Curriculum Definition

Collection Caswell
(1935): 
and Campbell
curriculum is
Goodman (1963): A set of
abstractions from actual
composed of all of the industries, arts, professions,
experiences children have and civic activities, and these
under the guidance of the abstraction are brought into
A. Bestor (1956):  The teacher." the school-box and taught.
curriculum must consist
essentially of disciplined study in
five great areas: 1) command of
mother tongue and the
Daniel Tanner and Laurel N. Harnack (1968)  The
systematic study of grammar,
Tanner (1988) "that curriculum embodies all the
literature, and writing.  2)
reconstruction of knowledge teaching-learning experiences
mathematics, 3) sciences, 4)
and experience systematically guided and directed by the
history, 5) foreign language.
developed under the auspices school.
of the school (or university),
to enable the learner to
increase his or her control of
Albert Oliver (1977): knowledge and experience." Hass (1980): The curriculum
curriculum is “the educational
is all of the experiences that
program of the school” and
individual learners have in a
divided into four basic
program of education whose
elements: 1) program of
David G. Armstrong (1989):  purpose is to achieve broad
studies, 2) program of
"is a master plan for selecting goals and related specific
experiences, 3) program of
content and organizing objectives, which is planned in
service, 4) hidden curriculum.
learning experiences for the terms of a framework of
purpose of changing and theory and research or past
developing learners' behaviors and present professional
and insights." practice.
B. Othanel Smith (1957):  A
sequence of potential
experiences is set up in the
school for the purpose of
Decker Walker (1990): A Hilda Taba (1962): "All
disciplining children and youth
curriculum consists of those curricula, no matter what their
in group ways of thinking and
matter: A.  that teachers and particular design, are
acting.  This set of
students attend to together, composed of certain
experiences is referred to as
B.  that students, teachers, elements.  A curriculum
the curriculum.
and others concerned usually contains a statement
generally recognize as of aims and of specific
important to study and learn, objectives; it indicates some
as indicated particularly by selection and organization of
Bell (1971): the offering of using them as a basis for content; it either implies or
socially valued knowledge, judging the success of both manifests certain patterns of
skills, and attitudes made school and scholar, C.  the learning and teaching,
available to students through manner in which these whether because the
a variety of arrangements matters are organized in objectives demand them or
during the time they are at relationship to one another, in because the content
school, college, or university. relationship to the other organization requires them. 
elements in the immediate Finally, it includes a program
educational situation and in of evaluation of the
time and space. outcomes."
Bobbit (1918):  Curriculum is
that series of things which
children and youth must do
and experience by way of Duncan and Frymier (1967):  Hollis L. Caswell and Doak S.
developing abilities to do the a set of events, either Campbell:  "all the
things well that make up the proposed, occurring, or having experiences children have
affairs of adult life; and to be occurred, which has the under the guidance of
in all respects what adults potential for reconstructing teachers."
should be. human experience.
J. Galen Saylor, William M. curriculum should consist Shaver and Berlak (1968): 
Alexander, and Arthur J. Lewis entirely of knowledge which situations or activities
(1974): "We define curriculum comes from the disciplines... arranged and brought into
as a plan for providing sets of Education should be conceived play by the teacher to effect
learning opportunities to as a guided recapitulation of student learning.
achieve broad goals and the process of inquiry which
related specific objectives for gave rise to the fruitful bodies
an identifiable population of organized knowledge
served by a single school comprising the established Smith and Orlovsky (1978):
center for persons to be disciplines. the content pupils are
educated." expected to learn.

Peter F. Oliva (1989): "the  

Johnson (1967): Curriculum is program, a plan, content, and Dr. Robert Sweetland's notes  
a structural series of intended learning experiences."
learning outcomes.  http://www.homeofbob.com/pedagogy/plan/cur
Curriculum prescribes (or at Dev/defList.htm
least anticipates) the results
of instruction.  It does not Ralph Tyler (1957):  The
prescribe the means...  To be curriculum is all of the
used in achieving the results. learning of students which is
planned by and directed by
the school to attain its
educational goals.
Jon Wiles and Joseph Bondi
(1989):  curriculum is a goal
or set of values, which are
activated through a Robert Hutchins (1936):  The
development process curriculum should consist of
culminating in classroom permanent studies-rules of
experiences for students.  The grammar, reading, rhetoric
degree to which those and logic, and mathematics
experiences are a true (for the elementary and
representation of the secondary school), and the
envisioned goal or goals is a greatest books of the western
direct function of the world (beginning at the
effectiveness of the curriculum secondary level of schooling).
development efforts.

Ronald C. Doll (1988):  "the

Krug (1957):  Curriculum formal and informal content
consists of all the means of and process by which learners
instruction used by the school gain knowledge and
to provide opportunities for understanding, develop skills,
student learning experiences and alter attitudes,
leading to desired learning appreciations, and values
outcomes. under the auspices of that
school."

Musgrave (1968):  the

contrived activity and Ronald Doll (1970):  The
experience- organized, curriculum is now generally
focused, systematic- that life, considered to be all of the
unaided, would not provide. experiences that learners
have under the auspices of
the school.

P.  Phenix (1962):  The