I) Phases of a formal review

1) Planning 
Selecting the personal, allocating roles, defining entry and exit criteria for more formal
reviews etc.
2) Kick-off 
Distributing documents, explaining the objectives, checking entry criteria etc.
3) Individual preparation 
Work done by each of the participants on their own work before the review meeting,
questions and comments 
4) Review meeting 
Discussion or logging, make recommendations for handling the defects, or make
decisions about the defects 
5) Rework 
Fixing defects found, typically done by the author Fixing defects found, typically done by
the author
6) Follow-up 
Checking the defects have been addressed, gathering metrics and checking on exit
criteria
 
II) Roles and responsibilities
Manager Decides on execution of reviews, allocates time in projects schedules, and
determines if the review objectives have been met
Moderator Leads the review, including planning, running the meeting, follow-up after
the meeting. 
Author The writer or person with chief responsibility of the document(s) to be reviewed.
Reviewers Individuals with a specific technical or business background. Identify defects
and describe findings.
Scribe (recorder) Documents all the issues, problems
 
III) Types of review
Informal review No formal process, pair programming or a technical lead reviewing
designs and code. 
Main purpose: inexpensive way to get some benefit.
Walkthrough Meeting led by the author, ‘scenarios, dry runs, peer group’, open-ended
sessions.
Main purpose: learning, gaining understanding, defect finding
Technical review Documented, defined defect detection process, ideally led by trained
moderator, may be performed as a peer review, pre meeting preparation, involved by
peers and technical experts
Main purpose: discuss, make decisions, find defects, solve technical problems and check
conformance to specifications and standards
Inspection  Led by trained moderator (not the author), usually peer examination,
defined roles, includes metrics, formal process, pre-meeting preparation, formal follow-
up process
Main purpose: find defects.
Note: walkthroughs, technical reviews and inspections can be performed within a peer
group-colleague at the same organization level. This type of review is called a “peer
review”.
 
IV) Success factors for reviews
Each review has a clear predefined objective.
The right people for the review objectives are involved.
Defects found are welcomed, and expressed objectively.
People issues and psychological aspects are dealt with (e.g. making it a positive
experience for the author).
Review techniques are applied that are suitable to the type and level of software work
products and reviewers.
Checklists or roles are used if appropriate to increase effectiveness of defect
identification.
Training is given in review techniques, especially the more formal techniques, such as
inspection.
Management supports a good review process (e.g. by incorporating adequate time for
review activities in project schedules). There is an emphasis on learning and process
improvement.

V) Cyclomatic Complexity
The number of independent paths through a program
Cyclomatic Complexity is defined as: L – N + 2P
L = the number of edges/links in a graph
N = the number of nodes in a graphs
P = the number of disconnected parts of the graph (connected components)
Alternatively one may calculate Cyclomatic Complexity using decision point rule
Decision points +1
Cyclomatic Complexity and Risk Evaluation
1 to 10a simple program, without very much risk
11 to 20 a complex program, moderate risk
21 to 50, a more complex program, high risk
> 50an un-testable program (very high risk)
 
Questions
1) Which of the following statements is NOT true:
a) inspection is the most formal review process
b) inspections should be led by a trained leader
c) managers can perform inspections on management documents
d) inspection is appropriate even when there are no written documents
 
2) Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review processes:
1. led by author
2. undocumented
3. no management participation
4. led by a trained moderator or leader
5. uses entry exit criteria
s) inspection
t) peer review
u) informal review
v) walkthrough
a) s = 4, t = 3, u = 2 and 5, v = 1
b) s = 4 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 1
c) s = 1 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 4
d) s = 5, t = 4, u = 3, v = 1 and 2
 
3) Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing:
a) No, because they apply to development documentation
b) No, because they are normally applied before testing
c) No, because they do not apply to the test documentation
d) Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality
 
4) In a review meeting a moderator is a person who
a. Takes minutes of the meeting
b. Mediates among people
c. Takes telephone calls
d. writes the documents to be reviewed
 
5)  Which of the following statements about reviews is true?
a) Reviews cannot be performed on user requirements specifications.
b) Reviews are the least effective way of testing code.
c) Reviews are unlikely to find faults in test plans.
d) Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
 
6) What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection? 
a) An inspection is lead by the author, whilst a walkthrough is lead by a trained
moderator.
b) An inspection has a trained leader, whilst a walkthrough has no leader.
c) Authors are not present during inspections, whilst they are during walkthroughs.
d) A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained
moderator.
 
