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A voltage improvement of transmission system using static var compensator

via matlab/simulink

Article · May 2017

DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp330-337

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Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2017, pp. 330 ~ 337
DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp330-337  330

A Voltage Improvement of Transmission System Using

Static Var Compensator Via Matlab/Simulink
1 2 3
Siti Amely Jumaat* , Ismail Musirin , Mazliya Mohd Baharun
1,3
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
2
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
High demand in electricity consumption is rising and modern society would case to function
without access to electricity. The volume of power transmitted and distributed are increasing, these need
the requirements for high quality and reliable supply. At the same time, rising the costs and the growing
environmental concerns make the process of develop a new power transmission line make complicated
and the time consuming. One of alternatives to solve the issues is installed the Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS). This research presents to modeling and simulation of Static Var Compensator (SVC) in
the power system network using Matlab/Simulink Software. The objective function of this research is
improvement the voltage of the system with four cases study for validation. From the simulation results
shown that the SVC installation gives the effect to voltage of system.

Keywords: Static Var Compensator, Voltage Improvement, Matlab/Simulink, Transmission System

Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
The electric power system has grown in size and complexity with a huge number of
interconnections to meet the increase in the electric power demand. Moreover, the role of long
distance and large power transmission lines become more important. Due to this today’s
changing electric power systems create a growing need for flexibility, reliability, fast response
and accuracy in the fields of electric power generation, transmission, distribution and
consumption. Voltage instability is one of the phenomena which have result in a major blackout.
Moreover, with the fast development of restructuring, the problem of voltage stability has
become a major concern in deregulated power systems. To maintain security of such systems,
it is desirable to plan suitable measures to improve power system security and increase voltage
stability margins. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) are new devices
emanating from recent innovative technologies that are capable of altering voltage, phase angle
and /or impedance at particular points in power systems. Static Var Compensators (SVC)
devices are used to improve voltage and reactive power conditions in AC Systems. The
effectiveness of this controller depends on its optimal location and proper signal selection in the
power system network. SVC has the ability to improve stability by dynamically controlling it
reactive power output. Hence, that SVC will successfully control the dynamic performance of
power system and will effectively regulate the system oscillatory disturbances and voltage
regulation of the power system.
In paper [1] Oyedoja et al presented the modelling and simulation study using in
Matlab/Simulink with objective to resolve the voltage regulation and voltage stability problems.
From the simulation result, can conclude modelling and simulation carried out confirmed that
SVC could provide the fast acting voltage support necessary to prevent the possibility of voltage
reduction and voltage collapse. In [2] using PSO and EP techniques to solve the objective
function to minimize the loss when the load is subjected to Bus 26 and 30 of IEEE 30-Bus RTS.
From the simulation results shows the impact in terms of loss reduction and voltage profile
improvement. As conclusion, demonstrate that the proposed PSO technique is feasible for loss
minimization scheme in other power system network. In [3] S.A. Jumaat et al, optimization
techniques are PSO, EP and AIS applied when the load variations are subjected to buses 29
and 30 of IEEE 30 – Bus RTS for the minimization of active power loss. The objective is to

Received January 8, 2017; Revised March 25, 2017; Accepted April 11, 2017
331  ISSN: 2502-4752

minimization of active power loss in power system. From the simulation results can conclude,
demonstrate that the proposed PSO technique is feasible for loss minimization scheme in other
power system network. In [4], Amit Garg et. al proposed the model and simulation of SVC in
MATLAB / Simulink Software with objective to maintain security of system, to improve and
increase voltage stability margin. From that simulation results carried out confirm that SVC
could provide the fast acting voltage support necessary to prevent the possibility of voltage
reduction and voltage collapse. In [5] proposed the objective to improve and maintain the
voltage regulation of the system using Matlab Software. From simulation result the installation of
SVC at nearer to load side is the best methods to improve the voltage regulation. In [6] and [7]
presented the modeling and simulation of the power system using PSCAD and MathCAD
Software, respectively with objective to investigate the effects of SVC on voltage stability of the
system. By simulation results shows the SVC can improve and maintain the voltage collapse,
current and reactive power in the transmission line. In [8] proposed Newton-Raphson method to
optimal placement of FACTS based on l-Index technique. In [9] presented a new method to
finding the optimal location, size and number of Static Var Compensator in order to enhace the
voltage stability of electrical network. The solution has been found by using the evolutionary
programming algorithm, particle swarm optimization, combined with voltage stability indexes
used for the estimation of the voltage collapse in power system.
This paper mainly focuses the improvement of voltage with the SVC installation into the
power system network. The loads for the testing are in four cases: 10MW and 8MVar, 50MW
and 10MVar, and 100MW and 15MVar and 150MW and 20MVar.

