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Linux System's Starting Point Is / It Is Computer or Sysroot Directory Every File or Directory Resides Inside

Linux system's starting point is the root directory /. The root directory contains all other files and directories on the system. Common shell commands allow users to navigate directories, view files, and manage the system. Command line options and arguments allow customizing commands, while pipes, redirection, and filters provide powerful ways of combining multiple commands.

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79 views21 pages

Linux System's Starting Point Is / It Is Computer or Sysroot Directory Every File or Directory Resides Inside

Linux system's starting point is the root directory /. The root directory contains all other files and directories on the system. Common shell commands allow users to navigate directories, view files, and manage the system. Command line options and arguments allow customizing commands, while pipes, redirection, and filters provide powerful ways of combining multiple commands.

Uploaded by

s4 hana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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/

Linux system’s starting point is /

It is computer or sysroot directory

Every file or directory resides inside /


1st working directory in CLI
[root@server~]# or [user@server~]$

# - Super user

$ - Regular user (can be sudoer)

~ - Home directory

/root - Home directory of root

/home/user (default) - Home directory of regular user


Shell
It is a program which gives CLI

eg:

sh

ksh

tcsh

bash

Verify: echo $SHELL


Basic shell command
whoami clear

hostname history

pwd exit

tty poweroff

reboot
Absolute path and relative path
Absolute path - path name starts with /

eg: cd /var/log/audit

Relative path - path name never starts with /

eg: ls Documents/dir
Creating file using vi(m)
vi(m) filename -----> command mode -----> i or insert -----> insert mode

Esc

<-----

:w - write

:q - quit if already saved

:q! - quit without saving

:wq - write and quit


Basic shell command
cd

ls

touch

vi(m)

mkdir

file
Command
It is a predefined program

/bin --> /usr/bin

/sbin --> /usr/sbin

Custom commands

~/bin
Syntax
<command/subcommand> <options> <arguments>

command - predefined program

options - changes the behaviour of command

arguments - target of command


How options looks
eg:

-a

or

--apple
To find options
command --help

or

man command
Globbing/Wildcard
. - Current directory * - any characters

.. - Parent directory [ab] - include the character

~ - Home directory [a-j] - range of inclusion

~user - User’s Home directory [!ab] - exclude the character

- - Previous working directory [!a-j] - range of exclusion

? - Single character {1,2,3} - separated characters

?? - Two character {1..10} - range


Operators
; - separates multiple linux commands, executes all command in order

eg: whoami ; date ; ls

&& (AND) - only if first command is success then executes the next command

eg: whoami && date

|| (OR) - only if first command is failed then executes the next command

eg: whoami || date


Variable
It is a container which holds some value

eg:

name=testing

mkdir $name
Basic shell command
cp

mv

rmdir

rm

ln
CLI shortcuts
ctrl+A - start of the command ctrl+D - Logout(CLI) or Exit(GUI)

ctrl+E - end of the command ctrl+R - Reverse search

ctrl+-> - end of current word

ctrl+<- - start of previous word

ctrl+U - clear to the left history shortcut

ctrl+K - clear to the right !150 - re-execute the 150th


command from history
ctrl+L - clear screen
!host - re-execute the last command
starts with host
Basic shell command
cat

head

tail

less

more

wc
Redirection
> - redirects standard output to a file

>> - redirects standard output by appending

2> - redirects standard error to a file

2>> - redirects standard error by appending

&> - redirects standard output and error to same file

&>> - redirects standard output and error to same file by appending


Tee
|tee - gives output in CLI and redirects

|tee -a - gives output in CLI and redirects by appending


Pipe
| - Output of command1 is given as input to command2

eg:

history | head
Grep
It is used to filter keyword

eg:

grep home /etc/passwd

ps aux | grep systemd

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