Revised-2018

DEPARTMENT OF LAW
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
B.A.LL.B. (HONS) III SEMESTER
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-I
Objectives:

The Constitution of India is recognized as the supreme law of the land. It is federal in
character and declares her as a democratic state. It enshrine the fundamental principles of
such state. The Constitution not only provides for the creation of organs of the state but also
their powers, functions, responsibilities and the obligations. The students should know the
genesis and special features alongwith the factors influencing the Constitution. Therefore, a
good understanding of the constitution as developed through different modes is necessary for
students of law. The following syllabus covers the aforesaid aspects.

UNIT-I: CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND KEY CONCEPT

1. Constitution & Constitutionalism – Meaning, Need, Content
2. Salient Features of Indian Constitution
3. Preamble

UNIT-II: THE EXECUTIVE

1. Position of President
2. Powers of President - Emergency Powers
3. Position & Powers of Prime Minister
4. Appointment, Functions, & removal of Governor

UNIT-III: PARLIAMENT
1. Parliamentary Privileges, concept, Origin, & Development
2. Parliamentary Privileges - Relationship with Fundamental Rights,
3. Codification of Parliamentary Privileges
4. Powers & Procedure for amendment
5. Doctrine of Basic Structure

UNIT-IV: THE JUDICIARY

1. Appointment and Removal of Judges
2. Jurisdiction of The Supreme Court
3. Original Jurisdiction
i. Advisory Jurisdiction

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 ii. Independence of Judiciary

UNIT-V: THE FEDERALISM

1. Concept and Development of Federalism
2. Essentials
3. Indian Federalism
4.Doctrine of
I. Pith & Substance
II. Repugnancy
III. Colourable Legislation

Recommended Readings:

1. H.M. Seervai : Constitutional Law of India, 3rd edition. pp. 133-44

2. M. Hidayatullah : Constitutional Law of India, Vol. I, pp. 13-14
3. M. Ghouse : Society and Law in India (1973)
4. P.K. Tripathi : Secularism: Constitutional Review and Judicial Review, 8 JILI
(1966) I
5. M.P. Jain : Constitution of India, pp. 340-42
6. A.V. Dicay : Introduction to the Study of Constitutional Law, Xth edition, pp.
325-27
7. Faizan Mustafa : Constitution & Article 356 (Chapter 1, II, V)
8. Badar Ahmad : Secularism and Religious Freedom under the Constitution of India-A
Critique 1992 SCJ(I) at p. 9
9. D.D. Basu : Constitution of India
10. V.N. Shukla : Constitution of India
11. J.N. Pandey : Constitution of India
12 Narendra Kumar: Constitutional Law of India
13 B.K. Sharma : Introduction to the Constitution of India
——

2
 DEPARTMENT OF LAW
B.A.LL.B. (HONS) III SEMESTER
LAW OF CONTRACT II
(REVISED-2018)
Objectives:
The objective of the law of contract here is to deal with discharge of contractual liabilities
between parties either through the acts of the parties or by the operation of the law along with
various remedies, measures of damages of breach of contract and penalties thereof available
under the Act. Here also the objective to deal with the specific contracts of Guarantee,
Indemnity, Pledge, and Agency is to know the related laws with the scope, nature and
creation of these contracts under the perspective of this Act.

Unit-I: DISCHARGE OF CONTRACT & REMEDIES

a) Anticipatory Breach of Contract
b) Discharge by frustration
c) Damages:
i. Remoteness of damages
ii. Measure of Damages

Unit-II: SPECIFIC CONTRACTS

a) Contract of Indemnity
i. Concepts ,Definition and Method
ii. Commencement of liability of the indemnifier
iii. Nature of indemnity clauses
iv. Right/Duties of Indemnifier, Indemnified and Surety

b) Contract of Guarantee
i. Concepts ,Definition and Method
ii. Kinds of Guarantee
v. Discharge of Surety's liability

c) Distinction between indemnity and Guarantee

Unit-III: SPECIFIC CONTRACTS

a) Contract of Bailment
i. Meaning and Distinction
ii. Rights and Duties of Bailor/Bailee, Pawnor/Pawnee
iii. Lien
iv. Termination of Bailment
b) Commercial utility of pledge transactions
c) Contract of Pledge

