1

1. Introduction

India occupies first position in terms of goat population and milk production.
Chevon (goat meat) is most preferred and widely consumed meat in the country.
Since ancient times goat milk has traditionally been known for its medicinal
properties and has recently gained importance in human health due to its proximity
to human milk for easy digestibility and it‟s all round health promoting traits. Still
research is needed to explore and validate medicinal properties of goat milk for
projecting it as therapeutic milk for human health. Demand for goat milk and milk
products for internal consumption and export is expected to rise in coming years.
Goat husbandry provides glimpses of future hope for employment generation,
nutritional security and prosperity to the millions of small and marginal farmers in
the country.

1.1 Basic Information of Goat as a livestock in the Country

1.1.1 Role in Rural Economy : Among all species of farm animals, Goats
have the widest ecological range and have been poor people‟s most
reliable livelihood resource since their domestication during Neolithic
Revolution about 10 millennia ago. Goat plays a significant role in
providing supplementary income and livelihood to millions of resource
poor farmers and landless laborers of rural India. Small ruminant rearing
ensures self-employment and acts as a cushion in distress situations like
drought and famine.
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1.1.2 Role in entrepreneurship: In last few years, goat production in the

country gained momentum in the form of a commercially viable
enterprise as evidenced by increasing interest of young entrepreneurs to
develop knowledge and skill in this species. In many small-herd dairy
goat enterprises, not all does must be milked, so meat is often the
main product. Along with meat, the sale of breeding stock from small
herds of dairy goats may be an important income source. This
versatility allows the producer to plan and operate a more stable
economic production unit. In some parts of the world, all breeds may
be raised for fiber, meat, and milk and cheese production. Kids of all
breeds can be used for meat. However, meat goat carcasses are
generally leaner and more muscular than dairy goat carcasses.
1.1.3 Role in global scenario: India ranks on top in goat population. The
demand for meat, milk and fiber is increasing progressively and expected
to further rise in future in view of sizable increase in per capita income
and health consciousness of people. Worldwide consumers are preferring
products that are “clean, green and ethical”. As such goat producers are
shifting to husbandry practices that do not compromise the welfare of
animals. Medicinal properties of goat milk increased the interest of
society to use it as therapeutic health food neutraceutical; moreover,
biotechnologists are focusing on designer milk for human health.
1.1.4 Role in Nutrition and Health: Goats possess distinct social, economical
and biological advantages. They can be maintained on a limited area and
can sustain on wide variety of vegetation in varied agro‐climatic
conditions. Goat meat (chevon) is one of most preferred meat type by the
consumers in several countries including India. The goat milk is easily
digestible due to smaller size of fat globules and serves as a ready source
of family nutrition. In India, both demand and production of goat meat
have shown steady increase during the last decade and despite the rising
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production trend, country would need to double the number of goats to

meet the projected requirement of goat meat for growing human
population in the coming decades.

2. Current Scenario

Traditionally goat has served as source of livelihood and financial security to

large section of society, mainly comprising of resource‐poor people. In the
present scenario of changing agro‐climatic conditions, this small ruminant
farm animal has tremendous potential to be projected as the „Future Animal‟
for rural and urban prosperity. The backyard goat rearing is steadily turning
as the fast growing „livestock industry‟ in the country. Goat husbandry in
India is essentially an endeavor of millions of small holders who rear animals
on “Crop Residues” and “Common Property Resources”. The small holders
produce milk, meat, fiber, skin etc for the community with virtually no
capital, resource and formal training. More often goats are reared for
production of meat, but they also serve as ready source for milk to meet the
family requirement.

2.1 Goat Population

Small Population as per 2012 No of farmers holders

Ruminant census
Goat 135 million 33.01 million
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2.2 No of Household Enterprises having Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat& Pig

70000 65,344

60000
No of NH in ''000

39,180
50000 33,014

40000

30000 4,552 2,550

20000
Cattle Buffalo Goat Sheep Pig
10000
species
0

2.3 Goat Population in year 1992 – 2012

Goats constitute 26.40% of the total livestock population and the 19th Livestock
Census puts the number of goats in the country at 135.17 million.
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2.4 Production of Goats in India- FAO STAT

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2.5 Production of Goats-top 10 producers in the World.

2.6 Registered Breeds of Goat:

Our country has 26 registered breeds of Goat. Out of these, the high genetic merit
(more meat / milk yield per animal) indigenous registered breeds exist are only
12 breeds. The 12 breeds of high genetic merit Goat have a population of 4.55crore
out of total population of 13.5 crore.

