Boat Design

For a floating craft to be stable, it must maintain a delicate balance between buoyancy and stability.
Under the buoyancy condition on the buoyancy force, which similar to the water mass displaced by the
boat should be in a balance with the weight of the boat. If the boat is too light it will bob on top of
water. So it should have a sufficient self-weight to have adequate draft under unloaded conditions

Stability is the resistance of the boat to forces that tend to induce heeling. These forces are usually
static, like wind pressure on the sails or unbalanced loading, but storm conditions can introduce
dynamic forces like wind gusts and breaking waves. Evaluating overall stability requires the
consideration of both static and dynamic issues, but the specimen under consideration is meant only for
inland waterways where wind forces are minimal and in the absence of the usage of sails, only the static
stability will be considered.

Metacenter, C is defined as the intersection of two successive lines of Action of the force of buoyancy,
as the boat heels through a very small angle. Below figure indicates the relative position of G, B and C
for a small hell angle of Ɵ. metacenter is the most useful indicator of the stability of the boat.as it
provides the reference point when boat is upright and most stable. For a floating body to be stable
under those conditions C should be above G so does the GC > 0
According to the hydrostatic basic principles

BC = I/V

I-second moment of inertia of water plane about center line

V= volume of the water replaced by the boat

When considering the geometry at the position

For the boats initial stability, GC > 0

Measurement and the craft profile.

Some of the literature has mentioned the about the profile of the boat, most of them are just using the
preferred equation derived using curve fitting.
 0.522X2.6
0.622X2+0.1

0.622X2+0.1
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
0.522X2.6
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
Overall lengthhhhhhhhhh
=8m
hhhhhhhhh
Overall width hhhhhhhhh
of beam = 3 m
hhhhhhhhh
Mass of the boat:
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
(0.052B3 + 0.1B – 0.3B3.6)
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
L= 8 m, ρc= 1300 kg/m3 , B=3 m
hhhhhhhhh
M= 4.692 T hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
For unloaded conditions
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhh
Mass of water dispersed by the bat = Mw

0.522a2.6

Mw= 2L ρw (0.522a3.6)*0.67

a= 0.95

T= 0.45 m

For this condition moment of inertia = 8x 1.93/12=4.57 m4

BC= I/V = 4.57/4.692 =0.98

OG = 1.2m

OB=1.28m

GC=BC- BG = 0.9

Hence floating craft is stable under unloaded condition;

Allowing 0.4 free board= Mt max= 4.692+ MLoading max

Mt max (according to Archimedes principle):

B’ = 2*0.522x1.12.6 = 2.66 m

L=8 m

H=1.1m (1.5-0.4)

Mt max= 0.67*2.66*1.1*8*1000= 15683 kg

M loading max = 10.7 T

Approximately 107 people (weight 100kg) can be used as passengers at a particular type. but for the
capacity wise we will concern 50 person for a trip

Apart from the loading it is important to consider the effect from the loading also. So that it would affect
the OG height. Which indirectly affect height GC

water moment of
submerged submerged
LOADING plane inertia along BC OB OG BG GC
depth volume
width longitudinal axis
boat
0.43 1.90 4.57 4.63 0.99 1.24 1.20 0.04 0.95
weight
BW+500 0.47 1.94 4.87 5.19 0.94 1.22 1.13 0.09 0.85
BW+1000 0.52 2.00 5.33 5.69 0.94 1.19 1.08 0.11 0.83
BW+1500 0.56 2.04 5.66 6.19 0.91 1.16 1.03 0.13 0.78
BW+2000 0.62 2.10 6.17 6.69 0.92 1.13 0.99 0.14 0.79
BW+2500 0.67 2.14 6.53 7.19 0.91 1.10 0.96 0.14 0.76
BW+3000 0.71 2.18 6.91 7.69 0.90 1.07 0.93 0.15 0.75
BW+3500 0.74 2.20 7.10 8.19 0.87 1.06 0.90 0.16 0.71
BW+4000 0.81 2.26 7.70 8.69 0.89 1.01 0.88 0.14 0.75
BW+4500 0.84 2.28 7.90 9.19 0.86 1.00 0.86 0.14 0.72
BW+5000 0.89 2.32 8.32 9.69 0.86 0.97 0.84 0.13 0.73
BW+5500 0.95 2.36 8.76 10.19 0.86 0.93 0.82 0.11 0.75
BW+6000 0.98 2.38 8.99 10.69 0.84 0.91 0.81 0.11 0.73
BW+6500 1.01 2.40 9.22 11.19 0.82 0.90 0.79 0.10 0.72
BW+7000 1.07 2.44 9.68 11.69 0.83 0.86 0.78 0.08 0.75
BW+7500 1.13 2.48 10.17 12.19 0.83 0.82 0.77 0.05 0.78
 submerged depth with loading
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
BW+500
BW+1000
BW+1500
BW+2000
BW+2500
BW+3000
BW+3500
BW+4000
BW+4500
BW+5000
BW+5500
BW+6000
BW+6500
BW+7000
BW+7500
boat weight

variation of center of gravity with

loading ( OG )
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
BW+1000

BW+2500

BW+4000

BW+5500

BW+7000
BW+500

BW+1500
BW+2000

BW+3000
BW+3500

BW+4500
BW+5000

BW+6000
BW+6500

BW+7500
boat weight

variation of metacentric radius with

loading upto 50 person ( GC )
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60

Safety evaluation

Before going for a technical evaluation of the boat performance the function enhancing of each and
every aspect have to be considered. In the event of a leak of the hull, water would enter the boat and
wouldn’t be stopped. Flooding into the boat will cause sinking. So for that hull can be divided into series
of water tight compartments. These partitions would increase the functional stability and the safety as
well as the structural soundness. That it will provide, as these are left over parts of the same log which
forms the hull. The bottom would have beam structurally weak when the span gets increased, thus for
the adequacy of the reinforcement, these partitions would act as the cross reinforcement.

Environmental evaluation

Apart from the load bearing capacity and basic stability analysis it’s important to consider the effects on
environment cause of navigation. These experiments were done by the previous researches, also NERD
center and UOP has done an evaluation of wave formation for single hull canoes. According to the
experiment models evaluated by ( E.M. Sireli, 1996) . For the ferry types also he has evaluated.

Hm- maximum wave height (m)

L- Waterline length (m)

B- Maximum beam (m)

Ys – Distance from sailing line (m)

Fn- ship length Froude number

Fn for our case lies between 0.35 and 0.45.

Hm= [0.58/ (Ys) 1/3 ]

distance from sail max wave
As the distance away from the boat increases,
line height (m)
the max amplitude of the wave decreases. As
1.5 0.5 in the basic stage design should concern about
2 0.5 the effects to the bank of the lake.
3 0.4 Strengthening of banks would be done as a
4 0.4 mitigation measure
5 0.3
6 0.3
7 0.3
8 0.3
9 0.3
10 0.3
12 0.3
14 0.2
16 0.2
18 0.2
20 0.2