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Unit –IV: AGENCY –PART I
a) Nature of Agency
i. Definitions of Agent and Principal
ii. Essentials of relationship of agency

b) Creation of Agency:
i. By agreement,
ii. Ratification and
iii. Operation of law

Unit –V: AGENCY-PART II

a) Duties and Obligations of Agent
b) Relation of principal/agent, subagent and substituted agent
c) Termination of Agency

Recommended Readings:
1. Pollock & Mulla : Indian Contract and specific relief Acts
2. Avtar Singh : Law of contract
3. Atiyah & P.S. : An Introduction to the Law of Contract
4. Cheshire & Fifoot : Cases on the Law of Contract
5. R.K. Bangia :Indian Contract Act
6. Desai : Indian Contract Act, Sale of Goods and Partnership Act

Suggested Case laws:

1. Hadley v. Baxendale (1854) 9 exch 341
2. Adamson v. Jarvis (1827) 4 BING 66
3. Osman Jamal & SONS Ltd. v. Gopal Purshottam (1928) ILR 56 Cal 262
4. Pannalal Janakidas v. Mohanlal AIR 1951 SC 144

4
 Revised-2018
DEPARTMENT OF LAW
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) III Semester
CRIMINAL LAW -I

Objectives:
Criminal Law is a body of law that relates to crime. It regulates social conduct and proscribes
threatening, harming or otherwise endangering the health, safety and moral welfare of the
people. It includes the punishment of people who violates these laws. The Indian society has
changed very rapidly since Independence. A proper understanding of crimes, methods of
controlling them and the socio-economic and political reasons for their existence is now
extremely important in the larger context of India’s development, if students are to use their
knowledge and skill to build a just and humane society. The curriculum outlined here attempt
to bring in these perspectives.

UNIT-I:

1. Nature of Crime and Criminal Law

2. Elements of Crime
3. Principle of Legality
4. Territorial jurisdiction of the Indian Penal Code
Cases

1. Fowler v. Padget (1798) 7 T.R. 509

2. Harding v. Price (1948) 1KB. 695
3. R v. Allday (1837) 8 C & P, 136 at 139
4. R v. Prince (1875) L.R. 2 C.C.R. 154
5. Queen v. Tolson (1889) 23 Q.B.D. 168
6. Sherras v. De Rutzen (1895) 1 Q.B. 918
7. Cundy v. Le Cocq (1884) 13 QBD.207
8. Hobbs v. Winchester Corporation (1910) 2 K.B. 471
9. State of Maharastra v. M. H. George A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 722
10. Nathu Lal v. State of M.P. A.I.R. 1966 S.C. 43
11. Mubarak Ali Ahmad v. State of Bombay, A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 857
12. R v. Francis Cassidy (1867) 4 B.H.C. (Cr. C.) 17
13. Queen v. Nidha (1891) I.L.R. 14 All 38
14. Abhayanand Mishra v. State of Bihar A.I.R. 1961 S.C. 1698
15. State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub1980 Cr. L.J. 793

5
UNIT-II:

1. Constructive Liability SS-34-38 and 149 IPC

2. Nature of Punishment
3. Kinds of Punishment
i) Capital Punishment
ii) Commutation of sentence
iii) Imprisonment for non-payment of fine
iv) Enhanced punishment for certain offences

4. Criminal Attempt S-511 I.P.C.

Cases:

