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FALLACIES

The document defines and provides examples of common logical fallacies, including false dilemma, appeal to ignorance, slippery slope, complex question, appeal to force, appeal to pity, appeal to consequence, bandwagon, attacking the person, appeal to authority, anonymous authority, and hasty generalization. Each fallacy is briefly defined and an example is given to illustrate how it occurs in arguments.

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Erica Jane Garcia Duque
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80 views

FALLACIES

The document defines and provides examples of common logical fallacies, including false dilemma, appeal to ignorance, slippery slope, complex question, appeal to force, appeal to pity, appeal to consequence, bandwagon, attacking the person, appeal to authority, anonymous authority, and hasty generalization. Each fallacy is briefly defined and an example is given to illustrate how it occurs in arguments.

Uploaded by

Erica Jane Garcia Duque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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False dilemma Occurs when an arguer presents “You are only allowed to study abroad.

If not,
his/her argument with only two then you should not study at all.’’
options despite the presence of
multiple possibilities.
Appeal to Ignorance Occurs when something is instantly The judge did not state his connection to the
concluded to be true just because it is defendant therefore, there isn’t.
not proven to be false and vice versa.

Slippery Slope Occurs when a series of increasingly “If you stop us from selling rice in a very high
superficial and unacceptable price then we will keep this rice to ourselves
consequences is drawn. and everyone would starve to death.”

Complex Question Occurs when two or more points are “Have you stopped being a penitant ?
rolled into one and the reader is
expected to either accept or reject
both at the same time when one point
may be satisfactory while the other is
not.
Appeal to Force Occurs when a threat instead of “If you don’t give what I am asking for then
reasoning is used to argue. you’ll have to meet my hungry tiger.”

Appeal to Pity Occurs when the element of pity is A poor mother brings her children in ragged
used instead of logical reasoning. clothes in front of the church every morning to
beg for alms.

Appeal to consequence Concluding that an Idea or If you do not live rightfully, your soul will not
proposition is true or false because rise to heaven when you die.
the consequences of it being true or
false is desirable or undesirable.
Bandwagon Occurs when an argument is Everybody agreed that the number one milk is
considered to be valid because it is mikmik because majority says so.
what the majority thinks.

Attacking the Person Occurs when someone tries to refute Jeisha’s statement cannot be trusted, she
an argument by attacking the graduated from a small public school on a
character of a person small island.

Appeal to Authority Occurs when the argument quotes an Daniel Padilla endorses the napkin “whisper”
expert who is not qualified in the for better all day movement.
particular subject matter.

Anonymous Authority The authority in the question is not The scientists recommend the brand “mikmik”
mentioned or named. for breast feeding moms.

Hasty Generalization Occurs when a sample is not Jeisha, the German journalist who visited the
significant or enough to support a island was mean and grumpy. Therefore all
generalization about a population. Germans are mean and grumpy.

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