2. FACTS Devices
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers modify the series and parallel
impedances of transmission lines. The way a FACTS controller is connected to the ac power
system has a direct effect on the transfer of active and reactive power within the system. Series
connected controllers are usually employed in active power control and to improve the transient
stability of power systems. Shunt connected controllers govern reactive power and improve the
dynamic stability [5].
Table 1 show the type and function of FACTS device. Static var compensators (SVC)
control only one of the three important parameters (voltage, impedance, phase angle) that
determine the power flow in the AC power system. It has been realized that SVC which is true
equivalent of ideal synchronous condenser, is technically feasible with the use of gate turn – off
(GTO) thyristor. The SSSC is a recently introduced FACTS controller which has the capability to
control all the three transmission parameters (voltage, impedance, phase angle) [1]. The SSSC
not only performs the functions of the STATCOM, TCSC, and the phase angle regulator but also
provides additional flexibility by combining some of the functions of the controllers.

Table 1. Type and Function of Facts Device

Name Type Main Function Controller Used
SVC Shunt Voltage Control Thyristor
STATCOM Shunt Voltage Control GTO,IGBT or MCT
TCSC Series Power Flow Control Thyristor
SSSC Series Voltage Control GTO,IGBT or MCT

2.1. Static Var Compensator (SVC)

Static Var Compensators (SVC) control only one of the three important parameters i.e
voltage, impedance, and phase angle, that determine the power flow in the AC power system. It
has been realized that SVC which is true equivalent of ideal synchronous condenser, is
technically feasible with the use of gate turn–off (GTO) thyristor. The SSSC is a recently
introduced FACTS controller which has the capability to control all the three transmission
parameters (voltage, impedance, phase angle) [1]. The SSSC not only performs the functions of
the STATCOM, TCSC, and the phase angle regulator but also provides additional flexibility by
combining some of the functions of the controllers. The SVC regulates voltage at its terminal by
controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system. When
system voltage is low, the SVC generates reactive power (capacitive). When system voltage is

IJEECS Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2017 : 330 – 337

IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752  332

high, it absorbs reactive power (inductive). The variation of reactive power is performed by
switching three-phase capacitor banks and inductor banks connected on the secondary side of
a coupling transformer. The SVC can be operated in two modes: in voltage regulation mode (the
voltage is regulated within limits) and in VAR control mode (the SVC susceptance is kept
constant). When the SVC is operated in voltage regulation mode, it implements the following V-I
characteristics. As long as the SVC susceptance B stays within the maximum and minimum
susceptance values imposed by the total reactive power of capacitor banks Bcmax and reactor
banks Blmax, the voltage is regulated at the reference voltage Vref. However, a voltage droop is
normally used usually between 1% and 4% at maximum reactive power output, and the V-I
characteristic has the slope indicated in the Figure 1.

Figure 1. SVC V-I Characteristics

where
V = Positive sequence voltage p.u.
I = Reactive current (pu/phase) (I > 0 indicates an Inductive Current)
Xs = Slope or droop reactance (pu/phase)
Bcmax = Maximum capacitive suspectance (pu/Phase) with all TSCs in service, no TSR or
TCR.
BImax = Maximum inductive suspectance (pu/Phase) with all TSRs in service, or TCRs at full
conduction, no TSC.
Phase = Three – phase base power specified in the block diagram Box.
The steady-state and dynamic characteristics of SVCs describe the variation of SVC
bus voltage with SVC current or reactive power, Figure 1 illustrates the terminal voltage-SVC
current characteristic with specific slope.