1. Barendra Kumar Ghose v. Emperor, 52 I.A. 40 (P.C.)

2. Mahboob Shah v. Emperor, 72 I.A. 148 (P.C.): A.I.R. 1945 P.C. 118
3. Kripal Singh v. State of U.P. A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 706
4. Ram Nath v. State of M.P. A.I.R. 1953 S.C. 420
5. Pandurang v. State of Hyderabad A.I.R. 1955 S.C. 216
6. Rishi Deo Pandey v. State of U.P. A.I.R. 1955 S.C. 331
7. Shree Kantiah v. State of Bombay A.I.R. 1955 S.C. 287
8. J.M. Desai v. State of Bombay A.I.R. 1960 S.C. 889
9. Krishna v. Maharastra A.I.R. 1963 S.C. 1413
10. Hira Lal Malik v. State of Bihar A.I.R. 1977 S.C. 2236
11. State of Punjab v. Mann Singh 1983 Cr. L. J. 229 (S.C.)
12. Kishori v. State of Delhi 1999 Cr. L. J. 584 (S.C.)
13. Jagmohan Singh v.State of U.P. 1973 Cr. L.J. 370
14. Rajendra Prasad v. State of U.P. 1979 Cr. L.J. 792
15. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab 1980 Cr. L.J. 636 (S.C.)
16. Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab 1983 Cr. L. J. 1457 (S.C.)
17. Javed Ahmad v. State of Maharastra 1984 Cri. L.J. 1909 (S.C.)
18. Triveni Ben v. State of Gujrat 1989 Cri, L. J. 870 (S.C.)
19. T. V. Vatheeswaran v. State of Tamil Nadu 1983 Cri. L. J. 481 (S.C.)

UNIT-III:

1. General Exceptions – Excuseable & Justifiable … S.S. 76-106

2. Defence of Mistake of Fact and Law …. S.S. 76 & 79
3. Protection of Judges acting Judicially and of persons acting in pursuance judgment of
order of Court of justice …. S.S. 77 & 78
4. Defence of Accident …..S. 80

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 5. Defence of Necessity … 81

Cases:
1. K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharastra A.I.R. 1962 S.C. 605
2. Shivaji v. State of Maharastra 1973 Cr. L. J. 1783 (S.C.
3. Barrow v. Issacs (1891) 1 Q.B. 417
4. R. v. Tolson (1889) 23 Q.B.D. 168
5. R. v. Prince (1875) L.R. 2 C.C.R. 154
6. Sheras v. De Rutzen (1895) 1 Q.B. 918
7. Cundy v. Le Cocq (1884) 13 Q.B.D. 207
8. Bhawoojivaji v. Mulli Dayal (1888) 12 Bon 377
9. State of W.B. v. Shew Mangal Singh and others 1884 Cr. L.J. 1683 (S.C.)
10. Jageshwar v. Emperor A.I.R. 1924, 24 Cr. L.J. 789
11. Shakir Khan v. Crown A.I.R. 1931 Lah. 54
12. Bhupendra Singh A. Chaudasama v. State of Gujrat 1998 Cr. L. J. 57 (S.C.)
13. Reniger v. Fogossa (1779) 21 How
14. Cope v. Sharpe (1912) 1 K.B. 496
15. Maleverger v. Spinke (1537) Dyer at 36
16. R. v. Dudley and Stephen (1884) 14 Q.B.D. 273

UNIT-IV:

1. Defence of Minority … S.S. 82-83

2. Defence of Insanity … S. 84
3. Defence of Intoxication … S.S. 85 & 86
4. Defence of Consent … S.S. 87-89
5. Defence of Duress … S.94

Cases:
1. Queen v. Lukhiri Agradanini (1874) 22 W.R. (Cr.) 237
2. Marsh v. Loader (1863) 14 C.B.N.S. 535
3. Hiralal v. State of Bihar 1977 Cr. L. J. 1921 (S.C.)
4. Mussammat Aimona (1864) 1 W.R. (Cr.) 43
5. R v. Arnold (1724) 16 St. Tr. 695
6. Lord Ferrer’s case (1760) 19 St. Tr. 885
7. Hadfield’s case (1800) 27 St. Tr. 128
8. Bowler’s Case (1821) Collinson Lumey 673
9. M’Naghten’s Case
10. A. G. for Northern Ireland v. Gallagher (1963) A.C. 349
11. Durham v. United State 214 F 2d 862
12. Sodeman v. R. (1936) 2 All E.R. 1138
13. D.P.P. v. Beard 1920 (A.C.) 479

7
 14. Regina v. Doherty 16 Cox C.C. 306 at 308
15. Basudeo v. State of Pepsu A.I.R. 1956S.C. 488
16. R. v. Meade (1909) 1 K.B. 865
17. R. v. Lipman (1970) 1 Q.B. 152
18. Mawji v. R. (1957) A.C. 126
19. R. v. Lord Mayor of London, (1886) 16 Q.B.D. 772
20. Bachan Lal v. State A.I.R. 1957 All 184.

