i

PRONOUNCIATION PRACTICE

Arranged by group 6 :

Kiki Rizkillah : 201912500792

Novi Noviaroza : 201912500753
Nurul Yahfa : 201912500785
Alisa Qotrunnada : 201912500829
Syifa Fauziah : 201912500721
Imelda Wati Sitorus : 201912500699

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART
INDRAPRASTA PGRI UNIVERSITY
2020
PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

Praise be to Almighty Allah for the blessings of His grace, and that we were
given the opportunity to be able to compile a working paper entitled
“Pronunciation Practice” is properly and correctly, and on time. Sholawat and
salam are always delivered for the sublimest, the biggest prophet Muhammad
Shallalahu Alaihi Wasalam. , who has brought us world that full of knowledges.

This paper is structured so that readers can now how to pronunce english
letters in daily basis. This paper was compiled with help from various parties.
Both parties come from outside as well as from parties concerned itself. And
because the aid and help of Allah Almighty, these papers can be finally resolved.

The writers also thanked to Mrs Rosi Novayani Siregar, SE, M.Pd as the
lecturer in Pronunciation Practice Subject. Who Have many professors help
compiles in order to complete the paper.

Hopefully this paper can give a broader insight to the reader. Although this
paper has advantage and disadvantages. For suggestion and critic we accept.
Thank you.

Wa’alaikumus Salam Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

The Author

Group 6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE …………………………………………………………….….…….....i
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………..…...…………….. . ..ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION…………………………………….…….…….1
A. Background of the study ………………………….………………………. . .1
B. Formulation of the problem ………………………………………….….......2
C. Benefit of the study………………………………………………….............2
CHAPTER II DISCUSION …………………………………………………......4
A. Definition of Consonant…………………………………..............................4
B. Classification of consonant ……………………………………................….5
C. IPA symbol for English consonant sounds…………………………..............6
1) Chapter 18 My nice banker ………......................................................…7
2) Chapter 19 How life runs on……………….………............................…9
3) Chapter 20 What’s the news………………………..…………….........10
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION…………………………………………..….…
................................................................................................................................13
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………........................... 14
APPENDICES ………………………………………....................…………….15

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study

English is spoke as a first language by many countries, as a second

and a foreign language by around 750 million people around the world. It
has official or special status in at least 70 countries and is being studied by
an estimated one billion people. Mastering English as one of international
language around the world is also the requirement for those who want to
engage in world interaction and today’s job market. As a consequence of
learning English,the learners are not only encouraged to master four
English language skills as basis ways to do communication and interaction
among people, but also have to develop their abilities to master English
language components, like structure, vocabulary, and pronunciation due to
play vital role in supporting the success of using language skills in English
communication.

Among three of English language components that should be mastered

by students to support the use of language skills, pronunciation is
considered to be the difficult and complicated one for the learner.
Pronunciation aspect is more difficult since it relates with the use of our
speech organ producing proper English speech. Later, this will determine
the success of oral interaction and communication among people. Since
pronunciation aspect impacts on learners’ communicative competence and
performance, the lack of pronunciation skills will reduce the learners’ self-
confidence and limit their social interaction.

English pronunciation which involve both phonemes and

1 suprasegmental features cause anxiety and feeling nervous of making error
for many learners. As a result, many learners are not confident to perform
their individual practice in front of their friends. The major problem they
faced is the difference of English sound system with their mother tongue d
with ndonesian language, particularly for consonant sou
 1

B. Formulation of the Problem

This study is conducted based on the notion that pronunciation practice

has significant contribution to the learners in gaining their self confidence in
practising pronunciation in daily basis. Therefor, this study is intended to
address the following questions:

1. Where does the obstruction occur?

2. What type of obstruction is involved?

3. Do the vocal cords vibrate or not?

4. How to improve pronunciation skill in daily basis?

C. Benefit of the Study

Based on the result of the study, the writers hope that the study can be
beneficial for the learners. First, learners could reduce their pronunciation
anxiety,and helpful for the learners in improving the lack of phonemic
awareness that can cause issues with pronunciation and spelling as well as
listening and reading comprehension

Second, the study build their self-confidences, and to stimulate them

to be active learners and could use in practising in daily basis English
conversation

Third, based on the result of this study are expected to be helpful for the
learners to gain insight and understanding of the production, the transmission
and the reception of English speech sounds.
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CHAPTER II

DISCUSION

A. Definition of Consonant

Pronunciation of English consists of two main features. They are

phonemes containing of vowels and consonants, and suprasegmental
feature containing of stress and intonation. At the beginning of learning
pronunciation, phonemes are the basic elements the students have to
pronounce fluently since this involves unit of sounds and how each of
English sound is produced. The distribution of English phonemes are
considered difficult since there are 20 vowel and 24 consonants sounds
should be practiced seriously and intensively. Of those 24 consonants,
there are some sounds that do not exist in other languages. As a result, it
can be extremely difficult for learners to understand and learn how to
articulate such sounds.

