LESSON 1

Read the following text carefully!

Thomas Jefferson used the phrase Public Relations (PR) in the place of "State of thought"
while writing his seventh address to the US Congress. It carried on publicity that Public
Relations campaign is for promoting something through mass media and pamphlets. After
Second World War the Public Relations activity gained importance both privates as well as
Government started Public Relations campaigns. Investing on Public relations will help the
organization to achieve its objective smoothly, effectively. Public Relations is not creating
good image for a bad team. Though the organization product or services are good, it need
an effective Public Relations campaign for attracting, motivating the public to the product or
service or towards the purpose of the program. It is not only encouraging the involvement
from the public, but also resulting in better image. Effective Public Relations can create and
build up the image of an individual or an organization or a nation. At the time of adverse
publicity or when the organization is under crisis, effective Public Relations can remove the
misunderstanding and can create mutual understanding between the organization and the
public. Public Relations analyses the public perception & attitude, identifies the organization
policy with public interest and then executes the program for communication with the public.

A. Word, Phrase, Clause, and Sentence

 The smallest part of language is word.
 A group of word that has meaning but does not have subject or predicate is called as
phrase. For example: a blue car, new houses, several minutes, etc.
 A group of word that has meaning and consists of subject and predicate is called as
clause. There are two types of clause, independent clause and dependent clause.
Independent clause consists of a subject and a predicate, and it expresses a complete
thought. For example: The broadcasting staff edits the video in the studio. Dependent
clause consists of a subject and a predicate, but it doesn’t express a complete thought.
For example: When the news appears today. Independent clause is another name of a
sentence.
 A complete sentence at least must contain a subject and a predicate. A singular subject
needs a singular predicate. So does for the plural form. Example: A boy walks down the
hill; the students study English in library.
 A sentence needs to express a complete thought.
B. Part of Speech
Part of speech represents the class of words. Word is the smallest part of sentence, and it is
divided into several classes or parts based on their functions in building a sentence.
Part of Definition Example
speech
Noun Words that identify or name people, Common noun: teacher, girl, baby,
places, or things friend, house, school, room, restaurant,
car, dog, shoes, pencil, etc.
Proper noun: James, Lydia, New York
City, Grand Palace Hotel, XXI Cinema,
Ferrari, Samsung, Nike, Nikon, etc.

Pronoun Words that represent or replace Subjective: I, you, they, we, she, he, it
nouns Objective: Me. you, them, us, her, him,
it.
Possessive: My, your, their, our, her,
his, mine, yours, theirs, ours, hers, his,
its, this, that, those, these, etc.
Verb Words that describe the actions or Action verb: give, eat, walk, run, write,
states of being. read, sleep
No-action verb: is, am. are, was, were
Helping verb: does, do, did, have, had
Adjective Words that modify (add description) to Ugly, cute, hot, smart, beautiful, blue,
nouns and (occasionally) pronouns green, old, new, strong, hard, difficult,
easy, happy, etc.
Adverb Words that modify verbs, adjectives, Adverb of time: tomorrow, next month,
other adverbs, or even entire clauses this morning, last week, at 2 p.m., etc
Adverb of place: somewhere, here, in
the garden, at my room, etc
Adverb of manner: well, beautifully,
clearly, fast, etc
Conjunction Words that connect other words, Coordinating: and, or, for, nor, but, so,
phrases, or clauses, expressing a yet
specific kind of relationship between Correlative (works in pairs):
the two or more elements neither…nor, either…or, both…and, not
only…but also
Preposition Words that express a relationship About, above, after, before, behind,
between a noun or pronoun (known below, beside, between, by, for, from,
as the object of the preposition) and in, into, of, on, over, to, toward, under,
another part of the sentence until, with, without, etc.
Determiner Words that are placed in front of a The, a, an, that, this, those, these, etc.
noun to show what the noun refers to

Some basic rules about part of speech:

 Nouns take place of subject and object in a sentence, and verbs take place of predicate
in a sentence.
 In pronoun, pro = for, so pronoun = for a noun. Thus, pronoun takes place or represents
the noun.
 An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. It adds meaning by telling how, which one,
what kind, or describing noun in other ways.
 An adverb modifies a verb and tell more about it like how much, when, where, why, or
how.
 A preposition shows a relationship between noun and pronoun. It is used to show
location, time, direction, motion, manner, reason, or possession.
 Conjunction connects two words, phrases, or clauses.

Exercise 1
Find the words from text in Lesson 1 and put them in the table based on the part of speech.
List as much as possible words you can find for each part of speech.
Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb

Adjective Conjunction Preposition Determiner

Exercise 2
Following the example, mark parts of speech above each word of the sentences that follow.
Consult your dictionary as needed. Number 1 is done for you.
1. Thomas Jefferson used the phrase Public Relations while writing his seventh address to
n v det n n conj v pron adj n prep
the US Congress.
det n
2. Effective Public Relations create and build image of an individual or an organization or a

nation.

3. Public Relations campaign promotes something through mass media and pamphlets.

4. When the organization is under crisis, effective Public Relations can remove the

misunderstanding.

5. Public Relations analyses the public perception, identifies the organization policy with

public interest and executes the program to the public.

Exercise 3
Translate these sentences!
1. Public Relations adalah jembatan antara organisasi dengan publiknya.

………………………………………………………………………………………
2. PR berfungsi menumbuhkan hubungan publik yang baik.

………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Staf PR harus mampu meredam isu dan mencegah kesalahan pemahaman.

………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Tugas PR yaitu menyiapkan pers rilis dan menghubungi media massa.

………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Staf PR adalah lulusan jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi

………………………………………………………………………………………
 Essay Reading Assignment 1

Digital newspapers on their way

Traditional and digital news media might soon merge to produce daily newspapers
on iPads. This is if the plans of Apple owner Steve Jobs and newspaper mogul Rupert
Murdoch come to fruition. Industry rumors say the new newspaper will be called “The Daily”.
There might even be a name to replace newspaper, as the new project will, of course, be
paperless. There will be no print edition or even a Web edition of this new media. It will
download straight to the iPad or alternative tablet for an unbeatable price of 99 cents a week.
Jobs and Murdoch maybe are onto a winning thing here. The Apple boss has the technology
to be able to deliver digital news and Mr. Murdoch owns the world’s biggest news
corporation. They also both have a knack of knowing what people want.
There are reports that Murdoch is particularly interested in the iPad and how popular
it is. He told Fox Business this week that The Daily was his “Number one most exciting
project.” He seems to believe people will prefer to read the news on such a device rather
than a traditional broadsheet newspaper. There are advantages of the tablet over a paper,
such as the lack of origami-style gymnastics required to turn a page on a crowded train, or
avoid the corner getting soaked in milk at the breakfast table. Other more obvious benefits to
an iPad include the higher level of interactivity the user has with the news. Another
advantage for Mr Murdoch and his News Corporation is that he could increase revenues by
selling apps designed specifically for the iPad.