUAL 8. The book is under the able ‘These pospositions can be broadly classified secording 1 ‘meaning 2s given teow.900 Place and direction 84 see im, sate (ou, (nen, 648 above), A (Deon), 428 (Getwcen, ee. denote place or diveton axe sis fins. There sno escherin tecas sual sell ae Me students are or ofthe eesoom aia at Fae Fa B. Thee ia beak bemoon he saths and science lessons Time $5 ula before, WA (ater, U3 (efor), te, denote ime oF sequence: sabe vd at aud. Meer ative before Amit lt wel Fat B. The science lesson safer maths, Instrumentality 86 (oy, 26d heough, te eno insrumentaly ie ate ey Amit wrote by hand ‘S120 WU Ret Hie, Send the application trough me 87a excep, a, Fate (withoud ete denote the absence of « person or thing; hea 21g 25 ana withouo Sheela sell. No one is coming excep dt Comparison $8 seal (compared to), He (equal 1 HES (lite) show a comparison between people or things bs 101 —E———EEEE Mat 524i alas. Amit is older sa lt 10) Moe, st 9 21012. They are equal 0 each other ie. equally ood) atthe job Purpose 89° MB (fon, Mute (Fon ete. show purpose: ou alll @e ai® 542 8. This Diva git is for you ‘There ae some case suffixes which are used in plac of certzin ostpsiions cxtstell 204 S21 8. Ram solder thon (li elder to) Laxman aee sea 204 HB. Ram solder han Laxman, afta ween eel 2¥62 Sheela isnt in the Howse, Postposiions are writen as a separate word while suffixes become pat of the word they influence {see R30] Exercises 1 Translate into Gujarat: (0) vas sick yesterday, (©) ke musi. (6) Thave lost my pen. (Dot propedy () Meera lst he book. 2 Fill in the blanks with appropriate postpositions: Bet —__ cane Fea AA wa Aer 2 aa wee {in sua. Gell hore) a 8, aie sad A, He Beall on gi ae, eal we = toean dl, AAT ud en aed in) Go ag aA yc eo,02 103 ed Ma: Mowwameagdud, . Bias MEL at Ga ae oat a a A HALE WS (2) Sau ais wi vas sey aah io) Awol segue os) ae: rd udev aur lg alent B.A aos 96 A aoe os (© iia artes fa sa Et ark we a 2 64) avd aut __ alt igh ta si: AA vat 6 stall eal ye als te 3 fe) wale aa genial pay) Mae Bae Guat Ball gat a aA a a ienceemmentmae eta! ‘wes Sheelben hase’ rived et She sl seems be sik Pye ; a , Meta: Yes Mymother wen tose her his morning and told me she sd tag 92 ed a am? ca aml? ge ee da? peel flo gga ae. at 97 eal eu BY au eo e204 Aue: ‘Tsftuiseverwere in Europe A lof peoplearesafering nol wiht tan ede eed tos na: When ou have flour ods fet dried and you have no errant rare ba headache and your (b) ado is a, fr Yao wus ine (0) aa we wl 2 A 5, sons Andalite ds vai yon ean ne ey eae dl a ee ur Av Instead of reser geo Mizex: The problemi that evervone want instant rele 5 Mako sentences using the following compound verbs: ‘Aver, Thad American fend who gormatori whl avling i 7 Inia: He was at lack sare SiGe eed Muces: Youknowmy fiend Lisa who went to Bamibay? She had aoe larhova and nstead of sein the county al she sa W08 ies Si the inside ofa hospital! vice Sickness ERY Aun: Pve had a lot of rouble with my stomach since yesterday Meena; Wellton fora day orto and yu bal ight! Amit and Meera ae casing their eacher's sickness abies en alana saa, ged 8 3 Vocabulary ada at au pl dd wore sae sy al 26 BA fee CHR eel 6 8 og a aa easy ee inet mies rae Su end eye ALD, HN LA AML US wali cold Misnis jst soe sin) fever als diarioca ada: dnd eAld ude dg Read we 0 vate alba ¥ etal 4, Beard ee ® is danes Gua fast fein as da edle gh gg, A Gece vs vas a la Nia) te ftom exing) hy om painkillers (i MAA willbecared tas sed aes a6 ane seg ¥ 92d. ‘tual gat pain auat cpidenic aifia: ee Neal Moa MA Got EmUe cally an, Suppressors) ale rouble108 Grammatical and colloquial notes or a3 aus ‘wa2 means ews: Whon it combines with the verb $8 (ring ut it means going to see someone who i unwell ‘The verb 2a means ‘come’, but when used with le (Fever it ‘means the person concerned i suffering from fever. 4aatis ‘coughing’, tis teat: Words ike cough, sneeze, yawn ae always followed by the verb A Gea we B. He is coughing Aisle WUD." He is sneezing A eougj we BH is yawning ‘The verb St means to pull hough, $48 means Yo extract: When used as compound verb it implies reluctance and means have or'pass Grea ell ste (have a fast Raed Oa sa ass the day (inthe sense of hanging on ‘orenduring until bee Himes) al st aso as the simple mesning of ‘pull oa: 612 GA sil, molar tooth was extracted, ple, 421 Gal suri inom was pled out 4g SL seg. A soot was pled out Gender 86 a7 In Gujarati every noun has gender. In many words gender is revealed by the end vowel Nouns ending in -o are fequently masculine: wud AR bboy horse (m) dom) stable shoulder “Those ending in are frequonly feminine: oud Ninel ga il honed) OB) nger rile 105 419 Those ending in ar frequently neuter: see ah chil horse og door—_‘feather Canspecitid) 4420 Ther aren Firm rules eth respect ote above: Chand) masculine. 