YLLANA BAY VIEW COLLEGE, INC.

Balangasan District Pagadian City

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT & OPERATION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. What law that regulate the security profession in the Philippines?

Ans. Republic Act 5487 which was enacted on June 1, 1969.
2. What is RA 5487?
Ans. RA 5487 is an act governing the organization and management of Private Security Agencies,
Company Guard Forces and government Security Units.
3. What is the short title of RA 5487?
Ans. Private Security Agency Law.
4. What Law that regulates the security profession before the approval of RA 5487?
Ans. None. Before the approval of RA 5487, security agencies needed only the Mayors Permit and the
security guards are required only to submit the Mayors Clearance.
5. What government agency is empowered by 5487 to issue rules and regulations necessary to
carry out the purpose of RA 5487?
Ans. Before it was the PC-SOSIA but now it is the PNP-SAGSD. PNP-SAGSD stands for Philippine
National Police-Security Agencies and Guards Supervision
Division. The present Chief of PNP-SAGSD is Police Senior Superintendent Melecio B Asis, Jr.
6. What are the Presidential Decrees that aments the RA 5487?
Ans. Presidential Decree No. 11 issued on October 30, 1972, amending certain Section of RA 5487,
particularly Section 4, who may organize a security and watchman agency. Presidential Decree no. 100
issued on January 17, 1973, further amending Sections 3,4,5,8 and 9 which provides for the improvement
of qualifications of watchman or security agency; Section 10, which provides the Chief, Philippine
Constabulary, now Philippine National Police to deputize any private detectives, watchman or security
guard to assist the PNP in cases of emergency, disaster or calamity; Section 11 which prescribed the
minimum membership requirements for any private detectives, watchman or security agency to be
granted license to operate and its implementing rules and regulations which further amended RA 5487
and PD no. 11 and 100.
7. What is PADPAO?
Ans. PADPAO stands for Philippine Association Of Detective and Protective Agency Operators, Inc. It is
association of all licensed security agencies and company security forces.
8. What is the role of PADPAO in the security industry in the Philippines?
Ans. PADPAO drafted the twin bills, House Bill No. 1336 and Senate Bill No. 122 in 1968. Said bills were
prese4nted to both chambers of legislature during the Sixth Congress of the Philippines. These bills were
numbered 7787 and were approved and then called RA 5487.
TYPES OF SECURITY
What are the types of Security?
Ans. A. Physical Security- is concerned with the physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized
access to equipment, facilities, materials and documents and to safeguard them against espionage,
sabotage, damage and theft.
B. Communication Security- is the protection resulting from the application of various measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized persons in giving information through the communication
system.
C. Hotel Security- is the protection resulting from the application of various measures which safeguard
hotel guest and their personal effects. Hotel properties and functions in hotel restaurant, bars and clubs.
D. Bank Security- is the protection resulting from the application of various measures which safeguard
cash and assets which is in storage, in transit and during transactions.
E. Document Security- is physical security involving the protection of documents and classified papers
from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosures.
F. Personal and VIP Security- involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the government, visiting
dignitaries.
G. Crisis Security- is the protection of rich scions, industrial magnets and political leaders against
kidnapping for economic, political, emotional or nationalistic purposes.
H. Industrial Security- is physical security applied to business groups engage in industries like
manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, warehousing and even agriculture.
Lately, industrial security is used generally when security, as a business, is referred to.
I. Operational Security- is physical security which deals with the protection to process, patents, and other
activities.
J. Other Special Types of Security- those type which are adoptions, variations, innovations and or
modifications of physical security and they are the following:
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 1. Air cargo security
2. School security
3. Supermarket security
4. Personnel security (involves background checking of a person)

PHYSICAL SECURITY SYSTEM

1. What is Physical Security?
Ans. Measures adapted to prevent unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, materials and
documents to safeguard them against loss, damage and pilferage.
2. Define Security Hazards?
Ans. Security hazards are acts or conditions which may result in the compromise of company
secrets, loss of life, damage, loss or destruction of property or disruption of the business of the
establishment or firm.
