MODEL QUESTION PAPER

QUESTION PAPER DETAILS

Course Stream Semester Subject Paper Code Chapter
6th
B.Tech Mechanical Air conditioning & ME-604A
Engineering Refrigeration

Module 1: Introduction

1 Mark Questions:

1. When the lower temperature is fixed, COP of a refrigerating machine can be improved by:
(a) Operating the machine at higher speeds
(b) Operating the machine at lower speeds
(c) Raising the higher temperature
(d) Lowering the higher temperature
2. The refrigerant – 12 (R – 12) used in vapour compression refrigeration system is:
(a) CHCIF2 (b) CCl2F2 (c) CHCl2F (d) CCIF3
3. The Co-efficient of performance (C.O.P) of a domestic refrigerator is
(a) Less than 1 (b) equal to 1 (c) more than 1 (d) unpredictable
4. The capacity of domestic refrigerator is in the range of -----------------
(a) 0.1 to 0.3 TR   (b) 0 to 3 TR    (c) 3 to 5 TR  (d)None of the above.
5. Which type of the following properties of a refrigerant is undesirable?
(a) High critical temperature (b) Low specific heat f liquid
(c) Low specific volume of vapour(d) high boiling point.
2 Mark Question:
1. Explain Designation of refrigerant?

3 Mark Questions:
1. Explain Recent trends in Refrigerants and explain why chlorine do not use as refrigerant in
Domestic refrigerator.

5 Mark Questions:

1. Describe the desired properties of ideal refrigerant.

2. Explain Recent trends in Refrigerants and explain why chlorine do not use as refrigerant in
Domestic refrigerator.

Module 2: Simple vapour Compression Refrigeration System

1 Mark Questions:
1. For simple vapour compression cycle, enthalpy at suction = 1600 kJ/kg, enthalpy at discharge from the
compressor = 1800 kJ/kg, enthalpy at exit from condenser = 600 kJ/kg. What is the COP for this
refrigeration cycle?
(a) 3·3 (b) 5·0 (c) 4 (d) 4·5
2. The condition of refrigerant after passing through the condenser in a vapour compression system.
(a) Saturated liquid (b) wet vapour (c) dry saturated vapors (d) superheated vapour
3. The correct sequence of the given components of a vapour compression refrigerator is:
(a)Evaporator, compressor, condenser and throttle valve
(b)Condenser, throttle valve, evaporator and compressor
(c)Compressor, condenser, throttle valve and evaporator
(d)Throttle valve, evaporator, compressor and condenser

2 Mark Question:

1. Define Volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor?

2. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a simple vapour compression system.
3. Discuss how suction pressure and superheating affects the performance of a vapour compression
system
4. Give the comparison between a vapour compression system and a vapour absorption
5. Show the vapour compression cycle on ‘Temperature-Entropy’ (T-s) diagram for the following
cases :
(a) When the vapour is dry and saturated at the end of compression.
(b) When the vapour is superheated after compression.
(c) When the vapour is wet after compression.

3 Mark Questions:

1. Calculate COP of vapour compression system running on ammonia (NH3) as refrigerant

between 25ºC
and – 10ºC such that the refrigerant is dry saturated at the end of compression and there is no
undercooling. Properties of NH3 are;

Temperarure Enthalpy (KJ/Kg) Entropy (KJ/kgK)

0
C hf hg sf
25 100.32 1228.92 0.3469
-10 -33.52 1345.96 -0.1379

2. What is meant by wet compression and dry compression in vapour compression cycles?
Explain.
3. Discuss the effect of the following on the performance of a vapour compression system :
(a) Effect of suction pressure (b) Effect of delivery pressure (c) Effect of superheating
4. In a standard vapour compression refrigeration cycle, operating between an evaporator
temperature of – 10°C and a condenser temperature of 40°C, the enthalpy of the refrigerant,
Freon-12, at the end of compression is 220 kJ/kg. Show the cycle diagram on T-s plane.
Calculate :
(a) The C.O.P. of the cycle.
 (b) The refrigerating capacity and the compressor power assuming a refrigerant flow rate
of 1 kg/min. You may use the extract of Freon-12 property table given below:

Temp hf hg
(0 C) (KJ/kg) (KJ/kg
)
-10 26.85 183.1
40 74.53 203.1

5 Mark Questions:

1. A vapour compression refrigeration system is found to produce 8640 kg of ice per day. The
condensing and evaporating temperature are 48 0C and -20 0C. Condenser and evaporator are the
outlets for Saturated liquid and vapour respectively. Compression is isentropic. Water at 35 0C is
used to form ice and temperature of ice is -8 0C. Heat flow into brine tank from surrounding may
be taken as 10 % of the total heat removed from the water to form the ice at -8 0C. Find the power
required to drive the compressor.
Assume specific heat of ice = 2.26 KJ/kg k. Latent heat = 334.72 KJ/kg, C water =4.18 KJ/kg k, Cpvapour
= 0.82 KJ/kg k

t P hf hg sf sg
0
C (bar) (KJ/kg) (KJ/kg (KJ/kg (KJ/kg
) k) k)
48 11.64 82.83 205.83 0.2973 0.682

- 1.51 17.82 178.74 0.0731 0.7087

20

1. Calculate COP of vapour compression system running on ammonia (NH3) as refrigerant between
25ºC
and – 10ºC such that the refrigerant is dry saturated at the end of compression and there is no
undercooling. Properties of NH3 are;

Temperarure Enthalpy (KJ/Kg) Entropy (KJ/kgK)

0
C hf hg sf
25 100.32 1228.92 0.3469
-10 -33.52 1345.96 -0.1379

2. 30 tonnes of ice from and at 0°C is produced in a day of 24 hours by an ammonia refrigerator.
The temperature range in the compressor is from 298 K to 258 K. The vapour is dry saturated at
the end of compression and expansion valve is used. Assume a co-efficient of performance of
 60% of the theoretical and calculate the power in kW required to drive the compressor. Latent
heat of ice is 334.72 kJ/kg

Temp (K) h f (KJ/kg) h g (KJ/kg ) s f (KJ/kg k) s g (KJ/kg k)

298 100.04 1319.22 0.3473 4.4852
358 -54.56 1304.99 2.1338 5.0585

Module 3: Air Refrigeration System

1 Mark Questions:
1. Air refrigeration cycle is used in
(a) Commercial refrigerators
(b) Domestic refrigerators
(c) Air conditioning
(d) Gas liquification
2 Mark Questions:
1. Describe the Gas refrigeration System and Draw P-V & T-s diagram
2. Define Isentropic efficiency of a compressor and Isentropic efficiency Turbine.
3 Mark Questions
1. Derive the COP for Gas Refrigeration System in terms of Pressure ratio
2. A gas refrigeration system working on Reversed Bryton cycle has a temperature of 250 K at the
inlet to the compressor. If the temperature at the end of Constant pressure cooling is 300K and the
rise in temperature of air in refrigerator is 50 K. find the net work input. Take C p = 1 kJ/kgk.

5 Mark Questions:

1. An air refrigeration system working on reversed Brayton cycle has refrigeration capacity of 10
ton and pressure ratio of 3. Pressure in refrigerated space is 1.4 bar, temperature of air at inlet to
compressor is 253 K and air is cooled to a temperature of 323 K in cooler. Considering Cp= 1.07
kJ/kg·K DetermineCOP of system, air circulation per minute, theoretical piston displacement
and power required.With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the operation of constant
current system and mention various requirements for the same.
2. A Bell-coleman refrigeration cycle of 75.8 kJ/s refrigeration capacity runs between pressures of 1
bar and 5 bar. Refrigerated space is maintained at 0ºC and ambient temperature is 300 K. For
isentropic efficiency of compression and expansion being 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. Determine
COP of system.
3. An air refrigeration system working on reversed Brayton cycle has refrigeration capacity of 10
ton and pressure ratio of 3. Pressure in refrigerated space is 1.4 bar, temperature of air at inlet to
compressor is 253 K and air is cooled to a temperature of 323 K in cooler. Considering Cp= 1.07
kJ/kg·K Determine
COP of system, air circulation per minute, theoretical piston displacement and power required.
4. In an aircraft Refrigeration air enters the compressor at the 0.1 MPa, 4 0 C and is compressed to
0.3 MPa with an isentropic efficiency of 72%. The air is then cooled to 55 0 Cat constant pressure
and is then expanded in a turbine to 0.1 MPa with an isentropic efficiency of 78%. The lower
 temperature air absorbs a cooling load of 3TR at a constant pressure before returning to the
compressor. Assuming air to be an ideal gas. Find
(a) COP (b) Net power input (c) Mass flow rate in kg/sec

Module 4: Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System

1 Mark Questions:

1. In vapour Absorption refrigeration, heat is rejected in:

(a) Condenser only (b) Generator only (c) Absorber only (d) Condenser & absorber

2 Mark Questions:
1. A Vapour absorption refrigeration system works with three thermal reservoir. A Refrigeration
effect of 100 Watt is required at 250K. when the three heat source is available at 400K. Heat
rejection occurs at 300K. Find the minimum value of heat required in Watt.

