Utilization of Used Papers to

create an Eco-friendly
Plantable Paper

“Education starts with a piece of paper”

Coz, Mark Jeffry

Adviser
Utilization of Used Papers to create an Eco-friendly Plantable Paper

Oriental Mindoro National High School

J.P., Rizal St. San Vicente East, Calapan City

Capstone Research

Tayag, Joseph G.

Rosales, Alyza Jeane A.

Melendrez, Ian Carlo A.

Mascarinas, Phoebe Kate C.

Delos Santos, Klayd R.

Maadia, Roselito C.

Coz, Mark Jeffry

Adviser
 Table of Contents

CHAPTER I................................................................................................................................................3
Background of the study..........................................................................................................................3
Conceptual Framework............................................................................................................................5
Statement of the Problem........................................................................................................................5
Hypothesis...............................................................................................................................................5
Significance of the Study.........................................................................................................................6
Scope and Limitation...............................................................................................................................6
Definition of terms..................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER II...............................................................................................................................................7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...............................................................................................7
CHAPTER III............................................................................................................................................10
METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................10
A. Flow Chart....................................................................................................................................10
B. Variables.......................................................................................................................................11
C. Materials.......................................................................................................................................11
D. Procedures...................................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER IV...........................................................................................................................................14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................................................................14
CHAPTER V.............................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................17
Recommendation...................................................................................................................................17
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................18
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and
behavior at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technologies such as the printing
press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper became a relatively cheap
commodity which led to high level of consumption and waste. The rise in global environmental issue
such as air and water pollution, climate change, over flowing land pills and clear cutting have all lead to
increased government regulations. Although, there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and
paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, green house gas emissions, fossil fuel
consumption and clean up its impact on local water supplies and air pollution.

Paper usage is inevitable in all levels of schools especially in Oriental Mindoro National High
School. In an average classroom 25% of trash is coming from wastes and with that the proponents
discovered that used paper can be transform into an eco-friendly plantable paper.

Furthermore, eco-friendly plantable paper is a type of handmade paper that includes any number
of different plant seeds. The seeds themselves can still germinate and they can sprout when the paper is
planted in soil. According to [ CITATION Hei19 \l 1033 ], plantable paper is a biodegradable eco-paper that
is made with post-consumer materials and embedded with seeds. When the paper is planted in a pot o f
soil, the seeds grow and the paper composts away. All that is left behind is the vegetable, fruit, herbs, or
the flowers and no wastes.

Moreover, Papermakers have been producing paper including seeds in United States since 1941,
but international papermakers have practiced seed inclusion in the paper for centuries. Seed paper has
traditionally been handmade in smaller batches and is often made-to-order for clients. Sprouting seed
paper has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in the United States recently. This plantable seed paper can
be use for stationery, cards, invitations, and for decorative wraps. A wide variety of flower, vegetable,
and tree seeds can also be use in seed paper for decorative effect. The seeds and flowers in the paper can
create decorative effects and colors. Depending on the type of seed and the process used, different color,
thickness, and patterns can be created, according to [ CITATION hoe19 \l 1033 ].

In addition, plantable goods have both social and environmental value. Socially, seed-embeded
products can be beautify communities, contributing green space and happiness-inducing flowers or heavy
veggies virtually anywhere there’s soil. It can also transform the way of people think about trash:
plantable paper items are a creative way to reduce waste and repurpose used products. Environmentally,
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plantable goods can contribute to reforestation, which improves soil and wetland health, water quality,
and animal habitat. Seed paper is generally made from recycled materials and natural vegetable dyes.
When put to its intended use, seed paper is biodegradable and zero-waste. When everybody consider that
Calapan City generate approximately at least 10 thousand tons of trash and recycling each year, any
product that keeps materials out of the waste stream is worth trying.

The proponents decided to use oregano or “Origanum vulgare”. The leaves of oregano are heart-
shaped with toothed edges and which can grow for up to 9m in length. Oregano has strong aromatic
characteristic, with the leaves and stem that are fleshly. Leaves are the most useful part of the plant. The
extract and juices of such are used for asthma, chronic cough, bronchitis etc. The erectly spreading plant
has anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, vitamin A vitamin C and anti-viral
properties.