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated

with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are [p],
pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k],
pronounced with the back of the 4tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f ]
and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and
[m] and [n], which have air flowing through the nose (nasals).

B. Classification of Consonant

Producing a consonant involves making the vocal tract narrower at some

location than it usually is. We call this narrowing a constriction. Which
consonant you're pronouncing depends on where in the vocal tract the
constriction is and how narrow it is. It also depends on a few other things,
such as whether the vocal folds are vibrating and whether air is flowing
through the nose. We classify consonants along in three major dimensions:

1. Place of Articulation
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The place of articulation (or POA) of a consonant specifies where in the

vocal tract the narrowing occurs.

2. Manner of Articulation

Speech sounds also vary in the way the airstreams is affected as it flow
form the lungs up and out of the mouth and nose. It may be blocked or
practically blocked; the vocal cords may vibrate or not vibrate. It refers to
this as the manner of articulation. The process by which the moving column
of air is shaped called the manner of articulation.

3. Voicing

The vocal folds may be held against each other at just the right tension
so that the air flowing past them from the lungs will cause them to vibrate
against each other. We call this process voicing. Sounds which are made
with vocal fold vibration are said to be voiced. Sounds made without vocal
fold vibration are said to be voiceless.

C. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Symbols for English consonant

sound.

The International Phonemic Alphabet (IPA) is a standardized phonemic

alphabet that has a direct sound to symbol equivalence. English has 24
consonant phoneme sounds. Phonemes are the sounds that mark the
difference between words as opposed to allophones which are sub-
pronunciations of phoneme sounds (which will be discussed after phonemes).
 4

The following table includes ALL 24 consonant phoneme sounds in the

English language :

Figure 1: The IPA

All of the symbols above should be pretty familiar and easy to guess
what sound they make if learners familiar with the English alphabet.
However, from the 24 symbols seven do not come from the Roman alphabet
(the alphabet that English uses), which are: /ð/ = The,  θ = Three, /ʃ/ = Shin,
/tʃ/ = Cheese, /dʒ/ = Judge. The reasoning behind the use of different
symbols is that the Roman alphabet only consists of 21 consonant letters (and
there are 24 consonant sounds) and some letters do not make good symbols
because they represent different sounds that are represented by other letters
which could make things confusing.

The writers are focused in severe letters included the examples as follow
below.

1) Chapter 18 My nice banker

Bilabials Consonant

Bilabials or Bilabial consonants are a type of sound in the group of labial

consonants that are made with both lips (bilabial) and by partially stopping the air
coming from the mouth when the sound is pronounced (consonant). There are
sounds in English : /m/ and /p/.
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Figure 2. Bilabials Consonant

Me More Lemon Swim Some Summer

Film
/mi/ /mɔ:/ /'lemən/ /swɪm/ /sʌm/ /ˈsʌmə(r)/
/fɪlm/
Comb Autumn Same Room Moon Man Rumour
/kəʊm/ /ˈɔːtəm/ /seɪm/ /ruːm/ /muːn/ /mæn/ /ˈruːmə(r)/
1. /m/

 More for you, most for me.

 Someone makes me mad in the middle of the film.
 Sometimes in summer.

Palato-alveolars Consonant

There are Palato-alveolars Consonant sounds in English : /n/ /t/ /s/ and /l/.
Articulated with the blade or tip of the tongue approaching or touching the
alveolar ridge and the main body of the tongue near the hard palate; having a
primary alveolar articulation and a secondary palatal articulation.

Figure 3. Palato-alveolars Consonant

2. /n/

Knee None Moon Sun Mine Know

/niː/ /nʌn/ /muːn/ /sʌn/ /maɪn/ /nəʊ/

Sunny Soon Nice Nine Dinner Teen

 6

/ˈsʌni/ /suːn/ /naɪs/ /naɪn/ /ˈdɪnə(r)/ /tiːn/

 A sunny afternoon.
 Sun and moon.
 None of the teens joined the competition.