3 Mark Questions:
1. Describe the vapour absorption cycle for ammonia-water system and its working.
2. Derive the COP of Vapour absorption refrigeration system.

5.Mark Questions:
1. InNH3- H2o absorption system heat is supplied to the generator by condensing steam at 2 bar and
0.9 dryness fraction. The temperature to be maintain in the Refrigerator is – 10 0C and the ambient
temperature is 300C. find the maximum COP of the Refrigerator. If the actual COP is 40% of the
Maximum COP. And the refrigeration load of 20 TR. What will be the required steam rate at 2
bar, the saturation temperature is 1100C and hfg = 2201.9 KJ/kg
2. A Vapour absorption refrigeration system works with Generator, Ambient and evaporator
temperature as 360 K, 310 K, and 260 K respectively. Find the maximum COP of the system. If
the evaporator temperature fall to 250 K. what should be the Generator temperature in order to
operate the system with same COP.
3. InNH3- H2o absorption system heat is supplied to the generator by condensing steam at 2 bar and
0.9 dryness fraction. The temperature to be maintain in the Refrigerator is – 10 0C and the ambient
temperature is 300C. find the maximum COP of the Refrigerator. If the actual COP is 40% of the
Maximum COP. And the refrigeration load of 20 TR. What will be the required steam rate at 2
bar, the saturation temperature is 1100C and hfg = 2201.9 KJ/kg

Module5: Equipment and control

1 Mark Questions:
 1. The thermostatic expansion valve is also called
(a) constant pressure valve
(b) constant temperature valve
(c) constant superheat valve
(d) none of these

2 Mark Questions:

1.What are the functions of a refrigeration compressor?

2. What is multistage compression?

3. Write short note on Spray pond

3 Mark Questions:

1 Discuss the operation of a capillary tube in a refrigeration

5 Mark Questions:
1. What do you mean by Refrigeration controls? State the seven point where refrigerant
controls are used in a system.

Module 6: Ventilation

1 Mark Questions:

1. Round the clock cooling of an apartment having a load of 300 MJ/day requires an air-
conditioning plant of capacity about:
(a) 1 ton (b) 5 tons (c) 10 tons (d) 100 tons

2 Marks Question:

1. Write a short note on ‘by-pass factor’

3.Mark Question:

5Mark Questions:
 1. It is required to design an air-conditioning plant for a small office room for following winter
conditions:
Outdoor conditions ...... 14ºC DBT and 10ºC WBT
Required conditions ...... 20ºC DBT and 60% R.H.
Amount of air circulation ...... 0.30 m3/min./person.
Seating capacity of office ...... 60.
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic humidifying.
Determine the following:
(a) Heating capacity of the coil in kW and the surface temperature required if the bypass factor of coil is
0.4.
(b) The capacity of the humidifier.
Solve the problem by using Psychometric chart.

2. An air-conditioning plant for a small office room is operating with the following conditions:
Outdoor ...... 14ºC DBT and 10ºC WBT
Required ...... 20ºC DBT and 60% R.H.
Amount of air circulation ...... 0.30 m3/min./person.
Seating capacity ...... 60.
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic humidifying.
Determine the following:
(a) Heating capacity in kw of the coil and the surface temperature required if the bypass factor of coil is
0.4.
(b) The capacity of the humidifier.

Module 7: Basic definition and principles related to psychometry

1 Mark Questions:

1.The relative humidity, during cooling and dehumidification of moist air

(a) Increases (b) decreases
(c) Can increase or decrease (d) remains constant

2. During sensible cooling of air,

(a) its wet bulb temperature increases and dew point remains constant
(b) its wet bulb temperature decreases and the dew point remains constant
(c) its wet bulb temperature increases and the dew point decreases
(d) its wet bulb temperature decreases and dew point increases.

3. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) Dew point temperature can be measured with the help of thermometer
(b) Dew point temperature is the saturation temperature corresponding to the partial pressure of the water
vapour in moist air.
(c) Dew point temperature is the same as the thermodynamic wet bulb temperature.
(d) For saturated air, dew point temperature is less than the wet bulb temperature

4. During sensible cooling, wet bulb temperature

(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) remains constant (d) can decrease or increase.

5. During sensible heating of moist air, enthalpy

(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains constant (d) none of the above.
6. When the wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures are equal, which of the following statements is / are
correct?
(1) Air is fully saturated
(2) Dew point temperature is reached
(3) Partial pressure of water vapour is equal to the total pressure
(4) Humidity ratio is 100 %

(a) 1 & 2 (b) 1 only (c) 1,2 & 3 (d) 2 & 3

2 Mark Question

1.Write short notes on relative humidity, specific humidity, dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature,
wet bulb temperature

2. The atmospheric conditions are ; 20°Cand specific humidity of 0.0095 kg/kg of dry air. Calculate the
following:
(a) Partial pressure of vapour (b) Relative humidity (c) Dew point temperature.

