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Sample Mass and Energy Balance

The document describes the components and process of a distillation column. It includes a vertical shell where liquid separation occurs, trays/plates or packings to enhance separation, a reboiler to provide vaporization, a condenser to cool and condense vapors, and a reflux drum to hold condensed vapor so liquid can be recycled to the column. It also provides a sample mass and energy balance for a distillation process, solving for flow rates, compositions, and other variables. Pressure is 1 atm and heat of reaction is calculated.

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205 views5 pages

Sample Mass and Energy Balance

The document describes the components and process of a distillation column. It includes a vertical shell where liquid separation occurs, trays/plates or packings to enhance separation, a reboiler to provide vaporization, a condenser to cool and condense vapors, and a reflux drum to hold condensed vapor so liquid can be recycled to the column. It also provides a sample mass and energy balance for a distillation process, solving for flow rates, compositions, and other variables. Pressure is 1 atm and heat of reaction is calculated.

Uploaded by

n
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distillation Column

vertical shell - where the separation of liquid components is carried out.

trays/plates and/or packings- used to enhance component separations

reboiler -to provide the necessary vaporization for the distillation process

condenser- to cool and condense the vapor leaving the top of the column

reflux drum- to hold the condensed vapor from the top of the column so that liquid
(reflux) can be recycled back to the column
Sample Mass and Energy Balance

ṁ3

1.0 kgmol A

ṁ 1

0.03 kgmol B

0.97 kgmol C

kgmol ˙ kgmol
ṁ 2=5300 m4 =1200
hr hr

( 1−x 2 ) kg A 0.70 kgmol A

x 2 kgmol B ( 0.3−x 4 ) kgmol B


x 4 kg C

ṁ5

0.60 kg B

0.40 kgmol C

90% C exits in ṁ 5

Overall Balance:

kgmol ˙ kgmol
˙
m 1+ 5300 =m 3+ 1200 + ṁ 5 (1)
hr hr

B bal:

0.03 m 1+ x2 ( 5300 )=( 0.3−x 4 ) ( 1200 ) +0.60 ṁ 5 (2)

C bal:

˙ ) +0.40 ṁ (3)
0.97 m1=x 4 ( 1200 5

Since ṁ 3 is half the flowrate of ṁ 1

m3=0.5
˙ ṁ1

0.90 ¿
m 5=2.1825
˙ ṁ 1

From eq (1) Substitute ṁ 3 and ṁ 5

m1+ 5300=0.5 ṁ1˙+1200+2.1835


˙ ṁ1 (1)

kgmol
ṁ 1=2435.40
hr
˙ kgmol
m5=5315.27
hr
˙ k gmol
m3=1217.7
hr

From eq (3) Substitute ṁ 1 and ṁ 5

˙ ) +0.40 ṁ
0.97 m1=x 4 ( 1200 5

0.97 ( 2435.40 ) =x˙4 ( 1200 )+ 0.40(5315.27)

x 4 =0.1969

From eq (2) Substitute x 4 , ṁ 1 and ṁ 5

0.03 m 1+ x2 ( 5300 )=( 0.3−x 4 ) ( 1200 ) +0.60 ṁ 5

˙
0.03(2435.4 )+ x 2 ( 5300 )=( 0.3−0.1969 ) ( 1200 )+ 0.60 (5315.27¿) ¿

x 2=0.6113

Pressure: 1 atm

ΔH = QR + QC

hA = CpL,C5(TA − TF) = (39.7)(309 − 303)(1.8) = 428.8 Btu/lbmol

hB = CpL,C6(TB − TF) = (51.7)(342 − 303)(1.8) = 3,629.3 Btu/lbmol

QR = AhA + QC + BhB = (1,500)( 3,629.3) + 4.574×107 + (1,000)(428.8) = 5.1613×107 Btu/hr


kg
ṁ 3=1217.7
hr

1.0 kg A

kg
ṁ 1=2435.4
hr

0.03 kg B

0.97 kg C

kg ˙ kg
ṁ 2=5300 m4 =1200
hr hr

0.3887 kg A 0.70 kg A

0.6113 kg B 0.1031 kg B

0.1969 kg C

ṁ5

0.60 kg B

0.40 kg C

Reflux

Reflux is a process that involves simultaneous heating the chemical reaction for a
particular amount of time and continually cooling the vapor produced back into liquid
form, with the use of a condenser. The vaporthat was produced above the reaction will
continually undergo condensation, returning to the flask as a condensate. Through this
process, the temperature of the chemical reaction will remain constant.
Process Flow Diagram (Naphtha to Olefins)

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