ch02 PDF
ch02 PDF
2 Organizing and Summarizing Data
2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data
1 Organize Qualitative Data in Tables
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) Scott Tarnowski owns a pet grooming shop. His prices for grooming dogs are based on the size of the dog. His
records from last year are summarized below.
Class Frequency
Large 345
Medium 830
Small 645
Construct a frequency table including relative frequencies and percentages.
2) The results of a survey about a recent judicial appointment are given in the table below.
Response Frequency
Strongly Favor 19
Favor 28
Neutral 10
Oppose 25
Strongly Oppose 118
Construct a relative frequency distribution.
3) The preschool children at Elmwood Elementary School were asked to name their favorite color. The results are
listed below.
Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
4) True or False: The sum of all the relative frequencies of a distribution will always add up to 1.
A) False B) True
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2 Construct Bar Graphs
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The bar graph shows the number of tickets sold each week by the garden club for their annual flower show.
1) During which week was the most number of tickets sold?
A) Week 4 B) Week 5 C) Week 2 D) Week 1
2) During which week was the fewest number of tickets sold?
A) Week 2 B) Week 4 C) Week 6 D) Week 5
3) How many tickets were sold during week 4?
A) 59 tickets B) 40 tickets C) 19 tickets D) 46 tickets
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4) The 1995 payroll amounts for all major-league baseball teams are shown below. Answer the following question
concerning this graph.
What percentage of the payrolls were in the $20-30 million range?
A) 10% B) 38% C) 59% D) 30%
5)
Retailers are always interested in determining why a customer selected their store to make a purchase. A
sporting goods retailer conducted a customer survey to determine why its customers shopped at the store. The
results are shown here. What percentage of the customers responded that the merchandise was the reason they
shopped at the store?
A) 43% B) 30% C) 50% D) 29%
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6)
The bar graph below shows the political party affiliation of 1,000 registered U.S. voters. What percentage of the
1,000 registered U.S. voters belonged to one of the traditional two parties (Democratic and Republican)?
A) 75% B) 40% C) 35% D) 25%
The Excel frequency bar graph below describes the employment status of a random sample of U.S. adults. Use the bar
graph to answer the question.
7) What is the percentage of those having no job?
A) 15% B) 20% C) 40% D) cannot determine
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The following double-bar graph illustrates the revenue for a company for the four quarters of the year for two different
years. Use the graph to answer the question.
8) In what quarter was the revenue the greatest for 2000?
A) fourth quarter B) first quarter C) second quarter D) third quarter
9) In what quarter was the revenue the least for 1999?
A) second quarter B) first quarter C) fourth quarter D) third quarter
10) What was the revenue for the first quarter of 1999?
A) $35 million B) $7 million C) $20 million D) $4 million
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
11) The grade point averages for 40 students are listed below. Construct a frequency bar graph and a relative
frequency bar graph.
2.0 3.2 1.8 2.9 0.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.6 0.8
3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 4.0 3.1 3.2 1.8
2.2 2.2 1.7 0.5 3.6 3.4 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.1
3.0 4.0 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.5 3.2 3.0 2.2
12) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The
results are listed below. Construct a frequency bar graph and a relative frequency bar graph.
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13) Listed below are the ACT scores of 40 randomly selected students at a major university.
a) Construct a relative frequency bar graph of the data, using eight classes.
b) If the university wants to accept the top 90% of the applicants, what should the minimum score be?
c) If the university sets the minimum score at 17, what percent of the applicants will be accepted?
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
14) Given the bar graph shown below, the Pareto chart that would best represent the data should have the bars in
the following order.
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3 Construct Pie Charts
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The circle graph shows the results of the student council presidential election.
1) Student Council President
Ben
22%
Gina
35% Ted
17%
Matt
26%
300 total votes
The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.
Who got the most votes?
A) Gina B) Matt C) Ben D) Ted
2) Student Council President
Gina
22%
Ben
32% Ted
19%
Ming
27%
500 total votes
The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.
Who got the fewest votes?
A) Ted B) Ming C) Gina D) Ben
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3) Student Council President
Ming
22%
Ben
36% Ann
18%
Lili
24%
200 total votes
The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.
What percent of the votes did Ann and Ming receive together?
A) 40% B) 60% C) 18% D) 22%
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
4) A study was conducted to determine how people get jobs. Four hundred subjects were randomly selected and
the results are listed below.
