EXERCISES

Section 32.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves

and the Speed of Light
32.1 . (a) How much time does it take light to travel from the
moon to the earth, a distance of 384,000 km? (b) Light from the
star Sirius takes 8.61 years to reach the earth. What is the distance
from earth to Sirius in kilometers?
32.2 . Consider each of the electric- and magnetic-field orientations
given next. In each case, what is the direction of propagation
of the wave? (a) in the -direction, in the -direction;
(b) in the -direction, in the -direction; (c) in the
-direction, in the -direction; (d) in the -direction, in
the -direction.
32.3 . A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is propagating in vacuum
in the If at a particular instant and at a certain
point in space the electric field is in the and has magnitude
what are the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic field of the wave at this same point in space and instant
in time?
32.4 . Consider each of the following electric- and magnetic-field
orientations. In each case, what is the direction of propagation of
the wave? (a) (b) (c)
(d)
Section 32.3 Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
32.5 . BIO Medical X rays. Medical x rays are taken with electromagnetic
waves having a wavelength of around 0.10 nm. What
are the frequency, period, and wave number of such waves?
32.6 . BIO Ultraviolet Radiation. There are two categories of
ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet A (UVA) has a wavelength ranging
from 320 nm to 400 nm. It is not harmful to the skin and is necessary
for the production of vitamin D. UVB, with a wavelength
between 280 nm and 320 nm, is much more dangerous because it
causes skin cancer. (a) Find the frequency ranges of UVA and
UVB. (b) What are the ranges of the wave numbers for UVA and
UVB?
32.7 . A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave having a magnetic field
of amplitude 1.25 T and a wavelength of 432 nm is traveling in
the through empty space. (a) What is the frequency
of this wave? (b) What is the amplitude of the associated electric
field? (c) Write the equations for the electric and magnetic fields as
functions of x and t in the form of Eqs. (32.17).
32.8 . An electromagnetic wave of wavelength 435 nm is traveling
in vacuum in the . The electric field has amplitude
and is parallel to the x-axis. What are (a) the
frequency and (b) the magnetic-field amplitude? (c) Write the vector
equations for
32.9 . Consider electromagnetic waves propagating in air. (a)
Determine the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of (i) 5.0 km,
(ii) (iii) 5.0 nm. (b) What is the wavelength (in meters and
nanometers) of (i) gamma rays of frequency and
(ii) an AM station radio wave of frequency 590 kHz?
32.10 . The electric field of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave
obeys the equation
(a) What are the amplitudes of the electric
and magnetic fields of this wave? (b) What are the frequency,
wavelength, and period of the wave? Is this light visible to
humans? (c) What is the speed of the wave?
32.11 . An electromagnetic wave has an electric field given by
(a) In which direction is the wave traveling? (b) What is the wavelength
of the wave? (c) Write the vector equation for B S 1y, t2.
1012 rad>s2t4. E S 1y, t2 _ 13.10 * 105 V>m2kN
cos3ky - 112.65 *
15.97 * 1015 rad>s2t4.
E = 1375 V>m2 cos311.99 * 107 rad>m2x +
6.50 * 1021 Hz
5.0 mm,
ES
1z, t2 and B S 1z, t2.
2.70 * 10-3 V>m
-z-direction
+x-direction
m
BS
_ -Bkn
.ES
_ Eın, B S
_ -Bın- Ek ;
n
,
ES
_BS
_ Bın; E S
_ E≥n, B S
_ -B≥n; E S
_ Eın,
4.00 V>m,
+x-direction
+z-direction.
-z
BS
+y E S -x B S +z
ES
+x B S -y E S +y B S +x E S
32.12 . An electromagnetic wave has a magnetic field given by
(a) In which direction is the wave traveling? (b) What is the frequency
of the wave? (c) Write the vector equation for
32.13 . Radio station WCCO in Minneapolis broadcasts at a frequency
of 830 kHz. At a point some distance from the transmitter,
the magnetic-field amplitude of the electromagnetic wave from
WCCO is Calculate (a) the wavelength; (b) the
wave number; (c) the angular frequency; (d) the electric-field
amplitude.
32.14 . An electromagnetic wave with frequency 65.0 Hz travels
in an insulating magnetic material that has dielectric constant 3.64
and relative permeability 5.18 at this frequency. The electric field
has amplitude (a) What is the speed of propagation
of the wave? (b) What is the wavelength of the wave?
(c) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field?
32.15 . An electromagnetic wave with frequency
propagates with a speed of in a certain piece of
glass. Find (a) the wavelength of the wave in the glass; (b) the
wavelength of a wave of the same frequency propagating in air;
(c) the index of refraction n of the glass for an electromagnetic
wave with this frequency; (d) the dielectric constant for glass at
this frequency, assuming that the relative permeability is unity.
Section 32.4 Energy and Momentum
in Electromagnetic Waves
32.16 . BIO High-Energy Cancer Treatment. Scientists are
working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them
with ultrahigh-energy (in the range of 1012 W) pulses of light that
last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short
pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode,
as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk
in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 4.0 ns with an average
power of We shall assume that the energy is
spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells for each pulse. (a) How
much energy is given to the cell during this pulse? (b) What is the
intensity in W m2 delivered to the cell? (c) What are the maximum
values of the electric and magnetic fields in the pulse?
32.17 .. Fields from a Light Bulb. We can reasonably model a
75-W incandescent light bulb as a sphere 6.0 cm in diameter. Typically,
only about 5% of the energy goes to visible light; the rest
goes largely to nonvisible infrared radiation. (a) What is the visible-
light intensity (in ) at the surface of the bulb? (b) What
are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields at this surface,
for a sinusoidal wave with this intensity?
32.18 .. A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave from a radio station
passes perpendicularly through an open window that has area
At the window, the electric field of the wave has rms
value How much energy does this wave carry
through the window during a 30.0-s commercial?
32.19 .. Testing a Space Radio Transmitter. You are a NASA
mission specialist on your first flight aboard the space shuttle.
Thanks to your extensive training in physics, you have been
assigned to evaluate the performance of a new radio transmitter on
board the International Space Station (ISS). Perched on the shuttle’s
movable arm, you aim a sensitive detector at the ISS, which is 2.5 km
away. You find that the electric-field amplitude of the radio waves
coming from the ISS transmitter is and that the frequency
of the waves is 244 MHz. Find the following: (a) the intensity
of the radio wave at your location; (b) the magnetic-field
amplitude of the wave at your location; (c) the total power output
of the ISS radio transmitter. (d) What assumptions, if any, did you
make in your calculations?