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Lecture 24 - 4-21-20 - S - Diff

The document discusses the topics of diffraction and reciprocal lattices. It provides reminders about final project deadlines for a class on microstructural characterization techniques. It then covers diffraction concepts like reciprocal lattices, structure factors, and diffraction rules. Examples are given for calculating reciprocal lattices and structure factors.

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Aneek M. Noor
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61 views31 pages

Lecture 24 - 4-21-20 - S - Diff

The document discusses the topics of diffraction and reciprocal lattices. It provides reminders about final project deadlines for a class on microstructural characterization techniques. It then covers diffraction concepts like reciprocal lattices, structure factors, and diffraction rules. Examples are given for calculating reciprocal lattices and structure factors.

Uploaded by

Aneek M. Noor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MSE 510 – Microstructural Characterization

Techniques - Lecture 24
• Reminders:
• Final Project Deadlines – Final Paper and Presentation for ALL Groups are due
on Friday, April 24, 2020 at 11:59 PM.
• Links for uploading the paper and presentation on BB are both posted in the
“Submit Final Project Here” folder.
• Paper upload – each student must submit
• Presentation upload – only 1 student per group must submit and make sure to follow
directions for the video upload.
• Pandemic pick-me-up
• Diffraction – Introduction, Reciprocal Lattice, Structure Factor

Apr. 21, 2020 1


Remember your PPE…
Diffraction
• What aspects of materials are we interested in with respect to
diffraction?

• What can we learn from diffraction?

• What types of particles/waves are typically used for diffraction


analyses?
Recall Diffraction Experiments …
Recall Diffraction Experiments - 2 …

m
sin   m  1, 2, 3, ...
W
Recall Diffraction Experiments - 3 …

One Slit

Two Slits

m
sin  
d http://physics.kenyon.edu/coolphys/FranklinMiller/protected/Diffdouble.html
Diffraction in Crystals
Wavelengths of Particles and Photons
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 1
• Consider a planar wavefront (flat wavefront and k is normal to this
wavefront)

BOOKS
DOCS
FINANCE
WALLET
CALENDAR
DRIVE
GMAIL
NEWS
PLAY
YOUTUBE
MAPS

Williams & Carter, 2013.


Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 2
• Consider a planar wavefront (flat wavefront and k is normal to this
wavefront)

BOOKS
DOCS
FINANCE
WALLET
CALENDAR
DRIVE
GMAIL
NEWS
PLAY
YOUTUBE
MAPS

Williams & Carter, 2013.


Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 3
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 4
Reciprocal Lattice
• What is it?

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Rcprwrld2.png
Bravais Lattices

http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sangals/crystosim/crystaltut.html
Construction of the Reciprocal Lattice
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 1
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 2
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 3
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice – 4
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice – 5
Example of Determining Reciprocal Lattice
Visualization of X-ray Interactions with Crystal
to Produce Reciprocal Lattice
http://www.xtal.iqfr.csic.es/Cristalografia/archivos_04/reciprocal-space.gif
Notation

Williams & Carter, 2013.


How to Produce the Reciprocal Lattice from a
Given Crystal Structure? - 1
Diffraction Rules

Unit Cell Type Allowed Reflections Forbidden Reflections


Primitive Any H,K,L None
Body-centered H+K+L = 2n (even) H+K+L = 2n+1 (odd)
Face-centered H,K,L all odd or all even H,K,L mixed odd, even
FCC Diamond H,K,L all odd H,K,L mixed odd, even
H,K,L all even and H+K+L = 4n H,K,L all even and H+K+L 4n
Hexagonal (HCP) L even L odd and H+2K = 3n
H+2K 3n
Interplanar Spacing
How to Produce the Reciprocal Lattice from a
Given Crystal Structure? - 2
Why Do We Need the Structure Factor and
What Is It?
Structure Factor - 1
Structure Factor - 2
Example of Structure Factor Calculation

e2πi = e4πi = e6πi = 1


eπi = e3πi = e5πi = -1

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