3.The air supplied to a room of a building in winter is to be at 17°C and have a relative humidity of 60%.
If the barometric pressure is 1.01325 bar, find : (a) The specific humidity (b) The dew point under these
conditions.

4.0.004 kg of water vapour per kg of atmospheric air is removed and temperature of air after removing
the water vapour becomes 20°C. Determine :
(a) Relative humidity
(b) Dew point temperature.
Assume that condition of atmospheric air is 30°C and 55% R.H. and pressure is 1.0132 bar.
5.40 m3of air at 35°C DBT and 50% R.H. is cooled to 25°C DBT maintaining its specific humidity
constant. Determine :
(a) Relative humidity (R.H.) of cooled air ;
(b) Heat removed from air.

3 Mark Question

1. Derive expressions for the following make suitable assumption where necessary:
 (a) Specific humidity
(b)Degree of saturation
2. 2 kg of air at 15 0C DBT and 60 % RH is Adiabatic mixed with 3Kg of air at 30 0C DBT and 80C dew
point temperature; calculate the specific humidity of the mixture.

3. Define the following Psychometric processes and mention in Psychometric chart also

(a) Sensible Heating & Sensible Cooling

(b) Heating with Humidification
4. Define the following Psychometric processes and mention in Psychometric chart also
(a) Sensible Heating & Sensible Cooling
(b) Heating with Humidification
(c) Heating and Dehumidification
(d) Cooling with Dehumidification

5.1 kg of air at 35°C DBT and 60% R.H. is mixed with 2 kg of air at 20°C DBT and 13°C dew point
temperature. Calculate the specific humidity of the mixture.

6Define the following Psychometric processes and mention in Psychometric chart also

(a) Sensible Heating & Sensible Cooling

(b) Heating with Humidification

5 Marks Question

1.The sling psychrometer in a laboratory test recorded the following :

Dry bulb temperature = 35°C
Wet bulb temperature = 25°C.
Calculate the following:
(a) Specific humidity
(b) Relative humidity
(c)Vapour density in air
(d) Dew point temperature
(e) Enthalpy of mixture per kg of dry air
The atmospheric pressure can be taken as 1.0132 bar.

2.Derive the following relations:

(a) Specific humidity,

W = 0.622 p w / (pa-p w)

(b)Degree of saturation,
p− ps
µ=Փ
p− pw
3.120 m3 of air per minute at 35°C DBT and 50% relative humidity is cooled to 20°C DBT by passing
through a cooling coil.
 Determine the following :
(a) Relative humidity of out coming air and its wet bulb temperature.
(b) Capacity of cooling coil in tonnes of refrigeration.
(c) Amount of water vapour removed per hour

Module 8: Sensible Heat Factor. Heat load estimation

5 Marks Question

1.It is required to design an air-conditioning plant for a small office room for following winter
conditions :
Outdoor conditions ...... 14ºC DBT and 10ºC WBT
Required conditions ...... 20ºC DBT and 60% R.H.
Amount of air circulation ...... 0.30 m3/min./person.
Seating capacity of office ...... 60.
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic humidifying.
Determine the following :
(a) Heating capacity of the coil in kW and the surface temperature required if the by pass factor of coil is
0.4.
(b) The capacity of the humidifier.
Solve the problem by using Psychrometric chart.

Module 9: Duct Sizing & Design

1 Marks Question
 1. The duct is made of
(a) Galvanised iron
(b) (b) aluminium
(c) (c) fibre glass
(d) cement asbestos
(e) any one of the above
2 Marks Question
1. What is aspect ratio?
2. Name the three common methods of duct design. Why ‘aspect ratio’ is considered as very
important factor in duct design?
3 Marks Question

1. Define a fan. What type of fan is particularly suitable for an air conditioning system with
elaborate ducting?

5 Marks Question

1. Define a fan what type of fan is particularly suitable for an air conditioning system with elaborate
ducting? Describe briefly the following types of centrifugal fan and compare their performance
(a) Forward curved fans
(b) Backward curved fans

2. A 12 cm long duct passes air at the rate of 1.2 m 3/s. if the friction factor is 0.0048, calculate the
pressure drop in the following cases:
i) When the duct is circular of diameter 280 mm;
ii) When the duct is 280 mm square section.