Black Box Tech Lab: simple Adams motor concept 亚当斯电机原理11
Black Box Tech Lab: simple Adams motor concept 亚当斯电机原理11
can be any sort of electrical motor. Passive generator output coils in an open magnetic
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system is the main topic of this explanatory review.
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First, here's a list of simplified descriptions of events as they normally occur within a
permanent magnet electrical alternator/generator system, where the magnets are moving with
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the rotor and the generator output coils are stationery. Search this site... Search
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1. A motor (of any kind) turns the generator rotor. The rotor has permanent magnets JLN lab 实验室
embedded within it. John Bedini 主⻚
Orgone奥根
they do, they create a varying magnetic pressure upon the cores/coils.
3. This varying magnetic pressure results in a varying voltage in the coils. (It also results in
Peter lindeman主⻚
eddy currents in the core – but I'm going to ignore them for this explanation)
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4. If there is a load on the generating coil, current will begin to flow.
5. This coil current will, in turn, create its own magnetic field in the core.
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6. The magnetic polarity of the core field will now act in opposition to the varying magnetic
7. This opposition will cause a breaking effect, the magnitude of which is related to the ⼿册原著
amount of coil current and hence the induced magnetic field strength of the core. 来⾃空⽓的能量
It seems pretty straightforward, but the current in the loaded coil which produces the magnetic 能量之海论坛
field of the core in opposition to the motion of the magnets, does not arise instantaneously. ⾃由星光
There will be a time lag which is dependant on the impedance and reluctance of the coil/core. ⾃由能⼤学
To understand the following explanation, it is necessary to view the moving magnets as the 超⼀研究⽹
actual AC power supply, and to treat the generating coil as an inductive load which, when 超⼀⽹
coupled to an external resistive load, is in series with that external resistive load. It is also
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necessary to understand how the current in the inductor reacts to changes in the resistive load,
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because the coil current is responsible for the counter mmf (oppositional magnetic field),
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which is normally associated with the breaking effect of the generator load, in accordance 雷克斯研究所
with Lenz's law as it applies to generating systems. ⾼能论坛
An inductive coil has a constant resistance to a given DC voltage (provided excessive current
Furthermore, it also exhibits some capacitance due to the accumulated inter-winding capacity
between each full turn of a coil winding, and therefore, it also posseses a small amount of
capacitive reactance.
frequencies rise (rotor speed increase), capacitive reactance decreases, while inductive
reactance increases. Capacitive reactance and inductive reactance cancel each other due to
vector opposition. But the value of capacitance and therefore capacitive reactance (Xc) is
usually negligable compared to the value of inductance and it's XL in a coil with a
ferromagnetic core. Consequently, the coil will still exhibit an overall inductance and
inductive reactance (XL), after the vector sum of XL and Xc have cancelled out.
E.G., the impedance Z of a coil at 500 hz will be roughly twice the impedance Z than at 250
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The actual total impedance of a coil (Z) is the square root of the sum of the resistance (R)
squared plus the (inductive reactance (XL) minus the capacitive reactance) squared. The
actual total impedance of a circuit that comprises a coil in series with an external resistive
load and or external inductors and capacitors in series, is determined by the same formula.
The total resistance of a series Coil, resistor and capacitor circuit comprises the internal
Here are some links to a good site, explaining impedance Z in an AC or pulsed DC circuit.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/electric/imped.html#c1
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/electric/impcom.html#c1
When a generating coil is connected to a load, there is a magnetic field produced around the
wire that forms the coil (which is wound on a ferromagnetic core), and changes to this
magnetic field are in phase with the current in the wire. But the reluctance of the
ferromagnetic core causes changes to it's own magnetic flux to lag the changes in current
produced by the coil, and also to lag the changing magnetic field of any passing moving rotor
magnet. If flux induced into an inductive ferromagnetic core instantly reached the levels
dictated by the current and/or passing magnet, and then instantly demagnitised when current
ceases, and then instantly reached opposite polarity flux levels dictated by current in the
opposite direction, then there would be no such thing as a hysterisis loop or BH curve/s. We
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would have perfect inductors. But ferromagnetic materials do not instantly change their
magnetic flux in direct relationship with either current changes or inducing magnetic field
changes, instead, they always lag behind to a degree which is determined by the reluctance /
Now combine the natural ferromagnetic core lag characteristics with the total Z impedance
characteristics of the coil/core combination, and together, there is an ample amount of already
accepted electrical theory to account for the acceleration as being a result of negating both the
2*. Regarding the coil's Z impedance and it's relationship with induced current phase and
counter mmf, see the phasor diagrams at the site linked below:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/electric/phase.html
The voltage (electromotive potential- emp) in the coils is produced by the changing magnetic
field strength from the passing magnets (magneto motive force – mmf) of the rotor, and will
manifest as current (electromotive force – emf) in the coils, when there is a load connected.