Population as Number of Number of % of non

per 2012 prominent non-descript descript
census indigenous breeds
135 million 45.5million 82.81 million 61.26%

2.6 Comparative chart for prominent Indigenous Goat Breeds

Sl. Name of Origi Body weight Dressi Carcass Ave. Breed

No Breed nal ng % weight daily wise
. State Male Fema Male Fem Milk populat
adult le adult ale yield ion*
adult adult (in (lakhs)
kg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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1 Sirohi RJ 50.37 22.54 47.3 23.8 10.6 0.41 30.77

3 6
2 Marwari RJ 33.18 25.85 56.3 18.6 14.5 0.53 71.83
8 5
3 Beetal PJ 59.07 34.97 49.68 29.3 17.3 1.16 7.15
5 7
4 Jhakran RJ 57.8 44.48 47 27.1 20.9 3.18 14.46
a 7 1
5 Black WB 32.37 20.38 55.8 18.0 11.3 NA 206.51
Bengal 6 7
6 Jamnapa UP 44.66 38.03 48.16 21.5 18.3 1.06 39.13
ri 1 2
7 Barbari UP 36.7 20.3 47.5 17.4 9.64 0.71 62.82
3
8 Mehsan GJ 37 32 58 21.4 18.5 1.32 6.11
a 6 6
9 Zalwadi GJ 38.84 32.99 47 18.2 15.5 2.02 5.32
5 1
10 Berari MH 36 33 48 17.2 15.8 NA 1.92
8 4
11 Kutchi GJ 46.96 39.91 47 22.0 18.7 1.84 4.43
7 6
12 Surti GJ 29.5 32.03 46.6 13.7 14.9 2.50 4.06
5 3
Total population : 454.51
*as per Breed Survey Book 2013

From the above chart it is clear that out of the total goat population of 13.5 crore,
the population of 12 out of 26 registered breeds of Goat is merely 4.55 crore(as per
Breed Survey Book, 2013) that is about 33.7%.

2.7 Analysis of Goat population and its possible impacts :

1. From the livestock census data it can be observed that there is no satisfactory
increase in Goat population over the years. In fact, there was a decline in
population from 2007 census to 2012 census by 4 percent. This is certainly
not a positive trend, especially in view of the increase in demand for meat
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due to increase in population and changing pattern of food consumption in

favour of protein rich food.

2. More so, this decline is (-)7.79% in Male Goat, which is attributed to more
culling / death of the male animals, that is.. more reduction of the male goats
population than females, can be reproduced of extant reproduction rate.

3. This is attributed as being due to increasing demand of meat in the country as

compared to the available animal from the natural reproduction rate.

4. The long term consequence of this could be shortage of Goat meat which in
turn has impact on the nutritional requirement fulfillment of the country's
population.

5. This will have adverse impact on prices of the meat and then consequential
demand for imports which would be detrimental to the goat farmers,
normally landless and small/marginal farmers who would loose the
opportunity of increasing their income should there have been support from
government to produce more Goat.

6. The Goat male and female population growth rate has been 0.78% CAGR
and 0.81% CAGR respectively for the period 1992 to 2012 as per chart
below with a negative growth rate in the period 2007-12.

7. However, the density of livestock per unit of grazing area has greatly
increased, owing to increases in their numbers and the shrinkage of grazing
land.

*********
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3. Meat Production

The meat production in the country as per 2015-16 data was 7 million tons with a

per capita availability of 4.94 kg. Total Goat Meat production in 2015-16, was

942.91 thousand tons.The meat type break up for the country is as below:

Species-wise Meat Contribution (%)

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3.1 Current Chevon Production Analysis

 Total Goat meat (Chevon) production was 942.93 thousand tons and for this
86182.03 number ,that is, 64% of animals were slaughtered, out of the total
population, which has a domestic market value of about 37,717 Cr.(@400/kg
meat)
 75094.75 thousands Goat adults were slaughtered to get 377.55 thousand
tons of mutton 11087.28 thousands of young sheep were slaughtered to get
107.97 thousand tons of mutton.
 CAGR is 2.08 %

3.2 Export Profile of Chevon in India.

1. The share of Indian meat exports in the worldmarket is less than 2%.
2. India is the largest exporter of Sheep & Goat meat to the world. The
country has exported 21,950.71 MT of sheep & goat meat to the world
for the worth of Rs. 837.76 crores during the year 2015-16.(APEDA) .
3. Sheep and goat together contributes 20% (13 and 7) of total meat
production in the country. Out of this 20%, Goat(Chevon) contributes
about 65%.
4. Major Export Destinations (2015-16) : United Arab Emirates, Saudi
Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman.
5. Major producing states are Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar
Pradesh, Gujarat, Hilly regions of North and Eastern Himalays
6. On the outlier hand growth in ovine meat exports was 3.43 percent
during 1980-90, which substantially declined and has become negative
to the extent of 2.41 percent during 1990-99. The scope for export of
sheep, goat and poultry meat is constrained by high domestic demand
and prices
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4 Goat Milk Production

Milk and milk products are the essential food items of human beings which provide
sufficient nutritional supplements especially to the children. The milk production
in the country has increased from 146.3 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 155.5 in 2015-
16 registering a growth of 6.27%. Also,the per capita availability has sharply
increased from 225 gm per day in 2003-04 to 337 gm per day in 2015-16.

4.1 Species wise milk production: The country stands first in goat milk production
and is sharing 26.31% goat milk production in the world.

