Math 209

Assignment 5 — Solutions

p
1. Integrate f (x, y) = sin( x2 + y 2 ) over:
(a) the closed unit disc;
(b) the annular region 1 6 x2 + y 2 6 4.
Solution
ZZ p Z 2π Z 1
(a) sin( x2 + y 2 ) dA = (sin r) r dr dθ = 2π(sin(1) − cos(1)).
0 0
Ω
ZZ p Z 2π Z 2
(b) sin( x2 + y 2 ) dA = (sin r) r dr dθ = 2π(cos(1) − 2 cos(2) + sin(2) − sin(1)).
0 1
Ω

2. Calculate the following integrals by changing to polar coordinates:

√ √
Z 2 Z 4−x2 p Z 1 Z x−x2 p
(a) x2 + y2 dy dx; (b) √ x2 + y 2 dy dx.
0 0 0 − x−x2

Solution
√
Z 2Z 4−x2 π/2 2
4π
p Z Z
(a) x2 + y 2 dy dx = . r 2 dr dθ =
0 0 0 0 3
(b) The region of integration Ω is inside the (x − 1/2)2 + y 2 = 1/4, which has polar equation r = cos θ.
The integral becomes:
Z 1 Z √x−x2 p Z π/2 Z cos θ
1 π/2 4
Z
2
x 2 + y 2 dy dx = r dr dθ = cos3 θ dθ = .
0
√
− x−x2 −π/2 0 3 −π/2 9

3. Find the area of the region inside the circle r = 3 cos θ and outside the cardioid r = 1 + cos θ.

Solution
Z π/3 Z 3 cos θ π/3  π/3
1 3θ
Z
2 2
A= r dr dθ = [9 cos θ − (1 + cos θ) ] dθ = + sin 2θ − sin θ = π.
−π/3 1+cos θ 2 −π/3 2 −π/3

4. Find the volume of the solid bounded above by z = 1 − (x2 + y 2 ), bounded below by the xy–plane,
and bounded on the sides by the cylinder x2 + y 2 − x = 0.

Solution
Z π/2 Z cos θ π/2
cos2 θ cos4 θ
 
5π
Z
V = (1 − r 2 )r dr dθ = − dθ = .
−π/2 0 −π/2 2 2 32

5. Find the mass and centre of mass of the plate that occupies the given region Ω with the given density
function λ.
√
(a) Ω = {(x, y) ∈ R2 ; 0 6 x 6 a, 0 6 y 6 a2 − x2 }; λ(x, y) = xy.
(b) Ω is the region inside the circle r = 2 sin θ and outside the circle r = 1; λ(x, y) = y.

1
Math 209 Assignment 5 — Solutions 2

Solution
√
a a2 −x2 a
x 2 a4
ZZ Z Z Z
(a) m = λ(x, y) dA = (a − x2 ) dx = .
xy dy dx =
0 0 0 2 8
Ω
Z Z √a2 −x2
1 1 a 1 a x2 2 1 a5 8
ZZ Z
2
x̄ = x λ(x, y) dA = x y dy dx = (a − x2 ) dx = = a.
m m 0 0 m 0 2 m 15 15
Ω
Z Z √a2 −x2
1 1 a 1 ax 2 1 a5 8
ZZ Z
ȳ = y λ(x, y) dA = xy 2 dy dx = (a − x2 )3/2 dx = = a.
m m 0 0 m 0 3 m 15 15
Ω
5π/6
√
2 sin θ 5π/6   √
8 1 2π 3
ZZ Z Z Z
(b) m = λ(x, y) dA = r sin θ r dr dθ = sin4 θ − sin θ dθ = − .
π/6 1 π/6 3 3 3 4
Ω
x̄ = 0 by symmetry.
Z √2 sin θ
1 1 5π/6
ZZ Z
ȳ = y λ(x, y) dA = r 2 sin2 θ r dr dθ
m m π/6 1
Ω
5π/6   √ ! √
1 1 1 11 3 3π 3(12π + 11 3)
Z
= 6
4 sin θ − sin2 θ dθ = − = √ .
m π/6 4 m 16 4 4(8π + 3 3)

6. Consider a square fan blade with sides of length 2 and the lower left corner placed at the origin. If the
density of the blade is λ(x, y) = 1 + x/10, is it more difficult to rotate the blade about the x-axis or
the y-axis?
Solution
We compare moments about the x and y axes:
2 2
x 88
ZZ Z Z
Ix = y 2 λ(x, y) dA = y 2 (1 + ) dy dx = ;
0 0 10 15
D
2Z 2
x 92
ZZ Z
Iy = x2 λ(x, y) dA = x2 (1 + ) dy dx = .
0 0 10 15
D

We find that
88 92
< = Iy , Ix =
15 15
so it is more difficult to rotate the blade about the y-axis.

7. Find the surface area of the surface z = 1 + 3x + 2y 2 that lies above the triangle with vertices (0, 0),
(0, 1) and (2, 1).
Solution
To simplify the calculation, consider the order of integration.
s
 2  2 Z 1 Z 2y p
∂z ∂z
ZZ
S= 1+ + dA = 10 + 16y 2 dx dy
∂x ∂y 0 0
D
1 1
1 1
Z p
2 3/2 

= 2y 10 + 16y 2 dy = (10 + 16y )  = [(26)3/2 − (10)3/2].
0 24 0 24
Math 209 Assignment 5 — Solutions 3

8. Find the surface area of the paraboloid z = 4 − x2 − y 2 that lies above the xy-plane.
Solution
For this problem polar coordinates are useful.
s  2  2
∂z ∂z
ZZ ZZ p
S= 1+ + dA = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dA
∂x ∂y
D D
2π 2 2π 2
1 π
Z Z p Z
(1 + 4r )  dθ = [(17)3/2 − 1].
2 3/2 

= r 1+ 4r 2 dr dθ =
0 0 0 12 0 6

9. Find the surface area of the surface z = 23 (x3/2 + y 3/2 ) for 0 6 x 6 1 and 0 6 y 6 1.
Solution

s
 2  2 1 1
∂z ∂z
ZZ Z Z p
S= 1+ + dA = 1 + x + y dy dx
∂x ∂y 0 0
D
1 1
2 2 1
Z Z
3/2 
[(2 + x)3/2 − (1 + x)3/2 ] dx

= (1 + x + y)  dx =
0 3 y=0 3 0
1
4 5/2 5/2  4
{[(3)5/2 − (2)5/2] − [(2)5/2 − (1)5/2]}

= [(2 + x) − (1 + x) ] =
15 0 15
4
= [(3)5/2 − (2)7/2 + 1].
15

10. Find the surface area of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4z that lies inside the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 .
Solution
It is convenient to use cylindrical coordinates. The equations of the sphere and paraboloid in cylindrical
coordinates are r 2 + z 2 = 4z and z = r 2 respectively. First calculate the curve of intersection of the
two surfaces. √
z + z 2 = 4z =⇒ z = 0, 3 =⇒ r = 0, 3
√
Thus the points of intersection are (r, z) = (0, 0) and ( 3, 3). Calculating partial derivatives, we obtain

∂z −x ∂z −y
=p , =p .
∂x 4 − x2 − y 2 ∂y 4 − x2 − y 2

Calculating the surface area, we obtain

s  2  2
∂z ∂z 2
ZZ ZZ
S= 1+ + dA = dA
∂x ∂y
p
4 − x2 − y 2
D D
2π Z
√
3 2π  √3
2r
Z Z p 
= √ dr dθ = (−2 4 − r 2 ) dθ = 4π.
0 0 4 − r2 0 0