2% ongue) is feminine and ANN «Forehead is ewe, all ending in - However 821. Namesof dversare always feminine: 96 166, Ry, FREED, 822 Namesofciiesand lakes ar always nee: Past, 6, au, 23 Names of countries, mountain and oceans are masculine: RA suGeat, Goa, Us 824 tn some cases the sutfx & used to show size, The ending -0 indicates bige and ani ending “smaller: #122 is a big room fd 222 smal oom: 48 sa big spoon and HA small spoon 828 ‘There are some wouds which ae expressed in ovo genders (dca) an be either masculine o feminine; 4 (morning) can bE Feminine or neater, M24 (expense canbe masculine or nstr. 826 Words borrowed from English also tke on gender, which does rot exist in the orginal: 2F4R4 is masculine; is fein: Baas cuter. [sce RS] Exercises 7. Which is the odd word inthe following columns? ee ee a Cc (wad Rafa us at © wad ae RA a, Gyan chit Gua a4 Re-arrange the following sentences to make sense: co) Qi azanend H&E 0) wwe uel al Fete su fe) se udl Fase wid Ad @ a8 Waa dade car e) Aoi 8 oui ac O48 B we, 9 In five sentences tell your doctor about an iliness you have had. 10 Change the following sentences as indicated: (a) A.A si 288 8. negation) () a oe WA ol Bute) (eo) WA RAR WS dL de. presens (0) 9 HAL (past) Ce) abe ou 4 el, atfirmaton) 11 Pair the opposites: A e ay ay 4 * Hig wig aa oe a sea 12, Read the passage and answor the questions that follow: sages win A ea, abo al, a4 ag 8, ste sal ROU He (0) Recvig ull aj? tb) ah ag og? © war (gous Fee sare 928? (ey haa @ a8 sal sal? Gord soe ssa 6.20 ae oud ga, on 13. Find out genders of all words in exercise 7 and use them in different sentences. Additional vocabulary wicsls mnesses aedliy cold AA aan) maiaia seafrata ()—consipaton En) eases Guay coueh ea mmeicine 2 (mpl) dares autuill ()—migrine Baim) dyestery Gud) nausea stim) fever fad (om pin usr bradache aa, Paralysis sadiiny ween activ hearatack cae surge cine eal im) Bm) aber ‘xem indigestion 1079 wrvrvaroll waif orl aii alu George Bernard Shaw Hobbies In this lesson you wi learn about ‘© Comparative and supertaive degrees ‘+ Some important prelixes and suis « Inteectons: words expressing suprise, sorrow, ete + Adverbe # Some more coloquial forms suvewauell ould ois el Ready-witted Shaw ORY soil er a ts mle zante wa, Aa wore ya ga, Bsa pe Asatte large elo SPspee an etl Aa oD eget He A ge BMhaag gu ae all 4 dace ae a saa Ha eh Hate USL eee ARLE MEN HE ee HE saad a?” Sell deel WA AG ea TA wa a! George Bernard Shaw was famous dramatist He was alo quickwited Once he received alter froma woman known for her beauty. of which ‘she was vers proud nthe letter she propoved marrage. suggesting that With her beouty and Shaw's ineligence any offipring would have the atribwes ofboth parents ‘But’ Shaw immediately responded, ‘suppose the child has my looks and your brains" He didnot hear fom the woman again. ——_____—_—_— 18 Vocabulary sera quickewived 2a in) pride B3GUE—proposal Grammatical notes Degrees of comparison 9A In English a in Sanskrit, there are comparative and superlative depres. expressedbysuties ike er and es wise, wiser Wises? and in Sanskrit tara and ama). ‘The literary Gujarat uses more words bortowed from Sanskit, but in colloquial spezch these are easly used, Its much more ‘ommon for words like 2a and suffixes like Mi andl to be employed sido a eel deste B. shaw was tne best deamatise writing in English, oat get 43D. 1 The Shaw beter than Tse, Glan yaej Nee B. Neto’ tei the higes in London, 92 Although land Mi appear inthe above examples. they ae not used exclusively to show the superlative or comparative: § 5 880 8 Ase, wi sae from New York coda -{ H2ul ef. amin the hous. See 75 in Leson 7 9.3. Similarly, in adition tits use asx comparative, $2Ai can sso be Used as the ast tense, Feminine or neuter, of ka (odo) and an adverb Comparative: 24 4t4at saa iat ea, Ram was olderthan Laxman, Superlative: seat 204 Met Ga, Ram ws the ees rother Verbs eis sea They were working Adverts so eal sai Alls, He fell down while working. ‘Asis seen from the lst example, epetition i fequeny used for emphasis [see RII]Some important suffixes and prefixes 94 a ie ttl eu bawy By ding ine sufi native ts convened no a noun, waa pure waa pari sada independent daL_—independence “The -S@ ee sfx denotes ‘one who does’ easke —one who pants, 2 puimer (Ft pitng) BR one who fells sloies, a storyteller (6aU sory, generally religious) suusie one who does ar an ants 44 at) {see R32] “The H- (ae) prefix expresses negation, absence or ack of eRe immodesty BBM scarcity Bede improper (ee modesty) (Ge abundance) (ou proper) The 4: (ap. prefix means both no and ba AEE disrepute or bad epate (ALA reputation) Brugen—bad omen (st omen) The BR, (i) prefix means without Gaba ies, dead (9a life Grok fearless cot fear Exercises 1 Combine sentences A and B with appropriate conjunctions: Go) A Aal aal ay mold B Stall did aj gut vd. Oo) Aare ae sued, Bau as 4st HA, fo Aas, Baad wa tau a, 2. Use the following constructions in your own sentences: e.g. wie al 2g a at HE, @ a a © wi va 3 Use tj (any) in the following sentences, remembering that it changes according to number and gender: eg. st (m 3g) 4k eed, (at fp tse. oy 04 (nL @ ee fp AE Gd) ata gg) et LB. 4 Insert the appropriate verb forms inthe following paragraph: 2 sa Gods aust aut__ tay), outa sear A on il da)? a2 ME G HO Become avid ig, wk ew ous 5 Find the odd word out in each of the following: fe) qu deen ea to aa oan aaa (ses “a va sues @ a ofa a aa © 8 sean d a 6 Pairoff opposite words from each column and use them {inton different sentences:ne o we sea ala staee ae Fea we sell nae eet 7 Describe in five sentences the places worth visiting in ‘your city, using comparative and euperiative degrees. aim Hobbies ERS Sita and Ramesh ore cscusing hobbies with eachother al: ad eos, AE eRe: adh, ek Alu, see sai Gus? Mu: Gawain arial a ge aba aa dad. ai etl? saz Gor sella? wal tary agi wed ue we $4 a! ahaa: ames 58 ML eae wel ct te al ea. Bas Ad ann a aloe A aa ay A, 3 ABIL Sg HF nea ated sea dh ata: Soot zs Gusia Ba oe BP BeBe og 9D. ead? ts WA. zdl ot tea, AG te A. geile HS ae A ag BF dl we oe BA Bd, ea ded. Re: tL at