Job Sources of
Survey Respondents Frequency
Newspaper want ads 72
Online services 124
Executive search firms 69
Mailings 32
Networking 103
Construct a pie chart of the data.
5) Scott Tarnowski owns a pet grooming shop. His prices for grooming dogs are based on the size of the dog. His
records from last year are summarized below.
Class Frequency
Large 345
Medium 830
Small 645
Portray the data in a pie chart using the class percentages.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
6) A 1-pound bag of Skittles contained 100 Red, 83 Green, 93 Orange, 80 Yellow, and 79 Purple colored Skittles.
To create a pie chart of this data the angle for the slice representing each color must be computed. What is the
degree measure of the slice representing the green Skittles rounded to the nearest degree?
A) 69° B) 19° C) 5° D) 52°
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2.2 Organizing Quantitative Data: The Popular Displays
1 Organize Discrete Data in Tables
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) A random sample of 30 high school students is selected. Each student is asked how much time he or she spent
watching television during the previous week. The following times (in hours) are obtained:
11, 19, 13, 16, 13, 11, 13, 12, 10, 16, 14, 12, 12, 11, 14, 13, 10, 10, 15, 12, 10, 12, 19, 14, 11, 15, 11, 14, 13, 12
Construct a frequency distribution for the data.
2) A sample of 25 homework scores is taken and is recorded below. Construct a frequency distribution for this
data.
97, 96, 96, 95, 96,
99, 97, 97, 100, 99,
95, 98, 95, 96, 100,
95, 98, 96, 96, 100,
95, 97, 99, 97, 98
2 Construct Histograms of Discrete Data
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) A random sample of 30 high school students is selected. Each student is asked how much time he or she spent
watching television during the previous week. The following times (in hours) are obtained:
6, 14, 8, 11, 8, 6, 8, 7, 5, 11, 9, 7, 7, 6, 9, 8, 5, 5, 10, 7, 5, 7, 14, 9, 6, 10, 6, 9, 8, 7
2) A sample of 25 homework scores is taken and is recorded below. Construct a frequency distribution for this
data.
97, 96, 96, 95, 96,
99, 97, 97, 100, 99,
95, 98, 95, 96, 100,
95, 98, 96, 96, 100,
95, 97, 99, 97, 98
3 Organize Continuous Data in Tables
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) The grade point averages for 40 students are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution and a relative
frequency distribution using eight classes.
2.0 3.2 1.8 2.9 0.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.6 0.8
3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 4.0 3.1 3.2 1.8
2.2 2.2 1.7 0.5 3.6 3.4 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.1
3.0 4.0 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.5 3.2 3.0 2.2
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2) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution and a relative
frequency distribution using five classes.
3) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The
results are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution using six
classes.
4) A sample of 15 eighth grade students was selected and their weights were recorded as follows:
a. Using a class interval width of 10, give the upper and lower boundaries for five class intervals, where the
lower boundary of the first class is 95.
b. Construct a frequency distribution for the data
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
5) The class width is the difference between
A) Two successive lower class limits
B) The high and the low data values
C) The upper class limit and the lower class limit of a class
D) The largest frequency and the smallest frequency
6) The table below summarizes of the weights of Skittles (in grams) for the Skittles in a one pound bag. What is
the class width of the classes?
Weight Frequency
0.7585-0.8184 1
0.8185-0.8784 1
0.8785-0.9384 1
0.9385-0.9984 3
0.9985-1.0584 157
1.0858-1.1184 171
1.1185-1.1784 8
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4 Construct Histograms of Continuous Data
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) For the data below, construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution.
Height (in inches) Frequency
50 - 52 5
53 - 55 8
56 - 58 12
59 - 61 13
62 - 64 11
2) For the data below, construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution.
Weight (in pounds) Frequency
135 - 139 6
140 - 144 4
145 - 149 11
150 - 154 15
155 - 159 8
3) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution using five classes.
4) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a relative frequency distribution using five
classes.
5) A sample of 15 eighth grade students was selected and their weights were recorded as follows:
Construct a frequency histogram for the data using a class interval width of 10 and the lower boundary of the
first class is 95.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
6) What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?
A) The bars on a bar chart do not touch while the bars of a histogram do touch.
B) The bars in a bar chart may be of various widths while the bars of a histogram are all the same width.