7) Which of the following is a static test?
a. code inspection
b. coverage analysis
c. usability assessment
d. installation test
 
8) Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were
identified during the review meeting  
A. Moderator 
B. Scribe 
C. Reviewers 
D. Author
 
9) What is the main purpose of Informal review?
A. Inexpensive way to get some benefit
B. Find defects
C. Learning, gaining understanding, effect finding
D. Discuss, make decisions and solve technical problems
 
10) Which of the following is not a static testing technique?
a. Error guessing
b. Walkthrough
c. Data flow analysis
d. Inspections
 
11) Inspections can find all the following except 
a. Variables not defined in the code
b. Spelling and grammar faults in the documents
c. Requirements that have been omitted from the design documents
d. How much of the code has been covered
 
12) Which of the following artifacts can be examined by using review techniques? 
a) Software code
b) Requirements specification
c) Test designs
d) All of the above
 
13) Which is not a type of review?
a) Walkthrough
b) Inspection
c) Management approval
d) Informal review
 
14) Which of the following statements about early test design are true and which are
false?
1. Defects found during early test design are more expensive to fix
2. Early test design can find defects
3. Early test design can cause to the changes to the requirements
4. Early test design can takes more effort
a) 1 and 3 are true. 2 and 4 are false.
b) 2 is true. 1, 3 and 4 are false.
c) 2 and 3 are true. 1 and 4 are false.
d) 2, 3, and 4 are true. 1 is false
 
15) Static code analysis typically identifies all but one of the following problems. Which
is it?
a) Unreachable code
b) Faults in requirements 
c) Undeclared variables 
d) Too few comments
 
16) What is the best description of static analysis? 
a) The analysis of bath programs
b) The reviewing of test plans
c) The analysis of program code or other software a rtifacts
d) The use of black-box testing
 
17) What is the more important factor for successful performance of review?
a) A separate scribe during the logging meeting
b) Trained participants and review leaders
c) The availability of tools to support the review process
d) A reviewed test plan
 
18) Code Walkthrough is 
a. type of dynamic testing
b. type of static testing
c. neither dynamic nor static
d. performed by the testing team
 
19) Static Analysis 
a. same as static testing
b. done by the developers
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
 
20)  Which review is inexpensive?
a. Informal Review
b. Walkthrough
c. Technical review
d. Inspection
 
21) Who should have technical or Business background?
a. Moderator
b. Author
c. Reviewer
d. Recorder
 
22) The person who leads the review of the document(s), planning the review, running
the meeting and follow-up after the meeting
a. Reviewer
b. Author
c. Moderator
d. Auditor
 
23) Peer Reviews are also called as: 
a) Inspection
b) Walkthrough 
c) Technical Review
d) Formal Review
 
24) The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes the following 
a) Explaining the objective
b) Fixing defects found typically done by author
c) Follow up
d) Individual Meeting preparations

25) Success Factors for a review include: 

i. Each Review does not have a predefined objective
ii. Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively
iii. Management supports a good review process.
iv. There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement.
a) ii, iii, iv are correct and i is incorrect
b) iii , i , iv is correct and ii is incorrect
c) i , iii , iv are correct and ii is in correct
d) i, ii are correct and iii, iv are incorrect
 
26) Why static testing described as complementary for dynamic testing? 
a) Because they share the aim of identifying defects and finds the same types of defect. 
b) Because they have different aims and differ in the types of defect they find. 
c) Because they have different aims but find the same types of defect. 
d) Because they share the aim of identifying defects but differ in the types of defect they
find.
 
27) Which of the following statements regarding static testing is false?
a) Static testing requires the running of tests through the code
b) Static testing includes desk checking
c) Static testing includes techniques such as reviews and inspections
d) Static testing can give measurements such as cyclomatic complexity

28) Which of the following is true about Formal Review or Inspection? 

i. Led by Trained Moderator (not the author).
ii. No Pre Meeting Preparations 
iii. Formal Follow up process.
iv. Main objective is to find defects
a) ii is true and i, iii, iv are false
b) i, iii, iv are true and ii is false
c) i, iii, iv are false and ii is true
d) iii is true and I, ii, iv are false
 
29) The Phases of formal review process is mentioned below arrange them in the correct
order.
i. Planning ii. Review Meeting
iii. Rework iv. Individual Preparations 
v. Kick Off vi. Follow up
a) i,ii,iii,iv,v,vi
b) vi,i,ii,iii,iv,v
c) i,v,iv,ii,iii,vi
d) i,ii,iii,v,iv,vi 
 
30) Which of the following is Key Characteristics of Walk Through?
a) Scenario, Dry Run, Peer Group 
b) Pre Meeting Preparations
c) Formal Follow up Process
d) Includes Metrics