All ge a B. we ut at ous Scud won ais 8, all? Aer Rew rti a seaa. aA en Ba: ASM af B.varnus se Gad all a clo Ay wa suet, Aa: sae. Sis: Hello Ramesbha. How are vou? Rawesis Hello Sitaben, What are you upto so early? Sir: Drecemty started musi clases. Io every Saturday moting Why dor you come? 113 sc Musicand don’ geton The neighbours would eave home Tied w sng! sox: Yo joking. few dae ago I heard ou singing on sae ans Tht was in play and what you heard wasn me as a recording and wes jst mining 10 sir: ‘What hobbies doy hae apart from acting? func Ilite ere very much What about you? Sent dortmuch ike sports altho might occasionally watch @ foal mach on television. {hear your younger ser taller poste stomps owes Yez Ml ieee abou stamps, Bu your elder brothers st ct mod about photography. sirx: ohie doesn do i a 4 hobby any more, He is now a essa est: Gondor him. Any sory wo healed so much yu be tae for yur cas ser oso sw OK Goodbye, Vocabulary Som obby sazsimn) play Haldin)— muse Bay pane al (my eighbour awa sue ens (joke waa ag enoy an nad asd join alae om) ating aim spe Grammatical notes Interjections 99 Words ike adh, 983, BU UH expres surprise oH, 2d, Alapad, 8 aA Aud a tl, Sita! Sony, Haida See you. oho Feiner il surprise) 2A, A UA BT Oh, sce So it’ Tike that! ‘132, Bead ul til, On God! That poor man has collapsed.6 (avrerre expresses sympathy a sadness) set, ea 4g 42 8 Of no! Ts Neel very i? (hy hay fsused only by women) Adverbs 9.10 Adverbs denote time, place, manne, degre, cause oF purpose, certainty, probability 2nd negation: shake 3. Today's ual eh 2g wh 3. stouend sai a it sed, ud 8. 8 ba Raat? GBB a2 12s Bg 1 Guat a, garner, 1 will certainly come. 2 504, Dan do this werk Note: “Scan aso be used 1 ak i it ot? trday, ‘The class opened recent Where are you going so ear? Iki us round the comer, Why don you jen? Sometimes go toa pay You wal slow ea seal sual ay ate AB, al? is beterto give han to ceive, isit no? {see R12] Duplicative form 9A 2824 the adjeative 224 means ow much, "how many eau wae st? wet Be Nove however that when the dupisive part 22, fxmed from thefintteolotersot eq, isadedtmans ho many vate for 50 many dekeai wae eked saa sa How many people willbe there? How (much) big is the house? somany houses so many typer of hobbies [see R34) 15 Colloquial notes 942 sai Gus? inerally means where stared butisused in the sense ‘of what are you upto”. When preceded by a2 (lites no) it means's0 eal’ 943 Aaiaudl wom a 9 ait 3. He’ just mad about photography sxeat wo A 9 aid D. Hes mad about Sata (ein ove, The same phrases ako used in Eneish 914 AS yj AL mel) Sometimes I wattlookise: Aiba axe AA AS ej MAL, Sometimes | might watch teevision. tn this example “Ag means Yo seewatehiok’, “tH means Yo throw’ and ML means ‘righveoret. When ll thee appear ‘ogetber te combination means ‘ight as wel see 95 gata AM sed cL lked too much): means oct and Ra. means "went and lt "alk togetbe they mes “went on taking. I-s0¢(work) is added © 8S and the compound word takes on the meaning of Joined uel st ltd, joined (stated) work day iter for the ise ime orn the sense of "ested 9.46 Incollqusl speech the ver is sometimes implied aL zs. (You mia have seen me in he play. 3 mu at oud Asus My elder brother’ «hobby is) Phoogrphy. § be 24 A pay evict and you? Exercises 8 Think of suitable adjectives to fill i the gaps, bearing in ‘mind that tere is more than one way of answering: da ag wim we cttw6 “7 9 Pair off appropriate words from the two columns, and 14 Choose the correct verbs from the parentheses. use them in ten sentences: ede ge (Ai, wl wee wb (DG) A 2 gatcsod a (GSUANAYD). wf send ag (AS vsMg), at whl mata 2d Rest ran (POU). ei 8 dl ai aa a Additional vocabulary aise aud ‘ius’ Professions 10 Arrange the following in order of size: we actor “E Inbourer wl AR ged Gee AN ewe “a actos ia lawyer Sat fologer gate agin 11 Translate Into English: on — sta roson gs ackamich gall lkman was is vio ae HAL RD. ease ws aD. xedail 2s pa) eae ae pemey ous B.A 2s AD. Beast A aD, Jeans A 20g +A. qa carpenter sider, amas professor seg cere fae sculptor 12 Re-errange the following dialogue to make sense: well cobber owas im singer zAGR cook sult) Meus dale oj He gf Sak aad kb om), dancer faa (m),—suder ass out ek? B ates sty) aula ada adda 8 Rae oad diamond em tile Bae: 9 bes nie ABA A Rae ‘ merchant ANB Om), teacher aus wait od? sale disse dsctr Gas) ass 2a tau at soa er easel washerwomany Adar iB eat ag sak fia farmer rman Fans: aad ae aura aia wie fisherman ud worker sae arener aus im, weve 19 What are the questions tothe following answers? ad polit aban wats journalist, @ ABA dma, (asa ad, Cd Hele dead 48. (Madd ad 8D, co) eit ated. (5 wag Frain wa,10 2mrilri -wrsiar sie WU Hera A holiday at Niagara Falls Importance of the mother tongue {mn this lesson you will learn about: ' Some more compound verbs * Plate ofEngiah oan words ‘+ Acive and passive voice Various moods Conjunct (ling words) Partpias ‘emvilai uu sie A holiday at Niagara Falls EY ue: We que: a equa: an ua 34 G1 967 eed a sal 6 ana? 8 a, 261 Fat Ua al et WoL a wa wea ull Sidhe, ARs sl sai al? ae ug Va reek wae Se ae Ra wad A 20 25 B word der 4, a al dnd a8 aly WA a6 dl, Sade. sized usec unl yun de ll ok os fed wa A ls aay vg 3 nad De aos AG a AMD AA. ak uy Bein geet yaa BP st A Stal Bra dius 8. Sees ut AB aaa as get 0 lg Wg eu Sag jee gg 3 a Bas, cused a. We Gg a A eens a ww aE -ell oa Woe ees a wi ge Gl asta tae 19 —_WT——— 8. Ragen Aa 2s Gus wd, ca snc ae ea a4 