C) The bars in a bar chart are all the same width while the bars of a histogram may be of various widths.
D) There is no difference between these two graphical displays.
5 Draw Stem-and-Leaf Plots
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) For the stem-and-leaf plot below, what is the maximum and what is the minimum entry?
1 0 9
1 6 6 6 7 8 9
2 0 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
2 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9
3 0 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 5
3 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 9
4 1 3
A) max: 43; min: 10 B) max: 38; min: 7 C) max: 47; min: 19 D) max: 41; min: 10
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
2) The number of home runs that Mark McGwire hit in the first 13 years of his major league baseball career are
listed below. (Source: Major League Handbook)
3 49 32 33 39 22 42 9 9 39 52 58 70
Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data.
3) The numbers of runs batted in by Mark McLemore in the first 13 years of his major league baseball career are
listed below. (Source: Major League Handbook)
0 102 56 25 9 9 56 165 88 122 150 91 114
Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data.
4) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a stem-and-leaf chart for the data.
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5) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The
results are listed below. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the data.
6) The scores for a statistics test are as follows:
87 76 96 77 92 98 88 85 66 89
79 94 51 97 83 88 82 58 14 69
Create a stem-and-leaf display for the data.
7) A sample of 15 eighth grade students was selected and their weights were recorded as follows:
Construct a frequency histogram for the data.
6 Draw Dot Plots
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The
results are listed below. Construct a dot plot for the data.
44 38 41 50 36 36 43 42 49 48
35 40 37 41 43 50 45 54 39 38
50 41 47 36 35 40 42 43 48 33
2) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a dot plot for the data.
70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71
67 71 70 74 69 68 71 71 71 72
69 71 68 67 73 74 70 71 69 68
7 Identify the Shape of a Distribution
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) For the data below, construct a frequency distribution using five classes. Describe the shape of the distribution.
The data set: Pick Three Lottery Outcomes for 10 Consecutive Weeks
3 6 7 6 0 6 1 7 8 4
1 5 7 5 9 1 5 3 9 9
2 2 3 0 8 8 4 0 2 4
A) uniform B) symmetric
C) skewed to the left D) skewed to the right
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2) For the data below, construct a frequency distribution using five classes. Describe the shape of the distribution.
The data set: ages of 20 cars randomly selected in a student parking lot
12 6 4 9 11 1 7 8 9 8
9 13 5 15 7 6 8 8 2 1
A) symmetric B) uniform
C) skewed to the left D) skewed to the right
3) For the data below, construct a frequency distribution using five classes. Describe the shape of the distribution.
The data set: systolic blood pressures of 20 randomly selected patients at a blood bank
135 120 115 132 136 124 119 145 98 110
125 120 115 130 140 105 116 121 125 108
A) symmetric B) uniform
C) skewed to the left D) skewed to the right
4) Describe the shape of the distribution.
A) skewed to the right B) skewed to the left
C) uniform D) symmetric
5) Describe the shape of the distribution.
A) skewed to the left B) skewed to the right
C) uniform D) symmetric
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Use the histograms shown to answer the question.
6)
Is either histogram symmetric?
A) Neither is symmetric.
B) The first is symmetric, but the second is not symmetric.
C) The second is symmetric, but the first is not symmetric.
D) Both are symmetric.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
7) A sample of 15 eighth grade students was selected and their weights were recorded as follows:
Describe the shape of the distribution.
8 Draw Time-Series Graphs
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1) The data below represent the consumption of coffee (in gallons) by adult Americans over a nine -year period.
Use a time series chart to display the data. Comment on the trend.
Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Coffee Consumption 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 13
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2) A transportation engineer wishes to use the following data to illustrate the number of deaths from the collision
of passenger cars with trucks on a particular highway. Use a time series chart to display the data. Comment on
the trend.
Year Number of Deaths
1930 12
1940 17
1950 22
1960 21
1970 16
1980 13
1990 11
3) Women were allowed to enter the Boston Marathon for the first time in 1972. Listed below are the winning
womenʹs times (in minutes) for the first 10 years. Use a time series chart to display the data. Comment on the
trend.
Year 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
Time 190 186 167 162 167 168 165 155 154 147
2.3 Graphical Misrepresentations of Data
1 Describe What Can Make a Graph Misleading or Deceptive
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Explain what is misleading about the graphic.
1)
The volume of our sales has doubled!!!
