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Analysis: I 0) - Meanwhile, V 0) - in This Experiment We Were Asked To Determine The Current and The

The document discusses an experiment conducted to determine current and voltage in a DC circuit using Kirchhoff's Laws. Key points: - Kirchhoff's Laws state that the sum of currents at a junction equals 0 and the sum of voltages around a closed loop equals 0. - The experiment gathered data on currents (I1, I2, I3) through resistors and used MATLAB to calculate the values using Kirchhoff's Laws. - Calculated and observed current values had percentage differences between 6-11%, showing the calculations aligned with Kirchhoff's Laws.

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47 views3 pages

Analysis: I 0) - Meanwhile, V 0) - in This Experiment We Were Asked To Determine The Current and The

The document discusses an experiment conducted to determine current and voltage in a DC circuit using Kirchhoff's Laws. Key points: - Kirchhoff's Laws state that the sum of currents at a junction equals 0 and the sum of voltages around a closed loop equals 0. - The experiment gathered data on currents (I1, I2, I3) through resistors and used MATLAB to calculate the values using Kirchhoff's Laws. - Calculated and observed current values had percentage differences between 6-11%, showing the calculations aligned with Kirchhoff's Laws.

Uploaded by

qweqwe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANALYSIS

“Kirchhoff’s Law” is the main concept that we have for this experiment. This law
states that current flowing into a node must be equal to the current flowing out of it. In
addition to that, the sum of all the voltage around any closed loop in any circuit must be
equal to zero. With these we have the Junction Law and the Loop Law. Junction Law is the
algebraic sum of currents through any junction is equal to zero ( ∑ I =0 ). Meanwhile,
Loop Law is the sum of potential drops and voltages from the sources and must also be equal
to zero ( ∑ V =0 ). In this experiment we were asked to determine the current and the
voltage through resistors in a DC circuit work using Kirchhoff’s Laws and compare the
values obtained with the observed ones.
The term “node” in an electrical circuit is the association or intersection of at least
two or more currents conveying ways (e.g. cables and segments). For a current to stream
either in or out of a node, there should be a shut circuit. We can utilize Kirchhoff's present
law while examining parallel circuits.
In conducting the experiment, the group gathered the materials needed and then
arranged the setup. Same materials were needed and used for this experiment. Arranging the
setup and following the instructions on the manual given, was the most challenging part
because it was a little complicated compared to the previous experiment. Then, the group
members proceeded with their experiment and started gathering the data needed.
After gathering all the values needed, the group then proceeded to the computations
of the values of the resistors using the concept of the Kirchhoff’s Law. This experiment is
associated with the group’s other subject, so the members used their prior knowledge in
linear algebra and used matrices to present the data. In computing the resistance, the group
used a computer application called MATLAB. With MATLAB, the members were only to
input the data gathered using the matrix, and the software will then be reduced this into
reduced row echelon form (RREF).
Hence, the table below presents the gathered data during the experiment.
Table 1. Kirchhoff’s Laws
Experimental Computed Percentage
Difference
I1 0.30 A 0.32 A 6.25 %
I2 0.17 A 0.19 A 10.53 %
I3 0.12 A 0.13 A 7.69 %
As what was shown on the table above, these were the data gathered by the group
after conducting the experiment and from the calculations using the Kirchhoff’s Law. As
observed, we can see that I1 is approximately equal to the sum of the other two currents, On
the experimental set-up and diagrams provided by our professor, when I 1 entered the
junction, both I2 and I3 left the junction. This observation only proves that when a current
enters a junction, the same amount or current will leave from the junction.
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
The formula used to solve for the specific heat of metal was:
0=I 1 R 1−I 2 R2−I 3 R 3 , V 1=I 1 R1 + I 2 R2 and, V 2=I 2 R2 −I 3 R3
Calculating the percentage of error, we used the formula:
|Experimental Value− Accepted Value|
Percentage Difference= x 100
Accepted Value

The matrix of the system:

[ ]
1 −1 −1 0
5 10 0 3.5
0 10 −5 1.24

[ ]
1 0 0 0.3208
Using MATLAB, the RREF of the Matrix: 0 1 0 0.1896
0 0 1 0.1312

MATLAB Screenshots:

For Percent Difference:


|0.30−0.32|
difference= ×100 =6.25
0.32
|0.17−0.19|
difference= ×100 =10.53
0.19
|0.12−0.13|
difference= × 100 =7.69
0.13
CONCLUSION
In this experiment entitled “Kirchhoff’s Laws”, we were asked to determine the
current through resistors and the voltage across resistors in a DC circuit using the Kirchhoff’s
laws and compare the values obtained with the observed ones. In series, Kirchhoff’s voltage
law is applied wherein the sum of all voltages is equal to zero. Meanwhile, in parallel,
Kirchhoff’s current law is applied wherein the sum of all the currents is equal to zero. Here,
we can say that the sum of currents that are flowing into that junction is equal to the sum of
the current flowing out, as well.
The gathered and computed data from the experiment was accordingly inclined with
the theory of Kirchhoff’s Law. Relationships were observed and proved between voltage,
resistance, and current inside a closed system. The group conducted the experiment well.
However, some problems were encountered by the group while conducting it, resulting to
high percentage differences between the experimental value and the computed value. They
should’ve provided a better equipment in the process of taking data for it to be more accurate
and/or meet the objectives accurately, to get a slight percentage difference.
Electricians’ main purpose is to provide electricity to our home or to our society.
Cities or any crowded places leads to the electrical posts to have multiple of tangled wires
that can cause problems like accidents if not taken care of. Electricians to maintain the
electrical flow, for them to do that, they need to control the system by maintaining the proper
amount of voltage, current, and resistance. Then, Kirchhoff’s Laws must be applied.
Kirchhoff’s laws give us knowledge in understanding how electricity works; how voltages
and currents work together in a circuit. It is also very helpful for electricians or other experts
in creating complex projects wherein electricity has a huge role in our daily lives.

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