Sg OR a eo 8 ug a ao, ae ust ais Gon fo Wi Lexa: Hello. Jack Wher did you go fr the summer holidas? Tees‘ Leila We nen Ameri ih We ad a ood ine Lassa: Where dd om goin America? nex, Well lots of places, Jil wanted se Niagara Falls 0 we spent some tine ther. sux: Wht fie? war lt with coloured sptight The place was fall of rept. Lens: T remember reading tha here were boars placed rnd the Fale 0 visors an et a close lok Jor: Tha righ Jil was able ge to one despite the crowd Wekep paring mony intthemacine because wassich marvelous hing te Lea: Bsthere a place where ou can see the Fall clearly froma distance? dex: Ofeourse. ust oppste he Falster isthe Skyon Toner 16 500 high We took a ft 19 the top. Ht realy was @ swondefl siht. . Ls: You mate if sound very tempting. Fay g0 mel Ne Vocabulary 2044 wonderfol aaa sono A Bi ituminsed rangement as) crows ; one eeuin) ene saa cut Gm) waterfall a the top lt op sift Gover toe last) geal) inoue self Beast (mci999 Grammatical notes Compound verbs 10.1 fl ou5 means fallen the verb 4S means fall. The second verb inthiscompoonds 48th pst ens. einin singular ors of a 2€4 0 gon Inconrasto Engh its pot ony nga Tai € Girt bu sto ming revening. Tis cmpoundcan so be y i joined by the auxiliay verb dell, the past tense feminine of is i: toon = i 1 4 means ‘came out beauty: BN means to appear S 5 i beutiful and ego getup. Osis past tenets person a a rid fee sgl form, Tiscompoind cin so ejonedby he Ps 2 auiliary al past tence feminine singular form of a q | ‘et jeune peter ate nea wlcheor'and fe if E i A toute: ste patene nee sinlarof¥g. Nowihat I F c a the fistverbinthcompoundverbsis erry in hepatene, is i | Snag nel cy memes . ao i w aq ii el a th Auxiliary verbs 3 rE . 3 | i wy 2 E 10.2 ad wal (wanted 10 ee), 24g ve looked like) are all examples rade HD =F a | Of paste fms of an compe the se ote man PEASE PY z | verb wens cit bi te 2! | Uni oO 4 ' i Plural of English words used in Gujarati ah ‘ 33 It Hae 2 achieved bythe Gujarat suffix 20 (of HG 3 ay BO abe igh) aa aye 2 #2 ag 34 choo) yeh i 5 as a3 Been Ha 29) 82 did | Beeain at § $32 os f20) | | remain te same in singular and pura 8 282 2 oo baoo aay ‘suey seaopuy, ea qUON, 2snoq] uowuay, SALI Aas Olds: artaoas1Ln0¥ NVIONS Avahd. — Heisoteel, audi vo 6a sl, Cur thisstring 10 inches fone. J28400q 4N0 wio4y s0pI) Active and passive voice tod a Russa wel am We are prtng coins oto the machine. seal aa ae 0 B. “The coins are put nto the machine byw sn 10001 AN “The fis sentence is nthe ative frm, where the subject 8 is antvely connected 10 the action of “puting In the second Sentence it isthe coins which ae important and the subject is passive HOA SON ANS UISE 2M 6? ‘ONISOGITNON ‘When the pasive voice s employed the verb changes: Active Passive aed ag a) ag aoe any eve ae some more examples: Ase RB, He is doing the work ous s04 52048. The work is done by him. ar sen aD. Rios writing alter. Alaris aout B.A teers being writen by Rit Inthe passive voice: the suffix thi is add to the subject « ys added to he verbal oot to () the sulix 4 (Hy) oF form a passive verb he int eter ofthe ver has an & welt changes 1 cg At: Similly a single-eter vesb with an 4 vowel changes 1 &, oImpersonal 105 There isa third construction in Gujarati which i impersonal and -nown as bhave prayor: ‘[email protected] is unable ro speak it. Speaking isnot possible for Janak) leis determined by the elation of the impersonal vee tothe der | Bad nual aud Las abet eat befor (lit, Previously i cating was possible by me). The sfx we in he passive oie continues ere, bu the suf gs aed othe verbal ot, at tg, aye {pee R38 RB) Colloquial notes 1046 1 eA! The word tll means no and 8 means thes. Used ‘ogethe, they become the exclamation ‘of cour 10.7 In the sentence OAS wa Beal ot the lst word Sl (va ‘would be omiued. The English wstslation is "The place was ‘overcrowded. Tis conicuction is used to express proportion, quantiy or ntensiy Gia war bea et How ta itwast 2M va eal Iewvasexemely col eet dre vat Beg G21. vioent wind, Inthese examples the omission a the verbs a, al, actly cmpasies the degree ofthe fet. 1038 6 means ‘othe lasvend bis wed in various ways 3 Bs Gua ud. We reached the top Gaani 3s Bek waves lst inthe queue perstern Hold tt he end bs aga sue. He has come fom London (Co Bombey) Gal he way’ fom London), 123 ABs au wane gill He nas inMoence as fr asthe aie 8 pris ier. Exercises 1 Translate the following into English: fo) (2s AR RARU ad O ddvaa en tea eed, jo) al dard aes 8? (a) gael gal Ge we Bou D. fey Gaza ie Gea meat fa BA a as 2 Correct the following passage: aotenwons ots G42 UA aajy A ma al ag, AA Soe a6 >i exude Bs au} ae, et eTBL2ad Sag ae, a a6 2x 3. Find the odd word out and use them in five diferent ‘sentences: fy wa aa a ug aud Hg nc rr | (a We ed Gee a wm ah 4. Change as directed: (raat ouze vat toctive vice) (0) Geussd wees ws G—igussve voice) fo Mls BHD (olurd (ay aroused ding {atfienation) f amaenedd pasties 5 Write a dialogue of six exchanges about a recent holiday. 