In addition, plantable seed paper is non- invasive, these species are not considered to be noxious
or invasive and most are considered to be tolerant. The seeds that will going to use in the paper is NON-
GMO or not genetically modified organisms, it contains seeds that are of the highest quality and
germination. The seeds we handle are not genetically modified.

To sum it up, paper can be bought at its cheaper price and consumption of paper is inevitable. The
proponents discovered that in an average room in Oriental Mindoro National High School consumed 5 kg
of used paper per week, with this the proponents come up with the study about “Utilization of used paper
to create an Eco-friendly Plantable paper”. Plantable paper or seed paper is a kind of eco-friendly material
with double purpose, it is use for invitation cards, stationery, for decorative wraps, etc. and it can be
planted on a soil to grow a plant like wildflowers, vegetables, fruits, etc. Plantable paper is a big help for
the problem on paper wastes and it can help our environment by its zero-waste and reforestation as a
purpose.

Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the quantity of used papers in Special Program in Journalism in Oriental Mindoro National
High School?

2. What is the vegetative growth of Origanum vulgare in the seed paper in terms of germination?

3. Based on the findings, is plantable paper effective to lessen the increasing amount of paper waste in
Oriental Mindoro National High School?

Hypothesis
Plantable paper is not an effective way to lessen the increasing amount of paper waste in Oriental
Mindoro National High School.

Significance of the Study

Considering the great help, this study “Utilization of Used Papers to make an Eco-friendly
Plantable Paper” will have a huge impact to the environment. Environmentally, plantable goods can
contribute to reforestation, which improves soil and wetland health, water quality, and animal habitat.
Seed paper is generally made from recycled materials and natural vegetable dyes. When put to its
intended use, seed paper is biodegradable and zero-waste. When everybody consider that Calapan City
generate approximately at least 10 thousand tons of trash and recycling each year, any product that keeps
materials out of the waste stream is worth trying.

Plantable paper or seed paper is a kind of eco-friendly material with double purpose, it is use for
invitation cards, stationery, for decorative wraps, etc. and it can be planted on a soil to grow a plant like
wildflowers, vegetables, fruits, etc. Plantable paper is a big help for the problem on paper wastes and it
can help our environment by its zero-waste and reforestation as a purpose, any product that keeps
materials out of the waste stream is worth trying.
Scope and Limitation
The estimated time range of the experiment from coalesces of used paper and seeds until it can be
planted on a soil is approximately 3-5 days depending on the quantity of soil and the quality of seeds. The
general budget for this experiment ranges from a minimum amount of 30 pesos (includes raw materials
and equipment) to a maximum amount of 50 pesos. Equipments can be made from other recyclable
materials.

This study is limited only on the Utilization of Used Papers to create an Eco-friendly Plantable
Paper. Its limitations are those event, things, etc. that are outside of the scope of this study.

Definition of terms
Create -is to bring something new or to produce another invention.

Eco-friendly –a product that is not harmful to the environment.

Plantable Paper- a double purpose paper; use in writing, and created to be planted

Utilization-The action of making practical and effective used of something like used paper.

Used Paper- A paper that is already used.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Paper belongs to the raw materials which are perfectly suited for recycling; there are multiple
products to be manufactured from used papers. Collection of used paper is mandatory for many
enterprises and households, new products are manufactured from this raw material as a result of
recycling. Considering the great help of used papers, researchers had the opportunity to utilize and
develop a new eco-friendly plantable paper.

The paper production from the recycled fibers consumes less energy; conserves the natural
resources viz. wood and decreases the environmental pollution. The conflict between economic
optimization and environmental protection has received wide attention in recent research programs for
waste management system planning. Used paper can bring directly benefit to the environment as well as
improve the quality of waste paper reaching the recycling unit [ CITATION Pat08 \l 1033 ].The
consumption of used papers has been in continuous growth during the past decades. Used paper is
increasingly used not only for the products of short term consumption (newspaper, sanitary paper,
packaging materials e.g.), but also it can be used to create an eco-friendly plantable paper. Collection of
waste paper is mandatory for many enterprises and households. New products are manufactured from this
raw material as a result of recycling.