 The total milk production in the country 155.5 million tones

 The total Goat milk production 5377.59 thousand tones (3%)

 growth of 6.27%.

I. The top 5 states in terms of the goat milk production estimate in India were:
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra during
2014-15.
II. The goats can be milked any time of the day and are therefore named as the
moving refrigerators. Goat milk is prescribed for children, old and sick
people as it is easily digestible and has possible medicinal value.
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5. Goat Production Systems in India

In our country, goats are reared by men and women with diverse working and
professional background. The production systems are as numerous as the socio-
economic and varied agricultural situations in the country. However, they can be
broadly classified into the following:-

5.1 1Tethering: This is common in the sub-humid and humid zones, where

probably because of intensive cropping, it is a convenient means of rearing goats

from the stand point of control, minimum labour input and utilization of feed in
situ. It is thus a sedentary system. A variation of this method is combining
tethering with grazing up to 5 goats at a time, led by ropes held by women and
children.
5.2 Extensive production : This involves low carrying capacity in situations where

land is marginal and is plentiful. It is characterized by low rainfall and various

browse plants. The system is used by nomadic people, usually in very low
rainfall areas or during winter months when crop resides are available.
5.3 Intensive production: The goats are fed in confinement with limited access to

land. It involves high labour and cash inputs. Cultivated grasses and agro-
industrial byproducts are fed in situ. This system also has the advantage of
allowing control over the animals.
5.4 Semi-intensive production: This system is practiced to some degree in most of

the situations, but the nature and extent of integration depend on the type of
crops grown and their suitability to goats. The advantages of this system are
increased fertility of land via the return of dung and urine, control of waste
herbage growth, reduced fertilizer usage, easier crop management, increased
crop yields, and greater economic returns.
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5.5 Status of Goat industry

The goat industry in India has yet to be firmly laid down on scientific lines. Goat
keepers are maintaining goats in all kinds of situations depending upon the ecology
and their circumstances. The minimum goat unit could consist of one goat and the
maximum could go to a few hundreds under range management. Goat farming in
the country is mainly based on „zero input‟. The fear of mortality has perhaps been
largely responsible for not starting many large-scale goat farms. However, large-
scale goat farms have successfully running since over last 30 years at the CSWRI
Avikanagar, MPKVV Rahuri, and at Leh.
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6. Demand-Supply Gap Analysis

In India, considerable growth has been recorded in production of goat meat and
milk during the last decade. The goat meat production has doubled (9.3% to 18.3%)
and goat milk production has shown a growth rate of 31.53% during the last decade.
The country stands first in goat milk production and is the second largest meat
producer in the world sharing 26.31% goat milk and 10.41% goat meat production.
Besides meat and milk, goats also produce good quality skin, valuable Pashmina
fibre and manure. The goat sector contributes ` 14,453 crores to the agricultural
economy of the country through meat (`6851 crores), milk (`4588 crores), skin (`
648 crores), etc. which accounts for around 8 per cent of the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) from livestock sector. In addition, the goat sector generates about
4% rural employment and about 20 million small and marginal farmers‟ and
landless labourers‟ families depend on goats for their livelihood partially or
completely. Even then we are not able to meet the increased domestic demand of
the products and tap the potential of the sector in its full capacity by using the
available opportunities.
1) Goat meat has a number of health benefits and more nutritional value than
other red meat. Low in calories, total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than
traditional meats, goat meat has higher levels of iron when compared to a
similar serving size of beef, pork, lamb and chicken. Comparatively, goat
meat also contains higher potassium content with lower sodium levels.
2) The availability of meat in India is only about 15g/person/day against the
ICMR recommendation of 30g/person/day. Thus it is apparent that there
exists a huge gap of meat availability.
3) Analysed from the point of required nutrition, as per WHO standards, the
daily requirement of protein is 63 gm per day. In average Indian diet
conditions, 50.75 gm per day per person (approx.) for the vegetarian
population, and about 55.25 gm per day per person (approx.) for the non-
vegetarian population is available. Notwithstanding this, the average deficit
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of protein requirement is approximately 12.25 gm for vegetarian and 7.75 gm

for non-vegetarian.
4) As per IGAR and BAHS data, goat population in the country is expected to
reach to 216 million in 2050 with milk and skin production to 9.8 and 0.25
million tonnes, respectively. Urbanization, increased income and strong
preference to goat meat will be some of major contributing factors for growth
in goat meat production. Considering 14 kg per animal carcass weight and
45% of goats available for slaughter, the goat meat production will increase
to 1.36 million tonnes by 2050. As per NSSO reports, per capita per month
consumption of goat meat/ mutton has increased from 53 gram to 61 gram
during 2003-04 to 2009-10. Considering 3% growth in per capita goat
meat/mutton consumption, the demand for goat meat by 2050 would be 2.13
million tonnes. (NIANP, 2013).
5) Moreover, by 2050, it is expected that the population in India would increase
by 34% and to fulfill the dietary recommended levels of the livestock
products by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) for a population of
1.7 billion people, the livestock sector should produce 186.2 million tons of
milk, 18.7 million tons of meat and 306 billion eggs per annum. This means
that the current level of production, the milk, meat and eggs would have to
increase by 1.5, 3 and 4.7 times respectively. Fulfilling the feed demand of
this huge livestock from same resource base of land and water is going to be
a huge challenge. Therefore, rather than increasing the number of animals,
improving the genetics through breed improvement programme might be a
better strategy to address the required demand for animal protein.
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As per ICAR data and Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, following are some
of the short term projections:

Indicators India Current Projections CAGR

(2015-16) Production 2022 %applied
CAGR % for
projections
Goat Milk 5.4 2.14 8.2 Million MT 7
Production Million
Metric
Ton
Chevon 0.94 2.08 1.26Million 5
Production Million MT
MT

6.1 Doubling Farmers Income

6.1.1 Past strategy for development of the agriculture sector in India has
focused primarily on raising agricultural output and improving food
security. The net result has been a 45 per cent increase in per person food
production, which has made India not only food self-sufficient at
aggregate level, but also a net food exporting country.
6.1.2 It is apparent that income earned by a farmer from agriculture is crucial
to address agrarian distress (Chand 2016) and promote farmers welfare.
In this background, the goal set to double farmers' income by 2022-23 is
central to promote farmers welfare, reduce agrarian distress and bring
parity between income of farmers and those working in non-agricultural
professions.
6.1.3 In the Goat farming sector, Doubling the income of farmers through
different interventions which can make the sector more organised and
strengthened would definitely increase the output or the income of the
sector.
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6.1.4 Key areas of Doubling the income of farmers are,

1. Improvement in productivity of animals.
1. 41resource use efficiency or saving in cost of production
2. increase in production intensity
3. Diversification towards high value products/ Value addition of
Products.

********
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7. SWOT Analysis of Goat Farming Sector

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

1. India is having the second highest 1. Unorganised structure of sector.

number of Sheep & Goat. (After
2. Lack of marketing infrastructure
China).
facilities for Value addition such as
2. Extraordinary hardiness and ability
meat processing, warehousing, Cold
to adapt to the most harsh regions
storage, refrigerated vehicles
and facility of movement in rugged
and harsher terrains 3. Absence of Public Private
3. Indigenous breeds with good Partnership.
potential
4. Marketing potential for wool and 4. Lack of demand driven
meat. interventions
5. Regulatory compliance. 5. Scarcity of good breeding stock,
6. Low production costs compared to
other breeds and animal species 6. Inadequate veterinary and
extension services,

7. Lack of credit and access to

markets.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

1. The growing demand of products 1. Extreme climatic conditions and

natural calamities.
2. Low start-up cost
2.Invasion of diseases
3. Integrated Systems Farming/
Mixed Species Farming 3.Depletion of natural resources
(pastural land)
4. Untapped potential for the export
& value added products. 4. Urbanisation.

5. Paradigm shift in Government 5. Tax regulations for marketing and

policies. other transactions.

6. Modern production technologies

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8.Challenges of the Goat Rearing Sector

8.1 Types of Challenges

The future well being of the Indian Goat industry depends on the potential for
profitability, which is affected by various challenges and opportunities. Thre are
three kinds of Challenges observed in the sector.
1. Technical Challenges
2. Commercial Challenges
3. Other Challenges
8.1.1 Technical Challenges
1. Unavailability of high Genetic Potential breeds of Goat.(Livestock breeds
and breeding)
2. Absence of high productive exotic breed for Crossbreeding
3. Lack of Scientific feeding practices
4. Health challenges like PPR,CCPP etc..
5. High kid mortality
6. Proper animal health services and Availability of drugs
8.1.2 Commercial Challenges
1. Marketing facilities
2. Unorganised nature of the sector
3. Endemic disease problems, and trans-boundary disease risks,
4. Feed resources (Grassland based ruminant systems are largely dependent
on pasture grazing) and Feed supply chains (compound feed mixing and milling),
5. Institutional support for entrepreneurship.
8.1.3 Other Challenges
(1) Competition for resources

(i) Land

In the more arid–semiarid areas, livestock are a key mechanism for managing risk,
but population increases are fragmenting rangelands in many places, making it
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increasingly difficult for pastoralists to gain access to the feed and water resources
that they have traditionally been able to access.

(ii) Water

Groundwater and freshwater resources play an important role in water supply:

between 1.5 and 3 billion people depend on groundwater for drinking, and in some
regions water tables are declining unremittingly (Rodell et al. 2009). By 2025, 64
per cent of the world's population will live in water-stressed basins, compared with
38 per cent today (Rosegrant et al. 2002). Increasing livestock numbers in the
future will clearly add to the demand for water, particularly in the production of
livestock feed:

(2) Climate change

Climate change may have substantial effects on the global livestock sector.
Increasing climate variability will undoubtedly increase livestock production risks
as well as reduce the ability of farmers to manage these risks.

In the more intensive systems, progress could be made in mitigating GHG

emissions from the livestock sector via increases in the efficiency of production
using available technology, for the most part, and this may involve some shifting
towards monogastric species.