6 Match the words in column A with those in column B:128 rd pets aat sing use, aR oe ae aera sell wugcuvuyj ra The importance of the mother tongue EX agen ud WR pretend soe Seeny BAA wR UM eae pret eM yucca ise se A a Hea ALO sro Sea da. Sod SA ate AM Ua. stead a Raia wa a be eel A ee, Ba ae re Su aa tase A A OU HE, ELA vate ae sot aloud ah, eda oe Bea cet ee 3 sagoara OR. eae Hea Fae sal 3 een wBat dk vet alo 9 6a. (ate aide) When I realized that dure my stay in India T would have to work in Gujarat, 1 decided 1 lear Gujarati before going. At the time I was, Studying i Madras fora mathematic degree. All communication was in English. Lecwrers and students spoke English well. 1 noticed that although the sudets had a good grasp of Eni soon as they came ‘out of elas they communicated sith one another in ther sweet Tamil language. So 1 had the idea tha the veal work of education ls achieved through personal contact, gudance and fendship. and for his one needs to know the mother iongue ofthe students. From that moment I made he {fim decsion har whenever [went to Gujarat I would frst lear Gujarat. (Father Vallace) Vocabulary asetm decision aah y) education sxaste im) communication LEM personal SHANE im) lecturer aim contact 125 46 pwe sien) suidance ae Sweet Beam gy cndship ain Tamil one of -MegeHNA (mother tongue the South Indian 4 fem languages) PK) deision Grammatical notes Mood 10.9 Awd sugouna se sA6A“A mother tongues needed for that or Yor which a knowledge ofthe mother tngueis necessary’. This Iva sentence that expresses some duty or obligation. 1 isin potential mood. The verb OA shows the manner in which the Statements made. Other examples ae: 4 aa st seal ABEL. Everyone shold do good tus Advi wee 42 A. Por poole soul be hep. sa lag HEA. One sould speak the eth These sentences can be constructed without the auxiliary ver atthe end, but is use makes i an obligatory form. Conditional mood 1010 Agree wierd grat AMMA ¥ Se i. 1 happen 0 in Gujarat, 1 will go afer learning the Gujarati language Inceing' got Gujrat wl ist ar he language’ Here the mood is clearly contonal, governed by". the! ‘In Gujarati AG is sometimes dropped, the conditional nature of the sentence being undestod bythe we ofA the! Not: in English tithe reves, wif” earying the impor of the senence and hen frequently becoming redundant ‘Subjunctive 10.11 The subjunctive mood represents doubt, something that may oF1236 ‘may not occur. al acaste LOOM! 4 ELA, The whole dialogue might rote in English A ALB UG NE, The sun may no shin today | 84 WB NAL MEL, Tomorrow it might sno. Imperative 10.12 This may be command or a request tdusia, di ot $21. Calm down, chien, sna el and avast? will you please bring that book Indicative 10,13 ‘This involves statements of fot tae dred ours iReDWi UAL UA Clases in Madeas College were in Eglsh, a yh ot 1B. The sun sin the east rele cue ag B. Cojaatis in Inia Adjectives 1014 Ther are two types of adjectives, aril and invariable. The fint group changes scoring tothe nome and gender of the sual anit whole, entire ‘ag eal, comect, sah uae me) sae Ur 58) Invaibleadetivs, a he name implies, donot change: {46 212 good/pure English 4g AB Sweet Tam 22.Baue firm esison £46 purely, pure MAR sweet 2 Firm {see R10} Conjunets 10S ea since then at and wai even Bat then Here are examples: Sone all cee wl A. desided about it once relied that ‘Thecwosenences;A WHE ND. realizednderstond that..)7 Al decided) ae joined by ee. The word WR since hen is imp aad ag a eel ou at 3. The rates ave increased since the outbreak of war aetaudh 2 led iden se det, The lecturers and stents were (bth) speaking in Elis Faded aig Reo steed det ed A Hue ae sla, The students spoke good Engish yet used Tamil ouside the lass. The sentences Face ag ier meta at and aA Hse ber a ar joined by a Gene $B gyre’ grand AIA» 6, I decided ‘would goto Gujarat ate earning the language, The sentences Fa and eyed ad so ws are joined by agreed at geil el be Feo to Gujarat sv be afer leasing the tanguage “Tae sentences rete ¥BeL and apa AMAL at are joined by a [see R28) Participles ‘A panicle derives from & verb but functions a an adjective ora ‘oun, In Gujrat its called runt wr129 Past participles 10.16 $4 wat af. Wor oe sneer wae Here thesia is added othe roto the vet followed by the number-gendersufxe: #84 (neue singular because 4 isnewen Root + yas participle -l + number genéer sfx met dat Gong Pas paicile formations of verbs ike, 1 38 ake hee pas tease forms wa MG, Ag, ete before the number - gender suffixes: aided iets food that was eaten Wag uel watrshat vas drunk Ad all woman who was siting Conjunetive participle 10.17 This paicile denotes an action which has taken place before the one expresed bythe principal verb a(t come) in the fllowing example cael Su eyed g. Having come o Inia 1 a tearing Gaara ‘The sffix 64 isaded tothe ose root +n: 24 + 6 sud, sinitary, Nba 97 Bee we After going wo Pris Iwill gow Aen Fx a Gea WAL | went 10 France ater learning French 804 54 eed ini ag Home othe cas ach day ater doing my homework, sul, 65, aA, 624 show thatthe action has aleady been completed Present participle 10.18 Here the action is happening inthe presen art Hoare seer BR aR vet ee, Father Vallace, who was doing mathematics, studied Gujarat Here the ver 82s change nt the past participle by root +4 4 the number-gender sufi, ie, S24 (hed person honorific form) [Note:The same frm can also bein the past tease if sed a he end ofa word: te aa Rar OL SRA Father Vallace was studying mathematic Similarly, ase Maa climbing man edi aod swimming fish uid Wie falling leat ‘aut DiseAL playing boys ciel alot reading women faattt fat barking dogs [Note In Gujarati ail the above forms are common although some, namely those connected with people, are not normaly ‘sed in English Future participle ro 19 Asits name suggests, the aon in the future participle has yetto take place: sudan sat Read asl ed. Students taking the examination wil sit here atid isto