UNIT-V:

Right of Private Defence as a Ground for Exemption from Criminal Liability

1. Right of Private Defence …SS 96-97
i) Against persons of unsound mind etc …S.98
ii) Acts against which there is no right of Private Defence …S.99
2. Right of Private Defence of Body … SS 100-102
3. Right of Private Defence of Property …SS 103-105
4. Right of Private Defence against deadly assault or harm to innocent person….. S.106
5. Abetment of a thing …. S.107
- Abetment in India of offence outside India … S-108.A
6. Criminal Conspiracy
i) Definition of Criminal conspiracy …S-120
ii) Distinction between SS. 120B and 107 IPC
iii) Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy -120 B
Cases:
1. Rajesh Kumar v. Dharamvir 1997 Cr. L.J. 2242 (S.C.
2. Buta Singh v. State of Punjab 1991 Cri L.J. 1464 (S.C.)
3. Jai Dev v. State of Punjab AIR 1963 SC 612
4. Onkarnath Singh v. State of U.P. AIR 1974 SC 1550
5. Ram Ratan v. State of Bihar AIR 1965 SC 926
6. Kesho Ram v. Delhi Administration AIR 1974 SC 1158
7. Baljit Singh v. State of U.P. AIR 1976 SC 2273
8. Domnic Varkey v. State of Kerala AIR 1971 SC 1208
9. DeoNarain v. State of U.P. AIR 1973 SC 473
10.Amjad Khan v. State AIR 1952 SC. 165
11.Yashwant Rao v. Stat of M.P. AIR 1992 SC 1683
12.Vishwanath v. State of U.P. AIR 1960 SC 67
13.MunshiRam v. Delhi Administration AIR 1968 SC 702
14.Lakshmi Tiwari v. State of Bihar AIR 1972 SC 1058
15.Nathan v. State of Madras AIR 1973 SC 665
16.Mohd. Hussain Umer Kochra v. K.S. Dalipsinghji AIR 1970 SC 45
17.Fakhruddin v. State of M.P. AIR 1967SC1326
18.Kehar Singh v. State (Delhi Administration) AIR 1988 SC 1883
19.State of Tamil Nadu v. Nalini AIR 1999 SC 2640

8
 20.Ajay Agarwal v. Union of India AIR 1993 SC 1637

21. B. H. Narsimha Rao v. Govt. of A.P. AIR 1996 SC 64

22. Central Bureau of Investigation v. V.C. Shukla AIR 1998 SC
23. P.V. Narasimha Rao v. State (CBI/SPE) AIR 1998 SC 2120
24. Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab 1994 Cri L.J. 3139
25. State of Maharastra v. Abdul Aziz AIR 1962 Bom 243
26. State of Punjab v. Iqbal Singh AIR 1991 SC1532
27. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana AIR 1998 SC 958
28. Ram Kumar v. State of M.P. 1998 Cr. L.J. 952

Suggested Readings:

1. G. Williams : Criminal Law (Relevant Parts)

2. Jerome Hall : General Principle of Criminal Law (Relevant Parts)
3. S. Huda : Principles of Law of Crimes in British India (Relevant Parts)
4. H. L. A. Hart: Punishment and Responsibility (Relevant Parts)
5. Stephen : History of the English Criminal Law (Relevant Parts)
6. Hari Singh Gaur : Indian Penal Code
7. Cressey Sutherland: Principles of Criminology (Relevant Parts)
8. S. N. Misra : The Indian Penal Code
9. Pillai P.S.A. : Criminal Law
10. Ratan Lal & Dhiraj Lal : Indian Penal Code
11. K. D. Gaur : Criminal Law Cases
12. Essays on the Indian Penal Code by Indian Law Institute (Published on the occasion
of “The Centenary of the Indian Penal Code

—ܻ—

9
 Revised-2018
DEPARTMENT OF LAW
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH, ALIGARH
LEGAL LANGUAGE-III (BLLB 306)
BALLB (HONS.) IIIrd SEMESTER

Aims& objectives:-
 To develop the interpretation, comprehension and analytical ability of the students.
 To acquire and appreciate the vocabulary and grammar relevant for legal discourse.
 To make the students practice and develop relevant drafting and writing skills
needed within the framework of a particular legal document.
 To develop the litigation skills in the students and to enhance relevant and
meaningful oral communication skills required in professional context
 To develop the skills of effective writing.