A) The length of a side has doubled, but the area has been multiplied by 4.
B) The length of a side has doubled, but the area has been multiplied by 8.
C) The length of a side has doubled, but the area has been unchanged.
D) The graphic is not misleading.
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2)
A) The vertical scale does not begin at zero. B) The horizontal label is incomplete.
C) The trend is depicted in the wrong direction. D) The graphic is not misleading.
3)
A) The graphic may give the impression that drivers over age 65 had no DUIʹs in 2001.
B) The graphic only includes information for one year.
C) The horizontal scale does not begin at zero.
D) The graphic is not misleading.
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Ch. 2 Organizing and Summarizing Data
Answer Key
2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data
1 Organize Qualitative Data in Tables
1) Class Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage
Large 345 .190 19.0
Medium 830 .456 45.6
Small 645 .354 35.4
Total 1820 1.000 100.0
2)
Response Frequency Relative Frequency
Strongly Favor 19 0.095
Favor 28 0.14
Neutral 10 0.05
Oppose 25 0.125
Strongly Oppose 118 0.59
3)
Color Frequency Relative Frequency
green 3 0.15
blue 4 0.20
purple 5 0.25
red 7 0.35
yellow 1 0.05
4) A
2 Construct Bar Graphs
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11)
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12)
13) a) See graph below
b) The minimum score = 14
c) The university will accept 76.57% of the applicants.
14) A
3 Construct Pie Charts
1) A
2) A
3) A
4)
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5)
6) A
2.2 Organizing Quantitative Data: The Popular Displays
1 Organize Discrete Data in Tables
1)
Hours Number of
of TV HS Students
10 4
11 5
12 6
13 5
14 4
15 2
16 2
19 2
2) Measure Frequency
95 5
96 6
97 5
98 3
99 3
100 3
2 Construct Histograms of Discrete Data
1)
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2)
3 Organize Continuous Data in Tables
1)
GPA Frequency Relative Frequency
0.5-0.9 4 0.10
1.0-1.4 2 0.05
1.5-1.9 7 0.175
2.0-2.4 9 0.225
2.5-2.9 2 0.05
3.0-3.4 10 0.25
3.5-3.9 2 0.05
4.0-4.4 4 0.10
2)
Height (in inches) Frequency Relative Frequency
67.0-68.4 6 0.20
68.5-69.9 5 0.167
70.0-71.4 13 0.433
71.5-72.9 2 0.067
73.0-74.4 4 0.133
3)
Speed (in mph) Frequency Relative Frequency
33-35 3 0.10
36-38 6 0.20
39-41 6 0.20
42-44 6 0.20
45-47 3 0.10
48-50 6 0.20
4) a. 95-104, 105-114, 115-124, 125-134, 135-144
b.
Tally Frequency
95-104 ll 2
105-114 lll 3
115-124 lllll 5
125-134 lll 3
135-144 ll 2
5) A
6) A
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4 Construct Histograms of Continuous Data
1)
2)
3)
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4)
5)
6) A
5 Draw Stem-and-Leaf Plots
1) A
2)
0 3 9 9
1
2 2
3 2 3 9 9
4 2 9
5 2 8
6
7 0
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3)
0 0 9 9
1
2 5
3
4
5 6 6
7
8 8
9 1
10 2
11 4
12 2
13
14
15 0
16 5
4)
6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9
7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
5)
3 3 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 9
4 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 8 8 9
5 0 0 0
6) The stem will consist of the tens digit and range from 1 to 9. The leaves will be drawn in the appropriate stems based
on the data values.
Stem Leaves
1 4
2
3
4
5 1 8
6 6 9
7 6 7 9
8 7 8 5 9 3 8 2
9 6 2 8 4 7
7)
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6 Draw Dot Plots
1)
2)
7 Identify the Shape of a Distribution
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) symmetric
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8 Draw Time-Series Graphs
1)
In general, there is an increasing trend in the coffee consumption of adult Americans. However, beginning in 1993,
there is sign of a decreasing trend.
2)
From 1930 to 1950, there was an increasing trend in the number of collisions deaths. Subsequently, there was a
decreasing trend.
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3)
In general, there was a decreasing trend in womenʹs Boston marathon times.
2.3 Graphical Misrepresentations of Data
1 Describe What Can Make a Graph Misleading or Deceptive
1) A
2) A
3) A
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