give’, with the cot 0, To form theft pariciple the oe suffix is added, followed by the number and gender safes: toot + AR + mumber-gender sux, Similar Asad DA sme horse dat is going to utd Prats he cat hai gong 0 eat kev Bag the adic thats going wo Hide fagtare S42 the cowards who are going. un avay inal ala the women who ae going to cook saei Wa the beds that are going to hy [soe RST Colloquial notes 10.20 sore wl: wore means news 4A means ell. When combined130 they assume the meaning ‘othe news ‘Other changes ha occur with tbe usage of 48 are 4 ‘dl followed, understood (24 undestanding) ‘aud dl came, ie. arived at be wrong place andra the Here isan example: ell suid andl 4A? Why did 1() come hee? (othe wrong place) aul night had fallen zaudl ——_itwasahoiday "isthe pasteminine frmot Sq (fll and can alsoe used init era sense: ub NUL UAL, A mango fel from the ee. Exercises 7 Re-arrange the following in four groups of four words: ya wna sat Revit Siw daw iy St quae Re Ee et 8 Which employment matches the individual? a a sees va Rewil neue ae ean Ha youre 38a Yael afl acest 9 Correct the following sentences: Go) wash nee eG (oy re awa wl co) WL i wat Gag Fa 58H HH fe) Rae AWA aba 2 (aq ais oe sd 13 10. Translate into Gujarati: (a) The fying hinds came down, () Barking dogs dont bite (©) One should not cheat {@) Lill ot go iit rains. {e) Personal contact ister than the phone 11 Describe your room using the following vocabulary: sige eA aw 12 Filin the blanks: AG muda a eae aa aia aed suet ma ai Sea weal 13 Use each of the following words in a different sentence taking particular care over number and gender. ae Bae Geue dane wea ae Additional vocabulary aus cum Vegetables Bey cabbage ign) emontine au (2) carat Mls im) okraadies eaten) caidower fags Bulle (coriander gay ion agin) egeniam Heat porto xen) tic yam) sh agin) singer Mew) spinach eG) deaf egeubles 2am) tomato11 Mader ars 2s Bat UN ‘Towards the theatre After the play In this lesson you wil learn about: More colloquial phrases and compound verbs Frecuonty used Engish nan words Compound words “Tae causa form ‘The past, present and future coninuous ‘uludi Razexi Hosts and guests AR Nona isa fiend of Varsha whois visiting Bombay from London. Varsha ‘and her husband Anant are he hosts aks Seva, ae a eae al? Sees at, 04 bd edd paid atl eal Al, ada a sus yor we aale gostll tea ae ig 842 avis ate, canoe sade an A AG + sail 6 aia a un 3? zs ster vd B 3 Gee? Badu: Best dt sea wa AEA y GAGA onl a a pred we tag 8. wl aaa? ais at, Ball wa ain ibaa dt 56g, save a Me A EBA Hed 88, ao ewer vB. Razed os uate MAAR HeaL ered WHEL siMEAl Bs suSanied ude ng, “U2 Swed BO 2 0H Bena 2s SUR ed 4 mse 133 Yanna: How are you Homa? Have you had lunch at Sheela's? uss; Yes, thanks. She made a Gujarat dish ~ lentil soup with something very tasty in It as delicious assis: Temas be Dal Dhol. No one can touch Shela when it comes to Dal Dhokti.. $0 what would you lke ro do this evening? Would you like to g0 10 the there or see afin? Thonn: F eam just as wel ee fllms in London. What F would relly like odo is goto good Gujarat play. 1s thar possible? Vaastu: Ofcourse. Why not? Fllphone Anant ahs ofice right now ‘and ask him 0 get the tickets while he's in town Ar the theatre The ball lights dim, A spotigh focuses on the curtin, A voice announce: ‘Now we present for you the famous play tame ofall AKA ml, The actors ae Vocabulary aed ih swde ej vas announces aa Tet soup = before Husa ofomening show, displ, ass piees ecient ue Mkea (wed only in Ala sol (tet) connection AH cover with food) aM seep 26 4% noone can touch. net Mic rach) MOT dont ke ses tam Mend your soul ata tint BOM ander cover waard godin (ie. biden) cama sx became illuminated Colloquia! notes MA The phase AS 4 Wid i sed w show that someone is unsurpatsable or incomparable in their eld. (Wie means Yo reach’)138 Use of English loan words in Gujarati 11.2 Here are some words Gujarati has borowed from English 54544 (programme), (soup), (film), St (phone), EEA icket ~ here the Gujarat plurality sulix Co) bas boen aed tothe English word ticket), (22 (dheate). MAE (microphone, There ae. however, many words which have = Sanskritzed Gujarati version which are sometimes found in printed frm, eg asus = sien, Bet = aafea, Bie = yeuPan, ze = nas, wie = taPae da, et, 113 al. ASA DAL We seit every day ‘This phrase shows repetition — and it implies « desie fora change, Similar examples ae: (ut a er UBL TAR We cat ie every da AA ry BSAA y GEA We watch iclevsion every day ard By MA w TRA We drink tea every diy au de 5A DAA We 20 by bus every day In each of these examples the implication is thatthe speaker ‘wishes there could be a change in the situation, "Note: here has similar meaning tothe English as well ond isnot part of the S.A (i. ten) constrain, 1A Inthe dialogue at the start ofthis esson a changed its meaning in various places acconding 10 the context, In Wl, al xd! (Oh, ie most be dafghok-) it has the meaning ‘i wa¥i mus be Here i another example its, aL L540, tht mast be the actess Nagi 11S di aia a su BT Then what isthe programme inthe evening? Here, eli means "then. There iso expectation of (and spain, itis moc a, if the! construction, 1.6 a dh aig vetd “tee Hg D. Here wan tose a good Gujrat play. In this example is wed for emphasis. is simiar 0 8 a ‘tag WGA jou wll ave fo cometyou mast come). Grammatical notes Here are some further examples of auxiliary and compound verbs 11.7 Avxilary verbs oud Al at et, ROA LA are al