UNIT 1: Law and Literature

a. Mr. Havlena’s Verdict …………by Karel Capek

b. In the Court ………....by Anton Chekhov
c. Advice to a young person interested in a career in the Law............by Justice
Felix FrankFurter
(Comprehension of texts for their detailed analysis. Passages for reference to context)

UNIT II: Grammar,Vocabulary and Pronunciation

a. Phrasal Verbs used in Legal English
b. Foreign Maxims of Law
 Actus Non FacitReum, Nisi Men Sit Rea
 ActioPersonalisMoritur Cum Persona
 De Minimis Non Curat Lex
 Audi Alteram Partem
 Delegatus Non-PotestDelegare

10
  Ex NudoPacto Non- OriturActio
 Ubi Jus IbiRemedium
 Damnum Sine Injuria
 Injuria Sine Damno
 IgnorantiaFactiExcusat, Ignorantia Juris Non-Excusat

c. Legal Terminology
d. Words often confused and misused (Homonyms & Homophones)

UNIT III: Drafting Legal Documents: Language and Structure

a. Affidavit
b. Complaints
c. Bail Application
d. Deed (Sale deed, Will deed)
UNIT IV: Speaking Skill

a. Court Advocacy
(Emphasis should be given on Structure of a civil trial, Examination-in-chief, Cross
examination, Modes of address in court, Accepted language etc.)
Teacher may give any model situation for role play

b. Negotiation
(Emphasisshould be drawn upon negotiation style & strategies, qualities of a good
negotiator, the negotiation process, negotiation ploys, suggested language etc.)
Model situation is to be provided by the teacher for oral practice.

c. Making Presentation(with and without multimedia).

(making presentation slides, presentation skill & strategies, language, Do’s & Don’ts)

d. Debate
(skill and strategies, language, mode of address, Do’s & Don’ts)
(topics of academic & professional nature to be given by the teacher for practice)

UNIT V: Writing Skill

a. Essay writing
b. Précis writing
c. Translation of legal texts from English to Hindi & Hindi to English

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Suggested Readings

1. Wren and Martin: High School English Grammar and Composition

2. Tickoo and Subramaniam: A Functional Grammar with Usage and
Composition
3. Raymond, M: Essential English Grammar
4.Mishra, P.K.: Legal Language and Legal Writing
5. Fitikides, T.J.: Common Mistakes in English
6. Mckay, W.R.& Charlton H.E.: Legal English- How to Understand and Master the
Language of Law
7. Haigh. R Legal English.

8.Balasubramanian,T . A Textbook of Phonetics for Indian Students.

9. Sasikumar, V., &Dhamija, P.V: Spoken English- A Self-Learning Guide to
Conversational Practice.
10. Chaturvedi, R.N. : Pleading, Drafting and Conveyancing.
11. Mohan and Raman: Advanced Communicative English: A
Comprehensive Course for Undergraduate
Learners

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 Revised-2018
DEPARTMENT OF LAW
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
B.A.LL.B. (HONS) III SEMESTER
ECONOMICS- I

Objectives:
The study of economics involves analytical analysis how scare resources are allocated to
various areas of production and distribution.. It emphasizes the importance of making choices
between desirable alternatives. The study of economics provides tools to make these choices
in such areas as employment, economic growth, price stability and trade. The course is
valuable not for the topics it studies, but also for its methods of analysis. Presently, economic
analysis of law is an important area of application of microeconomic theories in legal
studies. Economic tools are used to analyse the effects of laws, to asses economically
efficient legal rules and predicts legal rules to be promulgated.

UNIT-I:

1. Definition of Economics:
a). Adam Smith

13
 b). Marshall
c). Robbins

2. Classification of Economics:
a). Micro and Macro Economics

i) Concept
ii) ii) Importance
iii) iii) Interdependence

b). Static & Dynamic Economics

i) Concept
ii) Importance

1. Concept of Equilibrium in Economics

i) Short period ii). Long period

iii). Partial iv). General

UNIT-II:

1. Importance of Economics in Law

2. Utility Analysis : Marginal Utility Analysis
3. Indifference Curve Analysis
4. Consumer’s Surplus

UNIT-III:
1. Law of Demand : Concept & Determinants of demand
2. Elasticity of Demand : Price, Income & Cross Concept, Degree & Measurement
3. Concept of Cost : Total Cost, Fixed Cost, Variable Cost, Average Cost, Marginal Cost,
Relationship between Average Cost and Marginal Cost.
4. Concept of Revenue : Total Revenue, Average Revenue, Marginal Revenue, Relation
between Average and Marginal Revenue.