3. What are the two (2) kinds of Hazard?
Ans. A. Natural Hazards- are usually the consequence or result of natural phenomena, although
natural hazards normally cannot be prevented by physical security measures, it is essential to
remember that natural hazards will greatly affect security operations.
B. Man-made Hazards- are human hazards, which involve the result of a state of mind, attitude,
weakness or character traits on the part of one or more persons. They include acts or commission
or omission, both covert and overt, which could disrupt or destroy the business operations of the
company.
W hat are Barriers?
Ans. Structures capable of restricting, preventing or delaying illegal access.
What are the types of Barriers?
Ans. A. Human Barrier- is a human being used in providing or partially providing a guarding
system. A guarding system is the systematical employment of humans or animals as barriers
between the potential intruder and the matter to be protected. Example are security guards,
employees, etc.
B. Animal Barrier- is animal used in partially providing a guarding system. Example are dogs,
geese, etc.
C. Natural Barrier- are those natural topographic features that lend themselves to denying or
hindering access to an installation. These features may be either positive or negative in quality,
that, the presence of rivers, seas, cliffs, canyons or other terrain difficult to traverse may provide a
security barrier.
D. Energy Barrier- is the employment of mechanical, electrical, electronic energy to impose a
deterrent to entry by the potential intruder or to provide advertisement of his presence. These are
protective lighting and protective alarm systems.
E. Structural Barrier- is an pertinent or semi-permanent structure, that lends itself to denying, or
hindering access to an installation. It does not include those safeguards provided by classified
document accounting and administration. Examples are walls, doors, locks, fences, etc.
What are the Purposes of Barriers
Ans. A. Outline the perimeter of the area to be protected.
B. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
C. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders.
D. Assist in a more efficient and economical employment of guards.
E. Facilitate and improve the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
What are the three (3) Main line of Defense?
A. Perimeter barrier
B. Exterior walls, ceilings, roofs and floors of the building.
C. Interim areas within the building (rooms, vaults)
8. What are the Principles of Physical Security?
A. The types of access will depend upon a number of variable factors and may be achieved in
a number of ways.
B. There is no impenetrable barrier.
C. Delays provide against surreptitious and non-surreptitious entry.
E. Each installation must be different.
9. What are the Principles of Physical Security?
A. Procedures- are collective information systems involving what, who, when and where.
B. Personnel- are collective people to administer or implement the security system. Examples are
security guards.
C. Barriers- are elements by which boundaries are defined and penetration is deterred. Walls and
fences are examples of barriers.
D. Sensors- a device to detect any unusual activity that occurs within the installation. Examples
are burglar and fire alarms.
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 E. Annunciators- are devices used to recognize the nature of an unusual qactivity. An example of
this is the CCTV system.
F. Communication systems- are devices used to transmit messages and information regarding
the detection of an unusual activity. Examples of these are the portable and mobile radio
communication equipment.
f. Communication System- are devices used to transmit message and information regarding the
detection of an unusual activity. Examples of these are the portable and mobile radio
communication equipment.
G. Records keeping- the process of compiling data to detect or recognize intrusion of
unauthorized persons. Examples are the Visitors Registry and the Vehicle Registry.
10 What is Protective Lighting?
Ans. Protective lighting is used to increase the effectiveness of the guard by increasing the
guard’s visual range during the hours of darkness or in location where natural lighting does not reach or is
insufficient to provide the desired visibility.
11. What are the types of Protective Lighting?
Ans. A. Stationary luminary- continues lighting either:
1. Glare projection
2. Controlled lighting
B. Standby lighting- similar to continues lighting but is turned on manually or
automatically when there is suspicion of entry.
C. Movable lighting- consist of manually operated. Movable search light which may be
whether lighted during darkness or only as needed.
D. Emergency lighting- may duplicate the 3 system in whole or in part and it is used during
power failure or emergencies.
12. What are the types of light lamps?
Ans. A. Incandescent lamp
B. Gaseous- discharge lamps
1. Mercury- vapor lamps- blue green color
2. Sodium – vapor lamps- yellow light
C. Quarts lamps- very bright light.
13. What are the basic lighting consideration that will influence the effectiveness of protective
lighting?
