Scribd
Upload
66 views

Numerical Methods3

The document discusses numerical integration methods including Euler's method and the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. It provides examples of using each method to calculate the temperature of a cooling ball at various time steps. Euler's method becomes less accurate at higher time steps while Runge-Kutta provides more accurate results, even at a larger time step size of 240 seconds. Tables compare the calculated temperature values against the exact solution and how the error decreases with smaller step sizes.

Uploaded by

Kaiash M Y
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views

Numerical Methods3

The document discusses numerical integration methods including Euler's method and the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. It provides examples of using each method to calculate the temperature of a cooling ball at various time steps. Euler's method becomes less accurate at higher time steps while Runge-Kutta provides more accurate results, even at a larger time step size of 240 seconds. Tables compare the calculated temperature values against the exact solution and how the error decreases with smaller step sizes.

Uploaded by

Kaiash M Y
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Numerical methods

Wegstein Method
Wegstein Method
Wegstein Method
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
• EULERS ALGORITHM
• RUNGE KUTTA (4th ORDER)
EULERS ALGORITHM
Non-linear function

We need to know, where are we starting from that is initial conditions for x. Usually
this is at time equal to zero
EULERS ALGORITHM - Example
A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature of 300K.
Assuming heat is lost only due to radiation, the differential equation for the
temperature of the ball is given by

d
 2.2067  10 12  4  81  10 8 ,  0   1200 K
dt

Find the temperature at t  480 seconds using Euler’s method. Assume a step size of
h  240 seconds.
EULERS ALGORITHM - Example

Step 1:
d
 2.2067  10 12  4  81  10 8 
dt
f t ,   2.2067  10 12  4  81 10 8 
 i 1   i  f ti ,  i h
1   0  f t 0 ,  0 h
 1200  f 0,1200 240
 1200   2.2067  10 12 1200 4  81  10 8 240
 1200   4.5579 240
 106 .09 K
 is the approximate temperature at t  t1  t0  h  0  240  240
1
 240  1  106.09K
EULERS ALGORITHM - Example

Step 2: For i  1, t1  240, 1  106.09


 2  1  f t1 , 1 h
 106 .09  f 240 ,106 .09 240
 106 .09   2 .2067  10 12 106 .09 4  81  10 8 240
 106 .09  0.017595 240
 110 .32 K

2 is the approximate temperature at t  t 2  t1  h  240  240  480

 480   2  110.32 K
EULERS ALGORITHM - Example

Effect of step size


Table 1. Temperature at 480 seconds as a function of step size, h

Step, h (480) Et |єt|%


480 −987.81 1635.4 252.54
240 110.32 537.26 82.964
120 546.77 100.80 15.566
60 614.97 32.607 5.0352
30 632.77 14.806 2.2864

 ( 480)  647.57 K (exact)


Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method

For dy
 f ( x, y ), y (0)  y0
dx
Runge Kutta 4th order method is given by
1
yi 1  yi  k1  2k 2  2k3  k 4 h
6
where
k1  f  xi , yi 
 1 1 
k2  f  xi  h, yi  k1h 
 2 2 
 1 1 
k3  f  xi  h, yi  k 2 h 
 2 2 

k4  f xi  h, yi  k3h 
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example

A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature of


300K. Assuming heat is lost only due to radiation, the differential equation for
the temperature of the ball is given by
d
 2.2067  10 12  4  81 10 8 , 0   1200 K
dt

Find the temperature at t  480 seconds using Runge-Kutta 4th order method.
Assume a step size of h  240 seconds.
d
 2.2067  10 12  4  81  10 8 
dt
f t ,   2.2067  10 12  4  81 108 
1
 i 1   i  k1  2k 2  2k 3  k 4 h
6
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example

Step 1: i  0, t0  0,  0   (0)  1200

k1  f t0 ,  o   f 0,1200  2.2067 10 12 12004  81108   4.5579


 1 1   1 1 
k 2  f  t0  h, 0  k1h   f  0  240 ,1200   4.5579240 
 2 2   2 2 
 f 120,653.05  2.2067  10 12 653.054  81 108   0.38347
 1 1   1 1 
k3  f  t0  h, 0  k 2 h   f  0  240,1200   0.38347 240 
 2 2   2 2 
 f 120,1154.0   2.2067 10 12 1154.0 4  81 108   3.8954
k 4  f t0  h, 0  k3h   f 0  240,1200   3.984 240 
 f 240,265.10   2.2067  10 12 265.10 4  81 108   0.0069750
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example
1
1   0  k1  2k2  2k3  k4 h
6
1
 1200   4.5579  2 0.38347  2 3.8954  0.069750240
6
1
 1200   2.1848240
6
 675.65K

1 is the approximate temperature at

t  t1  t0  h  0  240  240

 240  1  675.65K
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example
i  1, t1  240,1  675.65K
k1  f t1 , 1   f 240,675.65  2.2067 10 12 675.654  81108   0.44199

 1 1   1 1 
k 2  f  t1  h, 1  k1h   f  240  240, 675.65   0.44199240 
 2 2   2 2 
 f 360,622.61  2.2067 10 12 622.614  81 108   0.31372
 1 1   1 1 
k3  f  t1  h,1  k 2 h   f  240  240,675.65   0.31372240 
 2 2   2 2 
 f 360, 638.00  2.2067 10 12 638.00 4  81108   0.34775
k 4  f t1  h, 1  k3h   f 240  240 ,675.65   0.34775240 
 f 480,592.19  2.2067 10 12 592.19 4  81108   0.25351
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example

1
 2  1  k1  2k 2  2k3  k4 h
6
1
 675.65   0.44199  2 0.31372  2 0.34775   0.25351240
6
1
 675.65   2.0184240
6
 594.91K
2 is the approximate temperature at

t 2  t1  h  240  240  480

 480   2  594.91K
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method-Example
Effect of step size
Table 1. Temperature at 480 seconds as a function of step size, h

Step size, h  (480) Et |єt|%

480 −90.278 737.85 113.94


240 594.91 52.660 8.1319
120 646.16 1.4122 0.21807
60 647.54 0.033626 0.0051926
30 647.57 0.00086900 0.00013419
 (480)  647.57 K

You might also like