(1)

The regulation slope allows:

1. To extend the linear operating range of the compensator
2. To improve the linear stability of the voltage regulation loop
3. To compensator as well as other voltage regulation devices.
The V – I characteristic is described by the following three equations:

+ (2)

Where, SVC is in regulation range

, (3)

Where, SVC is fully capacitive

(4)

A Voltage Improvement of Transmission System Using Static Var … (Siti Amely Jumaat)
333  ISSN: 2502-4752

Where, SVC is fully inductive

Figure 2. SVC Steady – state control characteristic

Location of an SVC strongly affects controllability of the swing modes. In general the
best location is at a point where voltage swings are greatest. Normally, the mid – point of a
transmission line between the two areas is a good candidate for placement. Tables and Figures
are presented center, as shown below and cited in the manuscript.

3. Results and Analysis

This part presents a results obtained from MATLAB /Simulink software. The analysis
and discussion of the results obtained from simulation are presented in this part. The testing for
validation of the results is in two conditions: test system without and with SVC as shown in
Figure 3 and 4, respectively. The voltage supply of test system is 3 phase system, 500kV, and
transmission line is 30,000MVA, and X/R = 10. The characteristics of SVC model are shown in
Figure 5 and 6, respectively where the power base, P base = 200,000VA, QC =200,000Var and QL
=-200,000Var and time delay, Td = 4ms.

Figure 3. Test System without SVC Figure 4. Test System with SVC

The loads of test system are setting by three phase series RLC load block diagram as
shown in Figure 5. The loads for the testing are in four cases:
Case 1: 10MW and 8MVar
Case 2: 50MW and 10MVar
Case 3: 100MW and 15MVar
Case 4: 150MW and 20MVar

IJEECS Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2017 : 330 – 337

IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752  334

Figure 5. Block Parameter of Three Phase Series RLC Load

The results for without and with SVC for Case 1, Case 2, Case 3 and 4 as shown in
Figure 6 to Figure 10, respectively.

Figure 6. Results of voltage without SVC Figure 7. Results of voltage with SVC for Case 1

Figure 8. Results of voltage with SVC for Case 2

A Voltage Improvement of Transmission System Using Static Var … (Siti Amely Jumaat)
335  ISSN: 2502-4752

Figure 9. Results of voltage with SVC for Case 3

Figure 10. Results of voltage with SVC for Case 4

Table 2 is tabulated results of voltage improvement for Case 1, 2, 3 and 4. From Table
2 shows that when the load of the system is increased the voltage of system is decreased. Also,
for instance, loads are 10MW and 8MVar, the voltage of system is 515.0kV. When the load is
increased to 50MW and 10Mvar the voltage of system is 513.5kV.
On other hand, the installation of SVC in the system is improved the voltage of the
system. For instance, the load of system are 10MW and 8MVar, the voltage is increase 516.5kV
(0.29% improvement) from its original value i.e. 515kV. When the load of system is increase to
50MW and 10MVar, the voltage is increase 516.5kV (0.58% improvement) from its original
value i.e. 513.5kV. Figure 11 shows the comparison of voltage with and without SVC
installation. From the figure, the voltage of system is consistence to 515kV with SVC installation.

Table 2. Results of Voltage Improvement Using SVC

Voltage Result
Loads
Without SVC With SVC % imp.
MW MVar Volt (kV) Volt (kV)
10 8 515.0 516.5 0.29
50 10 513.5 516.5 0.58
100 15 511.5 515.5 0.78
150 20 510.5 515.45 0.96

IJEECS Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2017 : 330 – 337

IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752  336

Figure 11. Comparison of Voltage With and Without SVC Installation

4. Conclusions
Generally, the objective of this research has been achieved. The voltage control
devices which are SVC are successfully modeled in the MATLAB/ Simulink. SVC can be used
for both inductive and capacitive compensation. When the voltage system is low the SVC
generates the reactive power (SVC Capacitive).When the voltage system is high it is absorbs
the reactive power (SVC Inductive). The results is obtained in the research has been analyzed
and discussed. The comparison was done between four load conditions. These prove that the
SVC model can be implemented on the transmission line systems, in order to protect the
system from voltage collapse and voltage instability phenomenon.

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge The Institute of Research Management and
Innovation (IRMI) UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Ministry of Higher Education
(MOHE) for the financial support of this research. This research is supported by MOHE under
the Research Acculturation Grant Scheme (RAGS) with project code: 600-RMI/RAGS 5/3
(187/2014).

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IJEECS Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2017 : 330 – 337

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