Modern Era Energy Grid – A Smart Grid Overview

Dr. Shimi S.L

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Dept
NITTTR, Chandigarh
 CONTENTS

Conventional Grid Vs
Definition of Smart Grid Smart Grid

Technologies used in
Infrastructure of Smart Smart Grid
Grid
Contents
Smart Grid Projects in India
Components of Smart
Grid
Smart Grid Projects at
NITTTR Chandigarh
 What is a Smart Grid?
To a meter Engineer

It is Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

What is a Smart Grid?

To a Protection & Control Engineer

It is Substation & Distribution Automation

What is a Smart Grid?
To a Control Room Operator

It is Distribution & Outage Management

 What is a Smart Grid?

To a Design & Planning Engineer

It is Asset Management
What is a Smart Grid?
To an IT Engineer

It is the challenge of bringing it all together

What is a Smart Grid?

All together Smart Grid is a

Multidisciplinary area with lot of
research scope
 Definition of Smart Grid
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), USA defines smart grid as:

A modernized grid that enables bidirectional

flows of energy and uses two-way
communication and control capabilities that
will lead to an array of new functionalities and
applications.
 Definition of Smart Grid
The first official definition of Smart Grid was provided by the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007 which was approved by the US Congress

1. Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability,

security, and efficiency of the electric grid.
2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security.

Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable

3. resources.
Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energy-
4. efficiency resources.
Deployment of 'smart' technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that
5. optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering,
communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.
 Definition of Smart Grid

6. Integration of 'smart' appliances and consumer devices.

Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving

7. technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal storage
air conditioning.
8. Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.

Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliances and

9. equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.
Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adopt smart grid
10. technologies, practices, and services.
Information infrastructure

Smart Grid
Infrastructure
Increase energy and
operational productivity

Increase power reliability

and quality

Reduce CO2 emissions

Electrical infrastructure An Integrated System is the Solution to a

Complex Set of Challenges
 Components of Smart Grid

At the physical level, a Smart Grid comprises 5 fundamental components.

New Grid Components

 DG, Combined heat and power (CHP) , PHEVs, PV cells, WT etc.

Sensing and Control Devices

 Sensors, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), smart meters
 Components of Smart Grid
Communications Infrastructure
 Communication networks based on fiber-optics, µwave, IR, PLCC, GSM and CDMA
etc.

Automation and IT Backend

 High-end servers, middleware, data-storage unit, and data management systems

Advanced Analytics
 Advanced applications
 Smart Buildings to Smart Grid

Source : © Emerson Network Power, Energy System North

America Inc
Conventional Grid Vs Smart Grid
Decision Making
Massive New Data
Advanced Computation
 Existing Grid Smart Grid
 Electromechanical  Digital
 One - Way Communication  Two - Way Communication
 Centralized Generation  Distributed Generation
 Failures and Blackouts  Adaptive and Islanding
 Few sensors  Sensors Throughout
 Blind  Self - Healing
 Manual Restoration  Self - Monitoring
 Manual Check / Test  Remote Check / Test
 Hierarchical  Network
 Limited Control  Pervasive Control
 Technologies used in Smart Grid
Integration of renewable energy resources

Block Chain approach in  Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Energy Market   (PHEVs) – Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and
Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technologies

Outage Management Technologies

  HVDC & FACTS
Used

Weather Condition Information

Demand Side Management  
System (WCIS)

Demand control/response
 Technologies used in Smart Grid
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

 Advanced Energy Storage options : NaS

Virtual Power Plant (Sodium – Sulphur) battery (High energy
  density), Super Conducting Magnetic
Energy storage.

SCADA Technologies Microgrid

 
Used

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Cyber Security  
(AMI)

Big Data Management & Machine Learning
 Smart Grid Projects in India
Distribution Companies Beneficiaries Smart Grid Pilot Projects

21,800 consumers in the Mysore AMI, outage management, peak load management,
CESC (Karnataka)
Additional City area microgrid and distributed generation
AMI, outage management, peak load management,
15,000 consumers in the Guwahati
Assam PDCL power quality management and distributed
area
generation
39,400 consumers in Naroda and AMI, outage management, peak load management
Gujarat VCL
Deesa and power quality management
25,600 consumers in Baramati in
Maharashtra SEDCL AMI and outage management
the Pune district
Haryana BVN 30,500 consumers in Panipat City AMI and peak load management
Tripura SECL 46,000 consumers in Agartala AMI and peak load management
AMI, outage management, peak load management
Himachal Pradesh SEB 650 industrial consumers in Nahan
and power quality management
 Smart Grid Projects in India
State Consumers Project
Puducherry electricity
87,000 consumers AMI
department
JVVNL (Rajasthan) 2,600 consumers in Jaipur AMI and peak load management
Punjab SPCL 9,000 consumers in Amritsar outage management
4,400 consumers in Siliguri town in the
West Bengal SEDCL AMI and peak load management
Darjeeling district
AMI, outage management, peak load
11,900 consumers in the Jeedimetla suburb of
Andhra Pradesh CPDCL management and power quality
Hyderabad
management
Kerala SEB 25,000 industrial AMI
Chattisgarh SPDCL 500 industrial consumers in Siltara AMI
Smart Grid Projects at NITTTR Chandigarh

Solar powered Energy Efficient Class Room Automation Using PLC

01 and Lab Automation using Microcontroller.

02 Hybrid wind, PV and Fuel cell Microgrid.

03 Opal RT based HIL Grid simulator for Power System validation.

HIL Centre of Excellence in collaboration with Typhoon & Opal RT

04 (In Progress)
 Conclusion

Smart Grid assimilates the communication network along with

the information infrastructure and the electrical infrastructure
intelligently.
Conclusion
Many new technologies have involved for supporting, sensing,
controlling and human interfaces.
Challenges

Power demand is increasing and assets are Ageing

It should provides Clean, Secure and uninterrupted

power
Smart Grid should be able to Handle large data
intelligently
Electricity cost can be implemented similar to stock
market in smart grid
Outage management based on meter information
instead of consumer call - Customer Satisfaction
 References

[1] https://www.nist.gov/engineering-laboratory/smart-grid/smart-
grid-beginners-guide

[2] https://www.iitk.ac.in/ime/anoops/for15/ppts/Day-
2%20IITK/Smart%20Grid%20Concept%20&%20Deployment-
%20Dr.%20Saikat%20Chakrabarty.pdf

[3] Power Electronics and he Smart Grid, Dustin J Becker,

Emerson Network Power, Energy System North America Inc.