Ans. A. Brightness
B. Contrast
C. Shadow elimination
14. What is Protective Alarm System?
Ans. Protective Alarm System provide an electrical and or mechanical means of detecting and
announcing proximity or intrusion which endangers or may endanger the security of an installation.
15. Give the purposes of intrusion detection alarm system.
Ans. A. To economize.
B. To substitute in place or other security measures.
C. To supplement by providing additional controls.
16. What are the basic principles of operation of intrusion detection system?
Ans. A. Breaking an electrical circuit.
B. Interruption a light beam.
C. Detecting vibration.
D. Detecting a change in capacitance one to penetration of an electrostatic field.
17. Name the three 3 basic parts of an alarm.
Ans. A. Sensor or triggering device.
B. Circuit which carries message to the signaling apparatus.
C. A signaling system or device, sometimes called the annuciator.
18. What are the types of Protective Alarm System?
Ans. A. Local Alarm System- this system consist of ringing up a visual or audible alarm system.
The object to be protected, in case of alarm system. The object to be protected, in case of alarm
response, will be made by the local guards and other personnel within sight or hearing.
B. Auxiliary System- one in which the installation system owned is a direct extension of the
police and fire alarm system.
C. Central Station System- in this system, alarms are transmitted to a central station outside
the installation from which appropriate action is taken such as notifying local police and fire department.
D. Property System- it is similar to the central station system except it is owned by the
installation.
19. What are the functions of an alarm system?
Ans. A. Detection of fire.
B. Detection of intrusion.
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 C. Emergency notification.
D. Monitoring of equipment or facility conditions.
20. Give the types of Alarm System :
Ans. A. Metallic foil or wire- any action that breaks the foil, breaks the electrical circuit and
activities. It is frequently used on glass surfaces.
B. Photoelectric or electric eye- a light is transmitted at a frequency of several thousand
vibrations per second. It is connected by wires to a control station and when an intruder crosses the
beam, he breaks contact with photoelectric cell, which thus activates the alarm. It has a variety of
commercial applications.
C. Audio- detection devices- supersensitive microphone speaker sensors are installed in
walls, ceiling and floors of the protected area and the sensor detects any sound caused by attempted
forced entry. It can bew effectively used to safeguard enclosed areas such as vaults, warehouses and
similar enclosures.
D. Vibration detection devices- the vibration sensitive sensors are attached to walls, ceiling
and floors of the protected area. The sensor detects any vibration caused by attempted force entry. This
can be effectively used to safeguard enclosed areas in sound detection systems.
E. Microwave motion- a pattern of radio waves is transmitted and partially reflected back to
an antenna. If they strike a moving object, they return at a different frequency which radios in initiating an
alarm signal. It is very effective for protection of interior areas.
F. Ultrasonic motion detection devices- consist of transceivers, amplifier and control unit. Any
motion within protected area causes an activation of alarm signal. It is very effective for the protection of
interior areas.
G. Capacitance or electrostatic detection device- the body capacitance of any intruder who
enters the field unbalances the electrostatic field around object to be protected. It can be installed on a
safe, wall or openings therein to establish an electrostatic field around the object to be protected.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN SECURITY
Access- any items, place or equipment open to or within easy entry or grasp. It is an element to commit
theft.
Alarm- an aural and visual signal emitted by the annunciator to the security guard on duty when intruder
actuates device in a protected building area.
Alarm system- combination of intrusion and detection devices so arranged and wired so as to support
one another to detect intrusion or attempt thereat.
Annunciator- a signal device in a alarm system which initiates conditions by means of associated
circuitry. The signal may be aural like a bell, buzzer, siren; it may be visual like a steady or blinking
colored lamp.
Audio alarm- a device using microphones or listening devices which can monitor sounds or vibrations like
hammering, explosions and other noises caused by man or machines.
Badge Exchange System- multiple
-multiple copies of passes are issued to an individual with the same paragraph. The individual
exchanges his badge for another color or making at the gate.
Badge System – pass is issued for permission to enter differing in specific areas by letters, numerals or
colors.
Burglar Alarm – a family of alarms used to annunciate visual/aural signals when burglar enters or tries to
enter a building or facility.
Clear Zone – is an unobstructed area which should be maintained on both sides of the perimeter barrier.
