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System of Linear Equations PDF

The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It includes solving simultaneous equations, determining consistency of systems, finding the number of solutions, expressing one vector as a linear combination of others, and determining linear dependence and independence of vectors.

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254 views2 pages

System of Linear Equations PDF

The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It includes solving simultaneous equations, determining consistency of systems, finding the number of solutions, expressing one vector as a linear combination of others, and determining linear dependence and independence of vectors.

Uploaded by

ABC DEF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun

Tutorial Sheet
Course: B. Tech. Subject: Mathematics I
System of Linear Equations
1. Solve with the help of matrices, the simultaneous equations:
2 x 1 + x 2 + 2 x 3 + x 4 =6, 6 x 1 -6 x 2 + 6 x 3 + 12 x 4 =36, 4 x 1 + 3 x 2 + 3 x 3 -3 x 4 =-1,

2 x 1 + 2 x 2 - x 3 + x 4 =10. Ans: x 1 =2, x 2 =1 x 3 =-1, x4=3.

2. Using matrix method, show that the equations 3x+3y+2z=1, x+2y=4, 10y+3z=-2 and 2x-3y-z=5 are
consistent and hence obtain the solution for x, y and z. Ans: x=2, y=1and z=-4.
3. Investigate for what values of λ and μ do the system of equations x + y + z=6, x+2y+3z=10,
x+2y+ λ z= μ have (i) No solution (ii) Unique solution (iii) Infinite solutions?
Ans: (i) λ=3, μ≠10 (ii) λ≠3 (iii) λ=3, μ=10.
4. Show that the equations -2x+y+z=a, x-2y+z=b and x+y-2z=c have no solution unless a+ b + c=0,
in which case they have infinitely many solutions. Find these solutions when a=1, b=1, c=-2.
Ans: x=k-1, y=k-1and z=k.
5. Find the values of k for which the system of equations (3k-8) x+3y+3z=0, 3x +
2 11 11
(3k-8) y+3z=0, 3x+3y+ (3k-8) z=0 has a non trivial solution. Ans: k= , , .
3 3 3

6. Show that the system of equations x + y + z=-3, 3x+y-2z=-2 and 2x+4y+7z=7 is not consistent.

7. For what value of k, the equations x + y + z=1, 2x+y+4z=k and 4x+y+10z= k 2 have a solution and
solve them completely in each case.
Ans: k=1,k=2.When k=1;x= -3 k 1 ,y=2 k 1 +1,z= k 1 , When k=2;x= 1-3 k 2 ,y=2 k 2 ,z= k 2 .

 1 2 1 
 
8. If A=  3  1 2  , find the values of  for which the matrix equation AX=O has (i) Unique solution (ii) More
 0 1  

solution. Ans: (i)  ≠1 (ii)  =1.


9. Apply the matrix method to solve the system of equations: x + 2y - z=3,
3x-y+2z=1, 2x-2y+3z=2 and x - y + z=-1 Ans: Unique solution, x=-1, y=4, z=4
10. Test the consistency and hence solve the following set of equations:
x 1 + 2 x 2 + x 3 =2, 3 x 1 + x 2 -2 x 3 =1, 4 x 1 -3 x 2 - x 3 =3, 2 x 1 + 4 x 2 +2 x 3 =4.

Ans: Unique solution x 1 =1, x 2 =0, x 3 =1

11. Verify that the following system of equations is inconsistent:


x + 2y +2 z=1, 2x+y+z=-2 3x+2y+2z=3 and y + z=0
1
12. Test the consistency of following system of equations:
5x +3y +7z=4, 3x+26y+2z=9 7 x +2y+11z=5. Ans: Consistent
13. Verify that the following set of equations has a non trivial solution:
x+3y-2z=0, 2x-y+4z=0, x-11y+14z=0
14. Verify that the following set of equations always has a non zero solution:
4x +3y - z=0, 3x+4y+z=0 x-y-2z=0 and 5x+ y -4 z=0.

15. Show that the system of equations x + 2y – 2u=0, 2x-y-u=0, x+2z-u=0 and 4x - y + 3z-u=0 do not have
a non trivial solution.
16. Test the consistency of following system of linear equations and hence find the solution:4 x 1 - x 2 =12,

44 4  32
- x 1 +5 x 2 -2 x 3 =0, 2 x 1 +4 x 3 =-8 . Ans: Unique solution, x 1 = , x2 = , x3 =
15 15 15

Linear Dependence and Independence

1. Show that the vectors x 1 =(1,2,4), x 2 =(2,-1,3), x 3 =(0,1,2)and x 4 =(-3,7,2) are linearly dependent and find

the relation between them. Ans: 9 x 1 -12 x 2 + 5 x 3 - 5 x 4 =0.

2. Find whether or not the following set of vectors is linearly dependent or independent:
[1, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1]. Ans: Linearly independent.

1 0 0
 
3. Show that the column vectors of A= 6 2 1  are linearly independent.
 4 3 2 

4. Show that the vectors X 1 = [ a1 , b1 ] and X 2 = [ a 2 , b 2 ] are linearly dependent if and only if a1 b2 - a 2 b1 =0.

5. Show that the vectors X 1 =[2,3,1,-1], X 2 =[2,3,1,-2] , X 3 =[4,6,2,1] are linearly dependent. Express one
of the vectors as a linear combination of others. Ans: 5 X 1 -3 X 2 = X 3
6. If X 1 =[3,1,-4], X 2 =[2,2,-3] and X 3 =[0,-4,1],then show that:
(i) The vectors X 1 and X 2 are linearly independent.

(ii) The vectors X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are linearly dependent.

7. Show that the vectors [1, 2, 4] and [3, 6, 12] form a linearly dependent set.

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