(3) Socio-cultural modifiers

Social and cultural drivers of change are having profound effects on livestock
systems in particular places, although it is often unclear how these drivers play out
in relation to impacts on livestock and livestock systems. Livestock have multiple
roles in human society. They contribute substantially and directly to food security
and to human health. For poor and under-nourished people, particularly children,
the addition of modest amounts of livestock products to their diets can have
substantial benefits for physical and mental health.
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Livestock also serve as financial instruments, by providing households with an

alternative for storing savings or accumulated capital, and they can be sold and
transformed into cash as needed and so also provide an instrument of liquidity,
consumption smoothing and insurance. For some poorer households, livestock can
provide a means of income diversification to help deal with times of stress.

In addition to their food security, human health, economic and environmental roles,
livestock have important social and cultural roles.

(4) Ethical concerns as a driver of change

Ethical concerns may play an increasing role in affecting the production and
consumption of livestock products. Recent high-profile calls to flock to the banner
of global vegetarianism, backed by exaggerated claims of livestock's role in
anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions, though debates, it could become an
issue sometimes in future.

(5) Wildcard drivers of change

There is considerable uncertainty related to technological development and to social

and cultural change.

(i) Artificial meat (more correctly, in vitro meat)

From a technological point of view, this may not be a wildcard at all, as its
development is generally held to be perfectly feasible (Cuhls 2008), and indeed
research projects on it have been running for a decade already. In vitro meat could
potentially bypass many of the public health issues that are currently associated
with livestock-based meat. The development and uptake of in vitro meat on a large
scale would unquestionably be hugely disruptive to the traditional livestock sector.

(ii) Nanotechnology

This refers to an extremely dynamic field of research and application associated

with particles of 1–100 nm in size (the size range of many molecules). Some
particles of this size have peculiar physical and chemical properties, and it is such
 22

peculiarities that nanotechnology seeks to exploit. Nanoparticles may be able to

affect nutrient uptake and induce more efficient utilization of nutrients for milk
production, for example. One possible approach to animal waste management
involves adding nanoparticles to manure to enhance biogas production from
anaerobic digesters or to reduce odours (Scott 2006).

(iii) Deepening social concerns about specific technology

Much evidence points to a serious disconnect between science and public

perceptions. Marked distrust of science is a recurring theme in polls of public
perceptions of nuclear energy, genetic modification and, spectacularly,
anthropogenic global warming. One of several key reasons for this distrust is a lack
of credible, transparent and well-communicated risk analyses associated with many
of the highly technological issues of the day. One area where there are numerous
potential applications to agriculture is the use of transgenic methodology to develop
new or altered strains of livestock. These applications include „… improved milk
production and composition, increased growth rate, improved feed usage, improved
carcass composition, increased disease resistance, enhanced reproductive
performance, and increased prolificacy‟ (Wheeler 2007, p. 204). Social concerns
could seriously jeopardize even the judicious application of such new science and
technology in providing enormous economic, environmental and social benefits. If
this is to be avoided, technology innovation has to take fully into account the health
and environmental risks to which new technology may give rise. Serious and rapid
attention needs to be given to risk analysis and communications policy.
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8.2 Strategies to address the Challenges

In order to attain the targets of National Action Plan, primary attention shall be
given to the overall improvement of the sheep rearing sector which includes the
following factors,

1 Breeding and Genetics

2 Nutrition
3 Health Improvement and Prevention of Diseases
4 Marketing
5 Other Farmer and Animal Welfare activities.

8.2.1 Breeding and Genetics

To increase the meat and milk production per se and per animal, breed
improvement is the key strategy. There are several Methods of Genetic
Improvement of Indian Goat, which includes the 4 step Action Plan with focus on
separate identified breeds for meat and milk production.The 4 steps are:

1. Breed Improvement of the identified breeds of Goat from amongst the same breed
but higher comparative genetic merit animal (example – better Sirohi Goat for
higher weight of meat per animal by selective breeding from amongst the same
species better genotypes/phenotypes) – that is pure line high genetic merit breeding

2. Breed improvement of identified breeds of lesser genetic merit (example selective

breeding of lesser breed Marwari with better species breed of Sirohi Goat) – that is
hybrid high genetic merit breeding

3. Breed improvement of much lower yield but high population non-descript breed
which is typically lesser in genetic merit than the least merit identified breed itself
– that is hybrid of low genetic merit non-descript breed with high genetic identified
breed

4. Breed improvement through hybrid of high genetic merit exotic germplasm of

suitable genetic traits for higher meat and milk production.
 24

Figure:-Hierarchical structure of gene flow

8.2.2 Goat Nutrition Improvement

1) The nutritional needs of farm animals with respect to energy, protein,

minerals and vitamins have long been known, and these have been
refined in recent decades.
2) Poor nutrition is one of the major production constraints in smallholder
systems,
3) There are also prospects for using novel feeds from various sources to
provide alternative sources of protein and energy, such as plantation
crops and crops such as maize, sorghum, millet and groundnut.
4) Addressing the nutritional constraints faced by pastoralists in extensive
rangeland systems in the developing world is extremely difficult.
While there is potential to improve livestock productivity in semi-arid
and arid areas, probably the most feasible solutions require integrated
application of what is already known, rather than new technology. This
could involve dissemination of information from farmer to scientists
and vice versa.
5) Public health issues will become increasingly important, such as
concerns associated with the use of antibiotics in animal production,
including microbiological hazards and residues in food. So keeping in
 25

view of consumer concerns for food safety and quality, we need to

make awareness to the farmers with regard to the judicious use of
antibiotics/vaccines.