Palato-alveolars Consonant

Velar sounds are produced with the back of the tongue against the soft palate.
They are actually called dorso - velar. There are three velar sounds in English
/g/ /k/ and /ŋ/, the first one is voiceless, the last two are voiced.

Figure 4. Velars Consonant

3. /ŋ/

Morning Ring Angry Finger

/ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ /rɪŋ/ /ˈæŋɡri/ /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/

Uncle Evening Longer Sing

/ˈʌŋkl/ /ˈiːvnɪŋ/ /'lɒŋɡə/ /sɪŋ/

Sing Single Bank Think

/sɪŋ/ /ˈsɪŋɡl/ /bæŋk/ /θɪŋk/  Thinking
about
things.
 A hungry man is an angry man.
 A long evening working in a bank.
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2) Chapter 19 “How lifes runs on”

The /h/ sound.
The /h/ sound is a voiceless or unvoiced sound. This means that your vocal
chords do not vibrate when you make this sound. Instead, you use a puff of air to
produce the sound

The /h/ sound makes little sound. It is a very quiet sound. It is made by passing

air through your mouth. 

To make the sound, lightly constrict your throat and breath out through your
mouth. When done correctly, your vocal chords will not vibrate. The shape of
your lips will depend on the spelling of the word.

Hat Whole Whom How

/hæt/ /həʊl/ /huːm/ /haʊ/

Him Half Behind Hill

 8

/hɪm; ɪm/ /hɑːf/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /hɪl/

Here Whose Who Hot

/hɪə(r)/ /huːz/ /hu:/ /hɒt/

Help Hard Holiday Hunt

/help/ /hɑːd/ /ˈhɒlədeɪ; /hʌnt/
ˈhɒlədi/

1. Hi. Hello. How are you?

2. We had a whole month’s holiday.
3. Could you help me for half an hour?

The /l/ and /r/ sound.

The /l/ consonante sound, there are two /l/ sounds in English.

 The /l/ is light sound. The /l/ is light if it comes before the vowel or
diphthong in the syllable. To make the light /l/, place the tip of your
tongue just behind your top teeth. Your breath should pass along both
sides of the tongue and through both sides of the tongue and through the
open lips. (limb, lot, popular, blog, less, and low).
 The /l/ is dark sound. The /l/ is dark if it comen after the vowel or
diphthong in a syllable. The dark /l/ is similar, except have the tip of your
tongue further back. /r/ is very close to the dark /l/, except the tip of your
tongue should not touch the roof your mouth.
The /r/ consonant sound
The big thing to remember is that when you say /r/, YOUR TONGUE SHOULD
NOT TOUCH THE TOP OF YOUR MOUTH. It should be bunched up towards
the back of your mouth with the tip pointing towards the top of your mouth (BUT
NOT TOUCHING).
 9

/l/

Learn Million Feel Little

/lɜːn/ /ˈmɪljən/ /fiːl/ /ˈlɪtl/

Adult Yellow Leave Lovely

/ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/ /ˈjeləʊ/ /liːv/ /ˈlʌvli/

Language Help People Alone

/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ /help/ /pi:pl/ /əˈləʊn/

1. Look at those lovely little yellow flowers.

2. Learning a language can be very difficult for adults.
3. I will help millions of people to live well.
 10

/r/

Write Really Right Room

/raɪt/ /ˈriːəli; ˈrɪəli/ /raɪt/ /ruːm; rʊm/

Ready Battery Rail Wrist

/re:di/ /ˈbætri; ˈbætəri/ /reɪl/ /rɪst/

Sorry Wrong Road Refill

/ˈsɒri/ /rɒŋ/ /rəʊd/ /riː'fɪl/

1. Too much writing makes my wrist ache.

2. I am ready sorry- your room isn’t raedy.
3. I don’t know if I am right or wrong.

3) Chapter 20 “What’s the news”

The /w/ sound.