verbal Foams of dg tobe, [see R25] 118 Compound verbs: $8166, dl a, sft Gai. The ross in the fs wo verbs are 68 and (do and ‘give while in the second combination they re 84 and & Cobain’ and ake’) and in the third ate 208 and OU (Shien "ge vp), 119 Tocompiet the sense or toemphasize the meaning, an axiiay ‘vot sometimes aed othe compound verb, eg, 821 £6 [see R26), 13,10 The we of 8 shows doubt and confirmation. As a noun 2 means doubt. When used 3s. verb in aqueston it throws dub ‘on the previous word: xd agit willie possible? (64 lierally means Yohappe’) TALL But itcares confirmation when used a a sateen ets an st oe Ul, He will do the wou (li. the work wil te done by im, maa 1 follows A) it gives empasis, showing that noone bat the person concerned could do the work. Similarly, $21 2, 48 ‘asi, 5 ast can show doutt or affirmation depending on ‘whathe the interogative form is used orn By now you ae faiiar With ome of the more important case sales, With eg, seus, Sud, avd, tetotl te Suies t,t denote possession and ae the equivalent of the Faglish [sce RIB, R23] “The sufi Min a, ate, se, ea caries the meaning Sometimes both Mi and Maze wed together when the sense changes to frome. MSNA (from the microphone). [see R18, R28) 135136 1116 The st in ae, WA, ate at means to! vd AS a wil ang oe ated oe 2 wie ess @. (sce R18, R20} 1117 st withow anal vowels ant sf, means nother and in its colo frm, can ako mean ‘or. $8 Mt means ‘on do that and xe 304M means doo Kosp in (ie. wed the vei Exercises 1 Rearrange the words to make sense of the following diatogue: gee B suet af sao eas ah TA yw ste gis AS a Al lea: sid Ge lel ae Pee Baw Reha avi ga ona idea: — ed aan Sal all 2 Write a short dialogue directing a stranger to the theatre, 9. Choose the correct words from the parentheses: seat We MR MR stag (aves). sae wa wea (adver cea), aes ore i w6 (alAS Ag). ad 42 (aang) 2x8), en nag (wrvadng), aH ee, ar oaLA esd (assivasejesd). 4 Use an auxiliary verb inthe folowing sentences: () 35 a dou gon aa cee erreenor ts fe) aed A en Gaul BE Renal eva 28 ope a. () Soued aa ais Rea (wR eeu 9 Bea aS 17 5 Match the following: 4 a sal aiw aa, oll few ut was ae te sala 6. Use five words related to the theatre in five different ‘sentences. 7 Which adjective matches the person? 8 aed 4a ae san Seed 8 Translate into English: a) God rad by lady ai seamed. fo) alg aes ag v dia a8 4 a O, fo) Sao ud 9 aod ast, (Sis seuss on a4 5 he, ~u2s Qu wl After the play A Varsha, Hwa an Anant sis the play ai: a Sala, wes 3g a? Sava aca. oe ound tbe wat aor 4 Nfl SEL shrug aaa ad a a oh se oO aowmad i Bec Coca wet 788 8 Ra Ma aries WMA Bin ag 2, Ht ROU aL138 190 same aus eu Md std WA oa ays eens sat’ smuggtes Penroens airport 44g 4 as Teaer, nero 4M rig, rot aed A a austen deg as ag . Cinaplyy (eas sft Beau wand a na 4 ¥ a1>y bg yoo Roars, aya totally, ae a wradg completely WR rally Sara: avd, at se ug 3 yr aes a weal cong O. ced. a ia FA a ga” 29 wh Sia: oe? apr are oui aa 2 ML sea OL Colloquial notes AL ag ARE EYL OEY ay ay ALD, ‘ baie Soe 11.18 3 42g? is very wef in everday speech. It is used to ask Vans: ona did you tke the play? someone opinion: ¢ Thess: Tras wonder. The language ws not difiul follow a waa da aad? think about he man? wt 2€ ae? Wat do you hi ecause the acting was so good and you were eteady Fatal gat 4A acl? How was Rasa cooking? v are 1 21 4S Hg a1 BF How good ith cloth? asin: The subject wa very interesting epping| red 7 pert age ‘Avast: Yes bu did't much tie the ending. Why should the cr rincipal of a college become the bess of a gang of ‘omggler? Iwas totaly aneaiti. matical notes arsna: Maybe, But the st lighting and sound effects were so ae ‘eas. In he fl acene I ets 1 was rely at Bomba nae ema Compound words kon: Varsha, you said this play was orginally writen in Maras 149 As wih Sant and Geman, Guat cnn ve, aes: Yes. wasn Marathi was called The Tears Become sometimes he, words. They are connected by diferent pes Flowers of sufincs, conjncs, clas, etc, each of which tas a Tuomas Realy? I prefer that tothe Guarat Dont Cover Your | ess pee ot See ae Sou The orginal sounds much beter. ] inde which sot necessary save in advanced Gu commen name for these compound is amas In pots 1120-1123 tea few o the more frequently wed Vocabulary compound wort yea aitisty seteds——eneaiic 11.20 Two words joined by 9% amet monty. aly ae canis tun 32 deel enti soup and dot ate acting hound sweatin a6 smother and father subd before steer ght et, cuba 0u a ober and sister sa plot arrangement aud a 9 wt tenund water fe aaa me » fights we UE aNd ad fet sD BAL ripping at tes Meggan wrong aa nd xn scene erg — vg at og“ wf 1121 Two words joined by 2 A, A, Am, te (es sun) susie 4D, Alber ix siting aresurt stg sy arangement of ahs sign, siBAe as B. Akbar makes the hen sit | (gh aerangement mule sou aD. Adi writes a leer | Geoarenns — Rear ee sion it eropane's aula wa ao B. Adil makes someone wite a eter (he eadgusters) dictates eg — 8 2g lkabe Ui at ais Sita chopping wood. easing 1 the mind) alla assis 8. Sci having the wood chopped augue — suastend 42 expert in social transactions etdea 2a Sa yesh lh fc from ere you seta the causal form is made with 8 4 rea ded tthe vera rot before her suse: AAR 11.22 Words joined by #4. one a see] 94 LA someting or someone ‘unecessary Present continuous aon — 2 of 8 BA seborm,Neadstrong (one "whore adi heavy) 1125 In Gujactthe simple present and potent ontinos forms ae saa 44 We akan] BA widow, widower ir one the sme 50 that @ 894 $8 8 can ean ther he Work oF he ‘whose hose broken) is working | agin — Fog eM B A malatorey building (one " i ‘which has many storey) Past continuous Badia — #4 aa ai BA —_Lew Shiva lone who has thee e93) 126 ao iusag’ = Fai sia one who his golden yellow sab a ae Person Singular Plural 112) Mice | 1 Gaasd SA 23 Miseaneos 0 faded Asem sat axel aut aul auf stam ein (i, tin which Mm Asada Rel seth et rus wih fire) f Asad wl Rei eal wal aee—ci9 (ax 24 are sgl os impor who mn Angad fe seal wal AAMT Wea DA steal by voiding oo ie qetiou —lod waren u_parcod ice prepared with 1 Redwi Rema ik 0 Redigd Re alent sallasi ~edlvi seuide asi vagus (spicy dish) made with Wm Redigat Readat Yoahor | PF Redwd Reale [sce R39} nm Redd Reais Causal | Simitay. 