8.2.3 Health Improvement and Prevention of Diseases.

Occurrence of diseases causes heavy economic losses in terms of livestock
health and production. Advances in animal health are expected to play a major role
in the progress of livestock industry. Control of animal diseases assumes prime
importance in the crucial time of shifting of animal agriculture from extensive to
intensive and commercial system of management. Presence and accumulation of
infectious agents in the environment lead to reduction in quality and quantity of
animal products. Strategic control and eradication of economically important
diseases will result in enhancing goat production in the country.

Diseases in Goats can be broadly classified as non-infectious and infectious.

Prevention of disease plays a major role in increasing profitability in a Goat farm.
Vaccination against infectious diseases is an important component of health
management.

a) Non-infectious diseases:- Approximately 80% of deaths in kids have been

estimated due to non-infectious causes. Starvation, primarily from mismothering
and behaviour, nutritional and environmental stress, reproductive problems and
predation are the major causes reported (pneumonia, acidosis etc...)

b) Infectious diseases:-In most of the diseases like Blue Tongue, ET and PPR the
incubation period is less than 24 hrs. Antibiotics are recommended to check
secondary infections. Vaccination is the best control.

c) Deficiency diseases:-

 Young Goat grazing on drought-stricken pastures can suffer serious depletion

of reserves of minerals and vitamins.
 26

 Calcium and Glucose: Characterized by Pregnancy Toxemia,

Ketosis,Lactational problems and Fatty-liver disease. Growth and Milk
production may also severely affected..
 Calcium, Phosphorous & Vit. D : The daily requirement of Ca, P & Vit. D
for an adult Goat is about 2.5 gm, 1.5 gm and 300-500 units, respectively.
Deficiency may result in rickets in kids and Osteomalacia in adults. Mineral
supplementation in diet is essential to prevent this deficiency.
 Vitamin A : Vit. A deficiency occurs in Goats on dry countryside during
periods of drought. Symptoms include night blindness, corneal keratinization,
ptyriasis, hoof defects, loss of weight and infertility. Congenital defects are
common in the offspring of deficient dams. Animals should have access to
green pasture and should be supplied with Vit. A in feed to prevent
deficiency.

In India, the last few decades have seen a general reduction in the burden of
livestock diseases, except PPR as a result of more effective drugs and vaccines and
improvements in diagnostic technologies and services.

8.2.4 Marketing(Goat Meat and Milk Processing Sector)

Meat production and supply of meat for local consumption is the most neglected
sector in the country. Meat is sold in open premises leading to contamination from
dirt, dust, flies and other pollutants. The traditional production systems and the
unhygienic practices have ruined and flawed the image of the Indian meat industry.
Indian meat industry on scientific and modern lines is need for benefiting livestock
producers, processors, finally consumers.

 Development of adequate market infrastructure with basic requirements is

must for marketing.
 Because of the unorganized nature of the sector farmer is not getting good
price.
 27

 Lack of scientifically designed good abattoirs and processing plants

discourage the farmer to start scientific rearing of meat goats/limit the flock
number.
 Quality Assurance of Goat meat quality assurance needs to be addressed..
 Along with the production and productivity increase marketing facilities
should be prioritized to compete the export markets and to increase the
income.
 Processing and value addition to goat meat and milk products and
by‐products is urgently required.

The following activities shall be undertaken to tap the domestic as well as export
markets.

1. Setting up of State of Art- Abattoir cum meat processing plants: In India,

there are only 10 most modern state of art mechanized abattoir cum meat
processing plants in various states for slaughtering of buffaloes and sheep.
These plants are eco-friendly as the by-products are utilized for production of
MBM, tallow, bone chips etc. In addition, establishment of Effluent
Treatment Plant for waste water treatment from abattoir and lairage, with the
water discharged having BOD values 30 ppm. These plants follow SPS
measures prescribed by the International Animal Health Code of O.I.E. To
meet the requirement we need more scientifically designed abottairs and
meat processing plants.
2. Raising Meat Breeds of Goats: In India a major potential exists for Goat
rearing for meat purposes. The meat breeds can be salvaged for meat
production thereby improving the economic condition of the farmers and also
meat production for domestic and export market. These animals can be
reared without the use of hormones, antibiotics, and growth promoters. They
can then be slaughtered scientifically for meat production.
3. The Rearing Bucks: Contractual farming as backward integration to modern
abattoir: A strong need has been felt to establish a production base around
 28