UNIT-IV:
1. Classification of Market Structure
2. Equilibrium of the firms
3. Perfect Competition
4. Monopoly
5. Monopolistic Competition
6. Oligopoly (only characteristics)

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UNIT-V:

1. Factor Pricing: Marginal Productivity Theory

2. Theory of Rent :
i. Concept of Rent in Economics
ii. Ricardian Theory of Rent
iii. Quasi-Rent

3. Theory of Interest:
i. Classical Theory of Interest
ii. Loanable Fund Theory
iii. Liquidity Preference

Suggested Readings:

1. Advanced Economic Theory: Microeconomic Analysis , H.L. Ahuja,

Ed. 1998..
2. Modern Economic Theory, K.K. Dewett, Ed. 1997.
3. Economics for Law students, K.C. Gopalakrishanan & Ramdass, Ed.
1996.
4. Microeconomic Analysis Edward Shapiro Ed. 1992.
5. Microeconomic Theory, M.C. Vaish, Ed. 2000..
6. A text book of Economic Theory, A.W. Stonier & D.C. Hague, Fifth
Ed. pp.
7. Microeconomic Analysis : R.R. Barthwal Ed.1992
8. Modern Microeconomics, A.Koutsoyiannis, Ed. 1985
9 Economics, Paul A Samuelson & William D. Nordhous, Ed. 1998
10. Law & Economics, Robert Cooter & Thomas Ulen, Fourth Ed
11. Economics Analysis of Law, Richard A. Posner, Sixth Ed.

Revised-2018
DEPARTMENT OF LAW
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
B.A.L.L.B. (HONS) III SEMESTER
HISTORY - III
LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF INDIA

Objectives:
The objective is to teach students about the evolution and development of legal institutions
and ideas in pre-colonial India.

UNIT-I: JUSTICE AND LAW IN ANCIENT INDIA.

(a) Sources- Vedas, Arthashastra, Manusmriti.
(b) Perception of Justice: Caste, Gender and Nayaya.
(c) Judicial Organization: Judicial Procedure, Courts and Judges

15
UNIT-II: JUSTICE AND LAW IN MEDIEVAL INDIA.
(a) Sources of Islamic Law- Shariat, Zawabit, Dharmashastras and Custom.
(b) Judicial Organization under the Sultanate: Barani on Justice, role of the qazi and other
officials, Civil Suits and Criminal Justice.
(c) Changes under the Mughals: Abul Fazal’s concept of Justice, Judicial officials,
Punitive System and Crime control.

UNIT-III: JUSTICE AND LAW IN COLONIAL INDIA.

(a) Early developments- Charters of East India Company, Regulating Act, Pitts India Act.
(b) Development of Personal law
(c) Development of Criminal laws

UNIT-IV: SOCIAL HISTORY OF LAW IN COLONIAL PERIOD.

(a) Social construction of crime and criminality.
(b) Criminal tribe, Caste, and Class.
(c) Women and law.

UNIT-V: NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND INDIAN CONSTITUTION.

(a) Indian Council Act 1861, 1892 and.
(b) Government of India Act 1909, 1919 and 1935.
(c) Rights of citizens in the Constitution of India.
Suggested Readings:
1. A C Banerji and D K Chosh: Comprehensive History of India.
2. Janaki Nair: Women and Law in Colonial India.
3. Bijay Kisor Acharyya: Codification In India (Tagore Law Lectures 1912).
4. Radhika Singha, A Dispotism of Law Crime and Justice in Early Colonial India.
5. A.B. Keith- Constitutional History of India.
6. Bernard S Cohn: Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India.
7. Nicholas B Dirks: Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India.
8. Ranajit Guha: Subaltern Studies.
9. R S Sharma: Political Ideas and Institution during Ancient India.
10. D D Basu: An Introduction to the Constitution of India.
11. M Basheir Ahmad: Judicial Administration during Medieval India.

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