0-4 Se, WAAL Ha, RAL 6a, \ 11.24 In this constuction the subject pases onthe work to Someone {1a Future continuous M127 Person Singear Plural 1 Geddes Seo i sed dbu— GseaLaal Tm aed sh At ge a f aeded Fat eal wt mn Aaeg wa fat sea wk ‘Thats R+ the pas vense sfx + number gender sux followed bythe fata tense forms of see dada M+ at dtbat We adda As dl dba et Exercises 9 Revarrange the following in tour groups of four words connected by meaning. wis RB aus Mie ua Nt wail sah ph Bat grad 10 Fil in the blanks: waza __ at tat a mene nd a sl zs ug neg aki wal a ‘ea Apa LAR sie al arg rece wl wot set 11 Match the opposite words from the two columns. a 2 fue swt sick wa ane onate 8 va “3 wae wot sel wh 12 Add the relevant sutixes to the following: (ws Rut _ aa ea, (ty ies set wad Alek ast wo aie wads he Hae ng, ee as tan aa Reed vat fe wand Be a8 dae a 18 Using the word a, write five sentences on what you are _golng to do tomorrow. 14 Correct the following sentences: fa) yp a4 soe ed A. do) ive Aisa 2 Go) Peau am ai at g (oy MMe OH A aac aS fe) Be WA aah Me ae 15 Change the following to the causal form: fe) mage ) MAD (e) aed wad wa ca) a se fe) eal ek RD 16 Change the sentences as directed: a) Gud wes wa mS g. pas contin) (Fable Bea’ ¥at ba present continuo) te) eae’ a wel aj S04 524 (past continous) (a) ae zene soa oa a 48S 6 (tue continuous) oy lee albaniil GAA gare dul ‘dled wal tre continuous)aq Additional vocabulary i 12 dae 5 Insects ANY) ane HARM wa matin tedbag a pds At the newspaper office sity teem) A) fa A travelogue wiB in) erly $282 (m) mosquito $ aiiim) cockroach iia senpan SeaGeG oy) ertwom SAE my pier sain ety AWS 9) termite a oa iiiesson you wi | = More athelpasive forms 1 More causal oms 1 Moc relative pronouns 1 Mowe duplicative toms 2 The sufixinthe cardinals { Repotng and naeabve sys aye At the newspaper office FRI Me Patel isthe editor of « Gujarati weekly, Ms Ami Joshi isthe chet ‘reporter She is asked about «presentation ceremony she covered forthe rnewsparer wa ae, a yPridln vedere utensil dei? weal ta, ae: aim. dit gia waist ofaS vd gat, aunt uflaoind Gest ue 4 wed fl wa a Reel Foca see yaeusiad dal A Rowen ater we eer UA att OUR Maal sos ssa at al, ANGLE AA RELA aU AE laa ANS i wad. A] ws hate el. BS oat tea ea? | aol: a. Gat weve Belo erste ote, Aviat | Bis, doar, SOAS aaa a aah AHHH aad oat al yet me out D aA €O ON yea aoa 3.146 sel: wa! al: Para. Pam Para Para. Sa, 3 A sw dre HU, a ell Yau an? se Ho wet ga 3A A a es ig sxousd So (RA Re aed Ba? ee, SOAS Hy FF SRR AS? Soe BARI Gated Geet ed, wow ste oUF Si Oe a8 ed go seas oS ote ee Hand ah, ea. Sea tude OAL Ao al Aue HL HL aoe GAL a Ae, tee SEMI GAA aS at 4 Anni, did you go 10 the presentation at the wniversity Yesterday? I could no Yes, sir. The hall wax fall to capacity A the succesfel sradute ond postgraduate students collected their degrees. They were all dressed in gowns and the heads of Aleparment arrived in procession to take thei sats onthe dats They to had tadiional robes and morarboards on their heads Thar’ to be expected. Was there anvthing particularly notable? Ys; sir. Two scholars were awarded honorary fellowships One ofthe, Dr Baan isthe fies Gujarati tobe honoured inthis way by he School of Oriental and African Stdies He 1s-@ wellnown linguist who has writen more than sisty books ‘Thar’ am important sory for us. Did you interview hin? No. sir Dr Bhayan could not come becouse he il. was ‘warded in his absence. Did anvone say anything about hin? Yes Professor Wright, a senor professor at SOAS, praised his achievements at some length, comparing him to Dr ures the mos famous wester lingual gthld of acopy of is speeck Good. Write your report as quickly as possible and get a photograph of Dr Bhavani 1 want 10 carry the sory tomorrow's paper. Vocabulary usd convocation aeuioe ceremony weil packedo . capacity Get passin ‘examination wt ypial Rouse beds of ate department stoma rbes aes in pocesion NaOH ia tana ews sotoworty Grammatical notes Rae’ aonng, ste Sead caval eqoateu gan sede Gusia alte wR Gad Babee, 12. More active and passive forms ® ur scholars to honour absence linguist comparison lecture pot ‘over and above research introdution appreciated schievements jt was not possible forme) to come. (passive) {could not coe. (active) (oy aca A soe de we ty AL Te Work mit have been done (by them) (passive) as so4 GL ae if, They might have done the work. (astve) (e)_Sseee ane es. twas not posible forthe doctor to come, (passive) fisee aan tal, The doctor could not come, (active) (2) eed ae wa? Will the work be done by you!” (pusive) ‘1 aa eee? Wil you do the work? tact) (see R33, RB 12.2 More causal forms fo) ai Redfod Aausw sat, THe toi there, students were made (causa)