Each modern abattoir to produce quality and disease free animals as per SPS
requirements of O.I.E. The success story of broiler farming with contract
farming can be employed here to safeguard the interest of small and marginal
farmers by providing them the feed, medicine and marketing of finished
product and ascertaining a fixed remuneration to farmers.
4. Setting up cold storages: Meat is nutrient dense food which makes it
perishable commodity. In order to improve keeping quality of meat, cold
chain is of crucial importance during transport as well as storage till it
reaches to consumers. The Government should support setting up cold
storages, supply/value chain and 100% export oriented slaughter houses in
the country.
5. Development of a protocol for small size modern slaughterhouse, which
can be implemented through veterinary Research Institutions.
6. Value addition and Processing of Goat Milk and Meat: For commercial
exploitation of the value added goat foods, development of shelf stable
products assumes greater importance and work will be carried out in this
direction. Novel functional products such as antioxidant enriched, omega‐3
fatty acids enriched, low cholesterol goat milk products, herbal products, low
calorie indigenous goat foods and minerals and vitamins fortified functional
products and low cholesterol foods will be evaluated. It is suggested that
convergence of activities of different Departments like MoFPI, DoC..etccan
be promoted for this.
7. Consumer Oriented Programmes: Shelf life enhancement employing novel
processing and packaging options will be critical to address the issues of
production of quality products for wider marketing network. Newer healthful
and functional ingredients such as fruits, vitamins, bioactive peptides &
natural antioxidants, and probiotics could be incorporated into product
formulation to enhance value and offer consumers. Under this we can
promote Self Help Groups, Women SHGs ,Youth Entrepreneurship
programmes by including in the existing category of EDEG like schemes.
 29

8. Marketing Development: Understanding the market and preparing it to

respond to emerging market trends would be the prime instrument for
enhancing the domestic livelihood opportunities in the goat sector. Most of
the meat production and marketing practices in India are traditional. Well-
integrated marketing system for meat and meat products is lacking in India.
The main reasons are monopoly of meat trader, lack of coordination between
production and demand, too many middlemen in the trade and inefficiency
management in slaughterhouse. There is a dire need to modernize the meat
production and marketing system. Government of India is keen to improve
the marketing system so that the consumers would get the quality meat and
meat products at reasonable prices. So, this is the time to think about E-
marketing Portal or other E connectivity methods and Use of Marketing
Intelligence facilities.
9. National Animal Identification System for Traceability
There is a growing worldwide trend for countries to implement whole-of-life
traceability systems for livestock due to the following reasons.

1) Massive increase in demand for food of animal origin

2) Longer and more complex transport and value chains
3) Intensification of production systems and development of industrial private
sector
4) Reduction of public investment, transfer of certain services to private sector
and awareness of shared responsibility
5) Awareness of consumers about food safety, quality, animal welfare and the
environment
6) To increase the revenue through Exports.

The system improves food safety, acts as a market export assurance program which
improves India's access to foreign export markets, and assists with disease control,
tracing and management. Farmers must register their property with their local
 30

jurisdictional government if they hold one or more heads of livestock. As far as

trade barriers of Indian Exports are concerned, traceability of Sheep and Goat is a
problem especially, to meet the requirements of trading partners (such as the EU) of
Developed countries. So, National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) is need
of the hour as we are intending to increase the exports of livestock products.

8.2.5 Other Farmer and Animal welfare activities

The Goat development sector as a whole is unorganised. So, to organise the sector
is the need of the hour.The following farmer oriented cum animal welfare activities
can be considered for this purpose.
1) Scheme for Social Security for Goat Breeders ; Insurance schemes which
will provide financial and social security to the farmer. The basic objective
of the Goat Insurance Scheme is to provide insurance cover to animal in the
case of accident including fire, lightning, storm, tempest, flood, inundation,
earthquake, famine and diseases contracted or occurring during the period of
the policy for project areas.
2) Developmental projects in the mode of Public Private Participation.
3) Common Facility Centre (CFC) for the rural Goat farmers
4) Efforts to make sector organizations/ co-operatives, to strengthen the
production side ie, Production of good quality animals for slaughter is must
for production of good quality meat. Hence, farmers‟ cooperative can play a
major role in the field of production and marketing of quality animals,
extension education and encouragement of backward integration / contract
farming as in poultry industry for intensive and semi-intensive system of
rearing small ruminants.
 31

9. National Action Plan 2022

 32

9.1 Objectives of National Action Plan 2022

Based on the Opportunities and Resources and keeping in mind the challenges, a
National Action Plan is hereby proposed.The key objectives are:
1) To increase the production and productivity of Goat Farming sector.
2) To meet the increased consumption demand of Chevon and Goat Milk.
3) Organization of sector and Development of Agripreneurship and Doubling of
Farmers income
9.2Physical Targets of National Action Plan