Recycling is not new, it has become a commercial proposition. Recycling is also another form of
the paper ageing. It causes the paper alterations, which results in the degradation of their physical and
mechanical properties. Recycling causes a chemical, thermal, biological, and mechanical destruction, or
their combination [ CITATION Mil94 \l 1033 ]. The effect of the paper recycling is the degradation of
cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin macromolecules, the decrease of low molecular fractions.

Used paper account is 70% of the most important materials for production of new paper. The
amount of used paper is a secondary material for the paper industry can contribute to a great extent to the
protection of natural raw materials [ CITATION Sin04 \l 1033 ]. Recycled paper is better for the
environment than virgin paper. It reduces solid waste and it diverts usable paper from the waste stream.

It helps preserve forests since it reduces demand for wood. It conserves resources and generates
less pollution during manufacturing; the fibers have already been processed once. Rigorous scientific
research supports the benefits of recycled paper, and government agencies, environmental groups and
many other large purchasers have adopted policies mandating its used. Recycled paper can be used for the
same purposes as paper from primary sources. There are no indications that recycled paper creates any
harm to human beings resulting from contamination by pathogens, chemical or heavy metals [ CITATION
Pra14 \l 1033 ].

Recycled paper can be manufactured relatively easily, with end products competitive in quality
to those made from virgin materials. Some difficulties arise from the economics of collection and
transportation of waste paper products to centers for reprocessing [ CITATION Rav12 \l 1033 ].

Paper pollution is another effect of paper waste and it’s a serious problem. It is important to
reduce used paper to make a difference for the environment by using less paper, they can reduce their
impact on forests, cut energy use and climate change emissions, limit water, air, and other pollution and
to produce less waste[ CITATION Han18 \l 1033 ].

From newspaper to paper wrappings, paper is still everywhere and most of them are enduring up
in landfills creating a staggering amount of paper waste. Reducing your demand for paper will help lessen
the social impacts and human rights abuses linked to paper production. Using less paper also helps ensure
we use only our fair share of the earth’s resources.[ CITATION Sha14 \l 1033 ]

Seed paper is a special eco-friendly paper made from postconsumer materials embedded with
wild flower, herb or vegetable seeds. When you plant a paper in a pot of soil or outside in a garden, the
seeds in the paper germinate and grow into plants. [ CITATION Ter19 \l 1033 ] , Plantable paper is special
handmade paper embedded with wild flower seeds. When the paper is planted in a pot of soil, wildflowers
will grow from the paper[ CITATION Mat182 \l 1033 ].

Plantable Paper is a seed paper that grows. It is made of recyclable paper embedded with any kind
of seed. It can be planted into the soil to germinate and grow well until it turns into plant.

Oregano, (Origanum vulgare), is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum,
Winter sweet and Winter Marjoram. This erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic characteristics, with
leaves and stems that are fleshy. The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped, with toothed edges, and which,
grow for up to 9 meters in length. In other countries, the plant is primarily used as a culinary ingredient.
However, in countries like the Philippines, Oregano is a known herbal medicine for its strong anti-oxidant
properties. Oregano contains a rosmarinic acid compound, thymol, and carvacrol that are responsible for
its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties.

Oregano also contains flavinoids, triterpenoids, sterols, Vitamin C, and Vitamin A. It is usually
grown as a small evergreen sub shrub in mild climates. Its compact oval leaves are arranged oppositely
and are covered with glandular trachomes (plant hairs). The young stems are typically square and hairy
and become woody with age. The flowers are small and borne in clusters; they range in colour from white
to pink or pale purple.

Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) is an herb prominent in Mediterranean diet, and has been shown to
posses several bioactive properties including anti-oxidants, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and
analgesic properties. The anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of oregano also make it a strong
candidate as a natural food preservative [ CITATION Joh07 \l 1033 ].

Oregano is considered a staple herb in many cuisines around the world. It has a strong flavour
and brings warmth to dishes, along with a hint of subtle sweetness. It can be found, dried or as an oil, and
all are said to have significant health benefits. Though typically used in small amounts, oregano packs in
some important nutrients. Just one teaspoon of dried oregano can fulfil about 8% of your daily vitamin K
needs [ CITATION Rac17 \l 1033 ].
 Oregano is an herb that has been cultivated for centuries in the Mediterranean area, although it
now can be found on most continents. Actually there is not simply one “oregano” but rather several
species that may contribute to the oregano used for culinary purpose [ CITATION Kei10 \l 1033 ].

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Flow Chart

B. Variables
Independent Variables
 Paper usage is inevitable in all levels of schools especially in Oriental Mindoro National High
School. In an average classroom 25% of used paper become wastes and the proponents discover that used
paper can be reuse as an eco-friendly plantable paper.

Dependent Variables

Eco-friendly plantable paper is a type of handmade paper that includes any number of different
plant seeds. The seeds themselves can still germinate and they can sprout when the paper is planted in
soil. Plantable paper is a biodegradable eco-paper that is made with post-consumer materials and
embedded with seeds. When the paper is planted in a pot of soil, the seeds grow and the paper composts
away. All that is left behind is the vegetable, fruit, herbs, or the flowers and no wastes.

C. Materials

There are some materials that are needed to gather on creating an eco-friendly plantable paper:

Used papers is the most important thing for the study, this is mainly collected in trashes of every
classrooms. Next thing needed is the small basin with a half amount of water for softening to easily blend
the paper in a blender. After that, materials like screen will be created for the procedures to flatter and
drain the blended paper and a plastic presser to flatten the mold papers. Add the camantigue seed to the
blended paper and wait until it drains, flat surface like chopping board as alternative is needed for drying
processes and a scissors to cut every edges of the plantable paper to make it perfect.

D. Procedures

1. Gathering of used papers and other materials.

The first step to create an eco-friendly plantable paper is gathering of used papers. Paper usage is
inevitable in all levels of schools especially in Oriental Mindoro National High School. In an average
classroom 25% of used paper become wastes, and the proponents discover that used paper can be reuse as
an eco-friendly plantable paper.
2. Cutting and attaching of used paper into small basin with water.

After gathering the used paper, proceed to cutting of the papers. Then, attach it into small basin
with water. After a few minutes, get the wet paper.

3. Blending of wet paper until it crushed.

Put the wet paper into the blender and then,blend it with an approximately 5 minutes to make sure
that it crushed very well.

4. Putting of crushed paper into the screen with a seed of "Origanum Vulgare".
 Simply put the wet crushed paper into the screen and then shape it into square. Put the seeds of
“Origanum vulgare” commonly known as oregano at the top of the paper and then press the paper using
plastic presser.

5. Placing of seed paper in a flat surface until it dry and cut the edges of the paper to form a
perfect shape.

Place the seed paper in a flat surface and then expose it to the sun until it dry. Lastly, cut the
edges of the paper to form a perfect shape and finally an eco-friendly plantable paper formed.

.
 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: Quantification of Used Paper in Oriental Mindoro National High School

Quantification of Used Papers Weight Week

5kg 1

The table above represents the quantification of used papers in SPJ in Oriental Mindoro National
High School. After a week of observation, data revealed that approximately 5kg of used paper is gathered
per week.

Quantification of Used Paper

paper trash

24%

76%

Figure 1 above presents the pie graph of the quantification of used paper in Oriental
Mindoro National High school. The pie graph revealed that in an average classroom 25% of the
trash is coming from used papers. According to
Table 2: Vegetative Growth of Origanum vulgare in Seed Paper in terms of Germination

Germination Days Height

1-7 1inch

8-10 2.5inch

11-12 3.9inch

13-14 4.5inch

The table above represents the vegetative growth of Origanum vulgare in seed paper in terms of
germination. After several days of observation, data revealed that there are few differences between the
germination of the plant in a day.