This load forms part of the impedance (Z) triangle of RLZ in the phasor diagrams shown at
the site link above. When you increase the load (lower the resistance) the phase angle
increases.
Counter mmf (counter magneto motive force) is produced by the current (emf) in the coil, and
it also arises out of phase with the coil current that is producing it. Conventionally speaking,
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counter mmf is said to be 180 degrees out of phase with the inducing mmf and is therefore
oppositional to the inducing mmf. In reality no inductor is perfect, and the phase is more
likely to be between 170 – 179 degrees out of phase depending on the inductors
characteristics. Bear in mind, that in a perfect inductor this phase opposition is theoretically a
180 degrees polarity vector difference, but a zero degree difference with respect to time. The
time phase is where all the changes occur in this acceleration anomoly!
When there is an incrementally increasing load placed on the coil, the phase angle of the coil
current (time lag) increases as the resistance of the load decreases towards S/C. The resulting
counter mmf phase angle of the core (time lag) also then changes with respect to the original
inducing mmf of the passing magnets. As the counter mmf approaches 90 degrees out of
phase (time lag) with the inducing MMF it also approaches physical vector neutrality and thus
zero opposition. Since The counter mmf is a product of both the current phase in the coil and
the degree of magnetic phase lag due to reluctance of the core material, then the opposition
normally produced by the coil current and core drag are nullified together. At short circuit,
with maximum current and counter mmf phase angle change, the coil/core appear to
magnetically "disappear" with respect to the rotor, and so the rotor accelerates.
Because the motor / drive coils experience less opposition, due to less magnetic drag being
placed upon the rotor by the generator coils, it accelerates, resulting in an increased motor
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The increase in motor back emf and motor drive coil impedance results in a decreased current
The (motor) rotor speed, combined with the number of magnets on the rotor, determines coil
current frequency, and plays a very important initial role, because the inductive reactance
(XL) of the generating coil increases with frequency. As a consequence, the current phase
angle will be greater for a higher frequency coil output than a lower frequency coil output,
into the same given load. The acceleration effect will occur at a lower rotor rpm when using
high impedance pick up coils than the rpm required when using low impedance pick up coils.
Because the coils I showed on page 10 of my article are very low impedance coils, then a high
rotor speed is required for the acceleration effect to occur. I indicated that high speed was
desirable for that particular set of coils, but didn't explain why. I chose low impedance coils
for the experiment shown because the majority of working generators that are in use, such as
car alternators, are low impedance generators, with low voltage but high current output
Below is an animation of inductor current phase changes occurring due to 1. Varying load. 2.
Note that because capacitive reactance is usually negligible, for the sake of ease, (mine) it is
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In my experiments with incremental loads placed on the output of the coils, the amount of
acceleration increased non linearly with the load change. This actually makes sense to me,
(within the context of this whole explanation) because as the load increases, it forces the
current toward a critical phase angle, (where the drag and counter mmf are significantly
diminished with respect to the rotor), the rotor (motor) begins to spin faster with less drag to
oppose it, which in turn increases the power output frequency, which in turn increases the
current phase angle. This cascading effect contributes to the rotor acceleration at each interval
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of increased load beyond the critical loading/frequency point, until maximum phase change
occurs. (Theoretically, a 90 degree max phase angle at short circuit). Fig 3 above shows the
Put simply, IMHO, the acceleration effect is the result of negating oppositional forces
associated with the generator core/current, and not the addition of extra energy into the
system. This negation occurs due to a phase shift in the coil current and core counter-mmf, as
a result of increasing frequency and /or higher than nominal output loads up to and including
a short circuit.
Now I ask myself – why don't conventional closed system generators act like this, and
accelerate under higher than nominal loading or short circuit? Can they be made to act in the
same manner.? After all, even with Lenz's law applying, the coils of a conventional generator
are bound by the same set of other accepted electrical rules which govern the Z impedance
characteristics of an inductive power supply connected to a load.! And if they can't be made to
have the same characteristics- then why not ?
Is it really a useful anomoly anyway, or just a curious thorn in the side of conventional
wisdom.??
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