Proteins and Enzymes
Notes.
Rahul Pals INVERTIS INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, 9/5/2020
#. PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES: Chemical Constituents:
Proteolytic enzymes also called “protease” It contains 15.5% Nitrogen and 1.2%
Sulphur.
A group of enzymes that break the long
The fruits yield lauric, myristoleic,
chainlike molecules of proteins into palmitoleic and arachidic acids.
shorter fragments (peptides) & their
components, amino acids. Uses:
The proteolytic enzymes are as following: As digestant, as anathematic (nematode),
manufacture of proteolytic preparations of meat,
❑ Papain, Bromelain, Serratiopeptidase,
lever, and casein as meat tenderizer &
urokinase, Streptokinase & Pepsin etc.
preparation of tooth pastes and cosmetics.
#. PAPAIN #
#. BROMELAIN #
Synonyms: Papayotin, Vegetable Pepsin.
Synonyms: Bromelin or bromelain.
Biological Source: Papain is the dried and
Biological Source: Bromelain is isolated from
purified latex of the green fruits and leaves of
the juice of Ananas Comosus (Pineapple),
Carica Papaya L., belonging to family
belonging to family “Bromeliaceae”.
“Caricaceae”.
Geographical Source:
Geographical Source:
It is grown in almost all parts of the world including
The plant is cultivated in Sri Lanka, Tanzania,
India, China, Thailand, United States, Brazil,
Hawai, and Florida.
Philippines, Mexico, Hawaii, and Taiwan.
Characteristic:
Characteristics:
❑ Papain white or greyish-white, slightly ❑ The optimum pH is 5.0–8.0. The optimum
hygroscopic powder. temperature is between 50 and 60°C.
❑ It is incompletely soluble in water ❑ It is obtained in light browncoloured
and glycerol. powder.
❑ Temperature range of 60–90°C for
the digestive process.
❑ Best pH is 5.0, but it functions also in
alkaline media.
Proteins and Enzymes
Chemical Constituents: Uses:
It is the collection of enzymes and other The most widely prescribed anti-
compounds. inflammatory enzyme.
It eliminates inflammatory oedema
It is a mixture of Sulphur-containing
protein-digesting enzymes, called
and swelling, accelerate liquefaction
“Proteases”. of pus and sputum.
It also contains several other substances in As a fast wound healing agent.
smaller quantities, including peroxidase, It has applications in trauma surgery,
acid phosphatase, protease inhibitors, plastic surgery, respiratory
and calcium. medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology.
Uses:
As effective fibrinolytic agent, modify the #. UROKINASE #
permeability of organs and tissues to
different drugs, enhancing the body’s Synonyms: Uroquinase.
utilization of its own healing resources.
Biological Source: Urokinase is isolated from
It is useful in the prevention and treatment human urine and from human kidney cells by
tissue culture or recombinant DNA
of thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. It may
technology.
even be useful in the treatment of AIDS to
stop the spread of HIV. Characteristics:
Occurs in two different forms
#. SERRATIOPEPTIDASE # Single polypeptide chain.
Double polypeptide chain.
Synonyms: Serrapeptase.
It has a half-life of 10–16 minutes after intravenous
Biological Source: Serratiopeptidase is isolated administration. These enzymes act on an
from nonpathogenic enterobacteria Serratia E 15. endogenous fibrinolytic system.
It is also produced by the larval form of the silk
moth. Chemical Constituents:
Characteristics: Urokinase enzymes are serine proteases
that occur as a single low molecular
❑ Much vulnerable to degradation in the weight (33 kDa) & double high
acidic pH. molecular weight (54 kDa) polypeptide
❑ When consumed in unprotected tablet chain forms
or capsule, it is destroyed by acid in
stomach. A single chain is produced by recombinant
❑ One unit of the enzyme hydrolyses casein DNA technique and is known as “SCUPA”.
to produce colour equivalent to 1.0 μmol.
of tyrosine per minute at pH 7.5 and Uses:
35°C.
Treatment of pulmonary embolism, coronary
Chemical Constituents: Serratiopeptidase is artery thrombosis. It is generally administered
a proteolytic enzyme of protease type XXVI. The intravenously in a dose of 4,400 units/kg body
preparation contains 7.1 units/mg solid. weight per hour for twelve hours.
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Proteins and Enzymes
#. STREPTOKINASE # - Ranging in colour from light yellow to
light brown.
Synonyms: Estreptokinase or plasminokinase. - It is free from offensive odor & has
slightly acid or saline taste.
Biological Source: It is a purified bacterial
protein produced from the strains of group C Uses:
“β-haemolytic S. griseus”.
❑ It is used in the deficiency of gastric
Characteristics: secretion.
❑ Pepsin is also used in the laboratory
❑ Streptokinase is a bacterial protein with analysis of various proteins.
half-life of 23 minutes. ❑ The preparation of cheese, and other
❑ Its anisolylated plasminogen activator protein-containing food.
complex (APSAC) has a higher half-life of
six hours.
Chemical Constituents:
The purified bacterial protein with about 484
amino-acid residues.
Uses:
The first available agent for dissolving
blood clots.
Anisolylated Plasminogen Streptokinase
Activator Complex (APSAC) can also be
used in degrading blood clots.
Treatment of pulmonary embolism,
venous, and arterial thrombosis and
coronary artery thrombosis.
#. PEPSIN #
Biological Source:
It is the enzyme prepared from the mucous
membrane of the stomach of various animals like
pig, sheep, or calf. The commonly used species of
pig is “Sus scrofa Linn”, belonging to family
“Suidae”.
Identification Test:
➢ Based on proteolytic action of it.
➢ Coagulated egg albumin digested with a
pepsin sol. Residue albumen tested.
Description:
- Occur as lustrous, transparent or
translucent scales.
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