The voiced labio-velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in
certain spoken languages, including English. It is the sound denoted by the letter
⟨w⟩ in the English alphabet;[1] likewise, the symbol in the International Phonetic
Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨w⟩, In most languages it is a labialized
velar approximant [ɰʷ], and the semivocalic counterpart of the close back
rounded vowel [u] - i.e. the non-syllabic close back rounded vowel. In inventory
charts of languages with other labialized velar consonants, /w/ will be placed in
the same column as those consonants. When consonant charts have only labial and
velar columns, /w/ may be placed in the velar column, (bi)labial column, or both.
The placement may have more to do with phonological criteria than phonetic
ones.[2]
Some languages have the voiced labio-prevelar approximant,[3] which is
articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the
prototypical voiced labio-prevelar approximant, though not as front as the
prototypical labialized palatal approximant.
 11

Week Wet Way Warm Winter Windy Walk

/wi:k/ /wet/ /weI/ /wɔ:m/ /’wIntə(r)/ /’wIndi/ /wɔ:k/

Well What When Where Which One Win

/wel/ /wɒt/ /wen/ /weə(r)/ /wItʃ/ /wʌn/ /wIn/

Away Watch Wash Weather Question Quiet Swim

/ə’weI/ /wɒtʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /’weðə(r)/ /’kwestʃən/ /’kwaIət/ /swIm/

Quit Square Queen Quarrel Quail Squad Quake

/kwIt/ /skweə(r)/ /kwi:n/ /’kwɒrəl/ /kweIl/ /skwɒd/ /kweIk/

 Where will you be waiting ?

 What’s the question ?
 Swimming in warm water will wash your stress away.
 Quarter to twelve on Wednesday.
 Walking on water is what we would like to do.

Palatal Approximant
The voiced palatal approximant is a type of consonant used in
many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that
represents this sound is ⟨j⟩. 

To produce the j sound, raise the sides of your tongue to the roof of your
 12

mouth and voice out through your mouth while lowering the back of your tongue.
The middle and front of your tongue should be touching the roof of your mouth to
begin with. Then you voice outwards and drop your tongue away from the roof of
your mouth. The air flows out through the centre, between the sides of your
tongue.

The voiceless palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a

few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that
represents this sound is ⟨ j̊  ⟩, the voiceless homologue of the voiced palatal
approximant.
The palatal approximant can in many cases be considered
the semivocalic equivalent of the voiceless variant of the close front unrounded
vowel [i̥ ]. The two are almost identical featurally.
This sound is essentially an ordinary English ⟨y⟩ (as in year) pronounced without
vibration of the vocal cords. This sound is uncommon in English, although it was
reported in Harold Orton's The Phonology of a South Durham Dialect.[1]
It is found as a phoneme in Jalapa Mazatec and Washo as well as Kildin Sami.

/j/

Yes Year Young Yogurt Unique Yak You

/jes/ /jIə(r);j3(r)/ /jʌŋ/ /’jɒgət/ /ju’ni:k/ /jæk/ /ju;ju:/

Yard Usual View News University Qubic Yawn

/ja:d/ /’ju:ʒəl;’ju:ʒəl /vju/ /nju:z/ / /kubic/ /j:n/o
/ ju:nI’v3:səti/

Yank Yacht Yam Music Europe Yesterday Yap

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/jæŋk/ /jat/ /jæm/ /’mju:zIk/ /’jʊərəp/ /’jestədeI;’jestə /jæp/

di/

Mute Muse Mutant Mutate Amuse Communication

/ /mju:z/ /’mju:tənt / /ə’mju:z/ /
mju:t/ / mju;’təIt/ kə,mju:nI’keIʃIn
/

 I usually walk to work but i used the car yesterday.

 You’re a young university student in 2015.
 I’m waiting in a queque for an interview.
 We enjoy the beautiful view in York.
 You should study communication skills in Europe.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Firstly, as the final words of the this paper based from chapter 12 untill 14,

consonant are sounds produced with a partial closure of vocal tract. Depending

on what type of closure the speaker does (in combination with other factors) a

different consonant will be pronounced, and based from paper, consonant can be

analyzed according to several features: place of articulation, manner of

articulation,etc.

Secondly, . the writers hope the readers could understand every single

consonant letter and words to pronounce in the correct form and can use in daily

basis conversation or speaking.

Thirdly, the writers are expected learners could performance their

pronunciation skill in gaining their self-confidence and increase their social

interaction in society.
 14

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Purwanto, Andri S.S.,M.Hum. Ayu Bandu Retnomurti,S.S.,M.Hum. Dewi

Mutiara Indah Ayu, S.S.,M.Hum. 2020. Pronunciation Practice

Jakarta : Unidra Press.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.youdao.hindict. Accesed

March 25,2020.

http://www.learnlanguagesonyourown.com/places-of-articulation.html. Accessed

April 2, 2020.
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14
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APPENDIX 1 CHAPTER 18
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APPENDIX 2 CHAPTER 19
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APPENDIX 3 CHAPTER 20
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APPENDIX PPT
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