Germination
5

4.5

3.5

3
Height
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
1-7 days 8-10 days 11-12 days 13-14 days

Figure 2 above presents the vegetative growth of Origanum vulgare in seed paper in terms of
germination. The data revealed that there are few differences in the height of plant per day.
Table 3: Effectiveness of Plantable Paper

Effectiveness Month Percentage

December 0.14%

January 0.16%

In an average classroom, 25% of trash is coming from paper waste. In Oriental Mindoro National
High School, there are 146 rooms which produce 2,920 kg of used paper per month. The researchers
found out that 0.69% is the total amount of used paper in SPJ. The total amount of paper waste in SPJ per
classroom is approximately 0.17 %.

Plantable paper is effective to lessen the increasing amount of paper waste in Oriental Mindoro
National High School. In fact, 0.14% of paper wastes are lessen in SPJ by December. On the other hand,
0.16% of paper wastes are lessen in SPJ by January.
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion
Disposable paper became a relatively cheap, commodity, which led to high level of consumption
and waste. Therefore, the proponents discovered that used paper can be reuse as an eco-friendly plantable
paper. It is the biodegradable eco-paper that we’re proven by the proponents. In OMNHS, the
quantification of used paper ranges from 2,920 kg per month. The researchers focused on SPJ
(Specialization Program in Journalism), they are known for using papers since they are journalists that is
why the researchers utilized used paper to create an eco-friendly plantable paper. Plantable paper is an
additive way of recycling paper. In line with this, the researchers used Origanum Vulgare in seed paper as
a plant. There are few differences in the height of plant per day. As a result, “Utilization of used paper to
create an eco-friendly Plantable Paper’’ is effective to lessen the increasing amount of paper waste in
Oriental Mindoro National High School. It may provide a better growing environment.

Recommendation
Considering the great help of used papers, researchers had the opportunity to utilize and develop
a new eco-friendly plantable paper.

The researcher would like to recommend this study “Utilization of used paper to create an eco-
friendly plantable paper”, that will help to lessen and minimized the increasing amount of paper waste in
Oriental Mindoro National High School.

The study is an additive way of recycling paper. It should be a matter of concern to individuals.
Through this, individual should practice this process of recycling paper like plantable paper which is
related to 3 R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and may provide a better growing environment.

In terms of quantification of used paper, the researchers would like to use this process of
recycling paper. Instead of selling it in a cheaper price, it is better to make a plantable paper due to its
benefits. It can be planted and sell at the same time to have a greater income.
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 PERSONAL DATA

Lucky G. Tayag
Oriental Mindoro National High School

Ibaba East, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: April 25, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Evelyn Gonzales

Father's Name: Edgar Tayag

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Calapan Central School

Junior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________
Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Alyza Jeane A. Rosales

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Baruyan, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: May 13, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Andrea A. Rosales

Father's Name: Jimmy C. Rosales

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Baruyan Elementary School

Junior High School: Canubing National High Schooll (CNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Phoebe Kate C. Mascariñas

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Pachoca, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: August 06, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Maridel C. Mascariñas

Father's Name: Edmer A. Mascariñas

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Adriatico Memorial School

Junior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Klayd R. Delos Santos

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Baruyan, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: October 31, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Ruby R. Delos Santos

Father's Name: Larry E. Delos Santos

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Baruyan Elementary School

Junior High School: Canubing National High School (CNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Roselito C. Maadia Jr.

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Bayanan II, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: August 30, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Elanie C. Maadia

Father's Name: Roselito B. Maadia

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Bayanan II Elementary School

Junior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Ian Carlo A. Melendrez

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Suqui, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: October 12, 2002

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother's Name: Maria Lea A. Melendrez

Father's Name: Rommel M. Melendrez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Suqui Elementary School

Junior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

Senior High School: Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS)

_____________________________________

Signature