Company Guard Force (CGF) – is a security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business
establishments premises, compound or properties.
Controlled Area – an area nears or adjacent to a limited or exclusive areas where entry is restricted by
guards and/ or procedures.
Critically – the degree or seriousness or severity of a loss.
Cross Alarm – an alarm signal produced by crossing or short circuiting an electrical circuiting an electrical
circuit.
Cryptography – the art and science in the use of codes and ciphers.
Duty Detail Order – is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the private security
agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the performance of private
security/detective services duties.
Exclusive Area – a restricted area containing materials, personnel or operation of security interest. This
area is usually guarder and rigged with alarm devices.
Fire Alarm – a manual or electrically-actuated device that emits an alarm or signal in case of fire. The
alarm gives aural and/or visual signal in places where action emanates like the fire station, security
room, etc.

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Government Guard Unit (GGU) – a security unit maintained and operated by any government entity
other than military or police, which is established and maintained for the purpose of security the
office or compound and/or extension of such government entity.
Intrusion Alarm – a type of alarm that emits a signal when device is actuated by breaking a circuit, a
beam, disturbing an electromagnetic field or tipping and electro-mechanical gadget.
Key Control – the management of keys in a plant, office or business organization to prevent unauthorized
access to said keys.
Lamp – a generic term for an artificial source of light.
License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by the chief, Philippine National
Police or his duly authorized representative recognizing a person to be qualified to perform his
duties as private security or training personnel.
License to Operate (LTO) – is a license Certificate document, issued by the Chief, PNP or his dully
authorized representative, authorizing a person to engage in employing security guard or detective,
or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manage or operate an individual or a private
detective agency or private security agency/company security force.
Limited Area – a restricted area where visitors are limited in movement and are usually escorted by
uniformed guards.
Pass System – a method used by security to screen outsiders and visitors without vehicles before being
admitted into an installation. Usually, a visitor is required to leave his D, passport, residence tax, or
driver’s license in exchange of a temporary pass. When leaving installation, pass is returned and
the deposited ID is returned.
Personnel Access Control – are systems and procedures designed to provide positive identification and
control over individuals and their movements within the compound or premises of the installation.
Personnel Security Investigation (PSI) – an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion, integrity,
morals and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s suitability for appointments or
access to classified matter.
Pilferage – the taking of any property without any authority petty theft. The two types of pilferer are casual
and systematic.
Private Detective – shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission,
other than members of the AFP, guards of the Bureau of JMP, municipal or city jail guards, and
members of the PNP or any other law enforcement agency of the government.
Private Security Guard – Sometimes called private security guard or watchman shall include any person
who offers or renders personal services to watch or secure either a residence, business
establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas.
Probability – the chance that a given event will occur.
Protected Area – an area being protected by human guards and/or security hardware and other aids.
Restricted Area – any in a plant or manufacturing complex where access to which is limited only to the
authorized. The area may or may not be guarded.
Risk – the possibility of an unwanted, uncertain and undesirable event occurring/resulting in a loss.
Risk Analysis – is a process of studying risks where in the likelihood of an event to happen and the
degree of danger is taken into consideration for the formulation of security countermeasures.
Sabotage – willful and malicious disruption of the normal activities, processes and functions of a plant,
installation or premises. This can be by explosive, psychological, mechanical, incendiary and other
means
Saboteur – a person or a group of persons designed to carry out sabotage work.
Security Inspection – is a process of conducting physical examination to determine compliance with
established security policies and procedures as a result of a security survey.
Security Investigation – is a planned and organized determination of facts concerning specific events,
occurrences of conditions for a particular purpose.
Security Survey – is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and thorough
inspection of all operational systems and procedures of a facility.
Stationary Guard – a fixed guard post like a gate, lookout, tower, or an entrance to a building.
Threats – are inimical acts which result to loss of life or property.
Top Guard – an additional vertical or inclined structure above a fencing to increase protection from
intruder.
Trade Secret – may consist of any formula, pattern, device or compilation of information which is used in
one’s business and which gives him an opportunity to gain advantage over competitors who do not
know or do not use it.
Vulnerability – the openness of an installation or facility to instruction or attack.