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Comm Diseases

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ZaireXandraReyes
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50 views5 pages

Comm Diseases

Uploaded by

ZaireXandraReyes
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Etiologic Agent MOT Incubation Pathognomonic

(Mode of Transmission) Period sign

CNS:
ENCEPHALITIS Arbovirus Virus Vectorborne 5-15 days
MOSQUITO

MENINGITIS Bacteria Droplet except Tubercle Bacilli 1-10 days Stiff Neck/
Virus (Airborne) Nuchal rigidity

MENINGOCOCCEMIA Neisseria Bacteria Respiratory Droplet 3-4 days


Meningitis
RABIES Rhabdovirus Virus -Bite of an infected animal 2-8 wks
-aerosols (inhalation of bat..) up to
-man to man 1yr – 15 yrs
-airborne

TETANUS Clostridium tetani Bacteria Direct inoculation thru a broken skin Adult: Lock Jaw
(soil,dust,feces) 3days-3 wks (Trismus)
Neonate:
3-30days

POLIOMYELITIS Legio Debilitans Virus 1.Direct Contact with infected 7-21 days
FECES, RESP SECRETIONS
2. Indirect contact (LINENS &
ARTICLES
Diagnostic Procedures Pharmacologic Isolation Precaution
CSF Analysis (Lumbar Tap) - 1. Steroid – Dexamethasone / Decadron
↑CHON ↓CHO 2. Osmotic Diuretic – Mannitol
Normal CSF: clear transparency, 3. Anticonvulsant – Valium (Diazepam)
CHON 50-80; CHO 20-50 mg/dL 4. Antipyretics – NSAIDs
**NO ASPIRIN (REYE’S SYNDROME)**

A. Antibiotics a.Ceftriaxone b.Cefuroxime Respiratory


B. Mannitol (24-72⁰ after onset of antibiotics)
C. Phenytoin
1. Penicillin or Chloramphenicol
2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis: a. Rifampicin b. Ciprofloxacin

1. Fluorescent rabies antibody A. Thoroughly wash with soap and water


(definitive) B. Active immunization (Lyssavac, Imovax)
2. Negri bodies serologic test 2/3 @ site, 1/3 @ deltoid
(autopsy) If the dog died, 6 DOSES (0,3,7,14,30)
If not, 3 DOSES (0,3,7,14)

1. Tetanus Immunoglobulin (TIG)


2. Tetanus Anti toxin (neutralize toxins)
3. Penicillin (kill Clostridium) if allergic, Tetracycline (No to child
6-11 y/o, pregnant)
4. Diazepam (relieve muscle spasm), Phenobarbital (neonate)
5. NGT, tracheostomy
1. Stool culture 1. Analgesic NO MORPHINE (resp. suppression) ENTERIC
2. CSF culture 2. Moist heat application
3. Bedrest, rehab
4. SALK VACCINE (inactivated) IM
5. SABIN VACCINE ORAL
Signs and Symptoms

1.Disruption in cellular functioning 1. altered LOC 2. convulsions/seizure


2. Perivascular Congestion 1.↑ICP; headache; anisocuria; vomiting 2. Cushing’s triad (Bradycardia; Bradypnea; Widened PP/Systolic HPN)
3. Inflammatory Rxn --→ fever; sore throat
4. Meningeal Irritation -→ (+) Kernig’s sign; (+) Brudzinski’s sign

1. Headache 2. Stiff neck (Opisthotonus, Brudzinski, Kernig) 3. photophobia 4. frequent vomiting 5. ↓LOC 6. rashes (N. meningitides)
CLOSE CONTACT: H- ouse I- nfected person kissing S- ame daycare center S-hare mouth instruments
1. PRODORMAL/INVASION: fever, anorexia, sore throat, dysphagia, pain & tingling @ the site of the bite
2. EXCITEMENT/NEUROLOGICAL: hydrophobia (laryngospasm), aerophobia (bronchospasm), delirium, maniacal behavior (furious type), dumb
type (Silent type), drooling
3. TERMINAL/PARALYTIC: unconscious, loss of urine & bowel control, paralysis, death

1. @ SPINAL CORD: Trismus (painful spasm of masticatory muscles), Risus Sardonicus (facial nerve), Opisthotonus
2. BRAIN: convulsion, headache, irritability, laryngeal spasm

1.ABORTIVE: CNS (not invaded), headache, sore throat, fever, RECOVERY 72 hrs (dz passes by unnoticed)
2. PRE-PARALYTIC/MENINGETIC TYPE: slight CNS involvement, muscle pain & spasm, tansient paresis, (+) PANDY’S TEST (↑CHON @ CSF)
3. PARALYTIC TYPE: CNS involvement, flaccid paralysis, asymmetric, affects lower extremities, urine retention/constipation, (+) HOYNE’S TEST
(like a head lag)

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