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Unit 1

The document contains 5 revision units about mechanics: 1) Explains using Newton's laws of motion why a falling leaf reaches terminal velocity while an apple hits the ground first. 2) Calculates the deceleration, distance travelled, and sketches a distance-time graph for a supertanker slowing to a stop over 1 hour. 3) Plots a graph of speed vs. time and calculates average acceleration for a car accelerating to 26 m/s over 30 seconds. 4) Calculates the resultant force on each truck in a train accelerating uniformly from rest to 16 m/s over 4 minutes, and draws a free-body diagram for one truck. 5) Calculates the gravitational potential

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114 views2 pages

Unit 1

The document contains 5 revision units about mechanics: 1) Explains using Newton's laws of motion why a falling leaf reaches terminal velocity while an apple hits the ground first. 2) Calculates the deceleration, distance travelled, and sketches a distance-time graph for a supertanker slowing to a stop over 1 hour. 3) Plots a graph of speed vs. time and calculates average acceleration for a car accelerating to 26 m/s over 30 seconds. 4) Calculates the resultant force on each truck in a train accelerating uniformly from rest to 16 m/s over 4 minutes, and draws a free-body diagram for one truck. 5) Calculates the gravitational potential

Uploaded by

jayani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVISION UNITS 1

1) An apple and a leaf fall from a tree at the same instant. Both apple and leaf start at the same height
above the ground but the apple hits the ground first. You may be awarded marks for the quality of
written communication in your answer. Use Newton’s laws of motion to explain why

(i) the leaf accelerates at first then reaches a terminal velocity, (3)
(ii) the apple hits the ground first.(2)

2) A supertanker of mass 4.0 × 108 kg, cruising at an initial speed of 4.5 m s–1 , takes one hour to come
to rest.
(a) Assuming that the force slowing the tanker down is constant, calculate
(i) the deceleration of the tanker, (2)
(ii) The distance travelled by the tanker while slowing to a stop (2)
(b) Sketch using the axes below, a distance- time graph representing the motion of the tanker until it
stops (2)
(c) explain the graph sketched (2)
3) A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 26 m s–1 . The table shows how the speed of the car varies
over the first 30 seconds of motion.

Time /s 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0


Speed/ ms-1 0 16.5 22.5 24.5 25.5 26.0 26.0

(a) plot a graph for the above data


(b) calculate the average acceleration of the car over the first 25s
(c) use your graph to estimate the distance travelled by the car in the first 25s.
(d) sketch a graph to show how the resultant force acting on the car varies over the first 30 s of motion
(e) Explain the shape of the graph you have sketched in part (d), with reference to the graph you plotted
in part (a).

4) The diagram shows three trucks which are part of a train. The mass of each truck is 84 000 kg.

A B C Motion The train accelerates uniformly in the direction shown from rest to 16 m s–1 in a time
of 4.0 minutes.
a) Calculate the resultant force on each truck.(3)
b) The force exerted by truck B on truck C is 11 200 N. Draw a free-body force diagram for truck B,
showing the magnitudes of all the forces. Neglect any frictional forces on the trucks. (4)
c) The total mass of the train is 3.0 × 106 kg. Calculate the average power delivered to the train
during the accelerating process. (3)
5) A granite block is suspended at rest just below the surface of water in a tank (Figure i). The block is
now released and falls 0.80 m to the bottom (Figure ii).

a) The volume of the block is 3.0 × 103m-3, and the density of granite is 2700 kg m–3 . Calculate the
gravitational potential energy lost by the block as it falls. (3)
b) Although the overall water level has not changed, the water has gained gravitational potential
energy. Explain why (1)
c) The gravitational potential energy gained by the water is less than that lost by the granite block.
Explain this.

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