Experiment No 8: To perform Boring Operation on Lathe
Theoretical Background
Boring Operation:
Boring operation involve the enlargement of a previously drilled
hole. Boring results in true circular hole which is not the case in drilling. Moreover,
the surface finish in boring is better than in drilling.
The work-piece may be supported in a chuck or fastened to a face plate for
boring operations depending upon the material to be machined. When boring is to be
performed on ends of long stock, the work-piece is mounted in chuck and a steady
rest is used to support the right end near the cutter bit. Some boring operations
require the use of special chuck-mounted mandrels to hold work-pieces that cannot
be successfully mounted otherwise.
Mount the work in a chuck; face, spot and drill the hole. Select a boring bar as
large as possible and have it extend beyond the holder only enough to clear the depth
of hole to be bored. Mount the boring bar holder in tool post on left-hand side of the
compound rest. Set the boring cutting tool to center. Set the lathe to the proper speed
and select a medium feed. Start the lathe and bring the boring tool into contact with
the inside diameter of hole. Take a light trial cut at the right-hand end of the work.
Stop lathe and measure the tool diameter with inside micrometer. Set the depth of cut.
Start lathe and bore it out. For good surface finish a fine feed is recommended.
Tool used:
Boring on Lathe is a cutting operation that uses a single-point cutting
tool or a boring head to produce conical or cylindrical surfaces by enlarging an
existing opening in a work piece. For non-tapered holes, the cutting tool moves
parallel to the axis of rotation. For tapered holes, the cutting tool moves at an angle to
the axis of rotation.
Geometries ranging from simple to extremely complex in a variety of
diameters can be produced using boring applications. Boring is one of the most basic
lathe operations next to turning and drilling. The boring process can be executed on
various machine tools, including general purpose or universal machines, such
as lathes.
Procedure:
Mount the work in a chuck; face, spot, and drill the hole approximately .060 in.
(1.5 mm) undersize.
Select a boring bar as large as possible and have it extend beyond the holder
only enough to clear the depth of the hole to be bored.
Mount the boring bar holder in the tool post on the left-hand side of the
compound rest.
Set the boring cutting tool to center.
Set the lathe to the proper speed and select a medium feed.
Start the lathe and bring the boring tool into contact with the inside diameter of
the hole.
Take a light trial cut [approximately .005 in (0.12 mm) or until a true diameter
is produced] .250 in. (6 mm) long at the right-hand end of the work.
Stop the lathe and measure the hole diameter with a telescopic gage or inside
micrometer.
Determine the amount of material to be removed from the hole.
Set the depth of cut for half the amount of metal to be removed.
Start the lathe and take the roughing cut.
Stop the lathe and bring the boring tool out of the hole without moving the
cross feed handle.
Set the depth of the finish cut and bore the hole to size. For a good surface
finish, a fine feed is recommended.
Calculations:
Material of work piece = Mild steel
Material of tool = HSS
Required Rpm’s = 375rpm
Drawbacks and Improvements:
Machining on the universal lathe machine is one of the old methods of
machining have a lots of errors because it has been done manually.
These errors could easily be reduced by using new model CNC (computerized
numeric controls) and NC (numeric controls) lathes in which measurements
and calculations is also automatically done.
These lathes could not be used in the production now-a-days. It requires other
types of lathes with multi spindle and which are automatically control.
Precautions
Always wear approved safety glasses. When operating a lathe, chips fly and it
is important to protect your eyes.
Never wear a ring or watch because it can cause serious injuries.
Always remove the chips with a brush and never with your hand or a cloth.
Steel chips are sharp and can cause cuts if handled manually or with a cloth
that has chips embedded in it.
Whenever polishing, filing, cleaning, or making adjustments to the work piece
or machine, always remove the sharp cutting tool from the tool holder to
prevent serious cuts on your arms and hands.
Always wear approved safety glasses. When operating a lathe, chips fly and it
is important to protect your eyes.
Roll up your sleeves, remove your tie, and tuck in loose clothing. Short sleeves
are preferable because loose clothing can get caught by revolving lathe dogs,
chucks, and rotating parts of the lathe. You can be drawn into the machine and
be seriously injured.
Conclusions:
Experiment is conducted with great care and boring of work material is done by HSS
tool at required RPM’s and learn how to operate lathe machine for boring operations
and how to deal with the quick gear box mechanism for the settings of RPM’s and
infers that boring is done right after the drilling.