No of additional Total No
Animals of Animals
required to required
Target Target achieve the to achive
Productio
2015-16 of of target(million),( the
Spec n
produc Produc Produc average yield of targeted
ies Paramete
tion tion by tion by meat @ productio
r
2022 2022 11kg(BAHS)and n(135
average 98 kg million as
milk/lactation per 2012
196 days LC)
5.4 8.2
217
Million 7.00% Million 82
Million
Milk MT MT
Goat
12.6
9.4 Lac 249.55
Meat(Che 5.00% Lac 114.55
Tonnes Million
von) Tonnes

During 2015-16, out of the total population of 135 million, 32464.58 thousands of
Goats were in-milk and the total milk production was 5.4 Million MT. The average
yield of animal /lactation period of 196 days is 98 kg. Also, during 2015-
16,75094.75 thousands adult Goats and 11087.28 thousands young Goats were
slaughtered to produce 9.4 Lac tonnes of Chevon.The average yield of meat/animal
was 11 kg.
The plan envisages, increasing the Chevon production to 12.6 Lac Tonnes
and 8.2 Million MT of Milk from the non-descript population anticipated to be
 33

achieved through genetic improvement. At present the Goat population is 135

Million and to achieve the physical targets, an increase of approx.114 million more
animals needed.

Chevon production

9.4 12.6
Lakh tonnes

15
10
5
0
2015-16 2022-23
Taking 5% CAGR

Milk production

10 8.2
million MT

8 5.4
6
4
2
0
2015-16 2022-23
Taking 7% CAGR
 34

9.3 Key Strategies

9.3.1 To increase the production and productivity of Goat Farming sector,the
following are the key strategies

i. Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Goat through Open Nucleus breeding

scheme.

ii. Strengthening of Government Goat Breeding farms.

i. Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme for Conservation and

Improvement(Formation of ONBS)

A Nucleus Breeding Program is a centralized improvement program method, in

which very superior animals are brought together from supply farms to form an
elite nucleus flock. Farmers have to agree to put their superior animals together.
The nucleus or base may remain open to the best animals from the supply flocks.
This system is, therefore, called the Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme(ONBS).
Once the nucleus is established, an efficient recording and selection program can be
implemented. Farmers in an area using the same communal grazing area can be
organized to undertake a breed improvement program together. They can, select
elite animals among the total flock to form a nucleus flock of breeding females.
These will be mated to selected males (EXOTIC/Indiginous) to produce the next
generation. This is coupled with continuous culling of inferior animals. Records on
the performance of the nucleus flocks and their offspring will be kept. Rigorous
selection and culling will be done continuously. The best animals will be retained
and the least performing ones eliminated from the nucleus herd. High performing
animals that have performances better than those culled from the nucleus herd
selected from the annual round of inspections and selection among the village
flocks will be promoted to membership of the nucleus flock. This process will
continue resulting in a progressive increment of the average performance of the
nucleus herd from generation to generation.
 35

ONBS will have the following advantages:

 Animals entering the nucleus are tested under farm conditions;

 Selection is based on records for traits of economic value;
 The improvements are quickly spread as farmers participating in the schemes
receive their replacement sires from the nucleus;
 A rapid generation turnover can be maintained;
 Inbreeding is avoided;
 Objectives are maintained for many years; and Small farmers benefit from
coordinated effort, policy, pooled experience and shared facilities.

Suggested Action plan

The action plan for Goat breed improvement would firstly involve identification of
the herd population of high genetic merit. The broad steps and the process to do
this, would comprise:
i. An exhibition with prize money for does with good phenotype will be
conducted. The number of does identified should be at least 3 times more
than the number of bucks required to cover the earmarked breedable female
population of the selected districts (zone). The name and address of the
owner of the does shall be taken and recorded to facilitate the skilled recorder
to record the traits of the male kids thus given birth by such does.
ii. Simultaneously, the required number of bucks with good vigour and
phenotype will be identified and purchased by Government for breeding with
the identified does. The number of such bucks shall be at a ratio of 1 buck per
30 identified does.
iii. Male kids born out of the identified does and having satisfactory growth rate
and preferably out of twinning kids will be identified; records will be
collected till 9 months of age at the farmer‟s house itself. Recorded data shall
be sent to Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdum, to get
the approval to purchase the bucks for breeding. Recording of traits will be
done by entrusted persons @ Rs.5000/-per month.
iv. Following recommendations from the CIRG, Makhdum, the selected high
genetic merit bucks will be purchased @ Rs.30,000/- and distributed to
progressive farmers in the ratio of Buck: Doe=1:30. An agreement that they
cannot sell off the bucks till 5 year and they have to allow to breed the nearby
females of the villager by taking Rs. 50/- per service for looking after the
buck shall be made. Any additional amount over the above purchase price for
the buck shall have to be borne by the States, if required.
 36

v. All the identified as well as selected animals will be insured and ear tagged.

The flow chart for the above activities is as follows:

Identification of best Does+ Buck

Distribution of Bucks for breeding with the identified Does

Identification and selection of male kids born out of the Identified Does

Purchase of high genetic merit Bucks to distribute for natural service

Distribution of HGM bucks to the farmers

9.3.2 To meet the increased consumption demand of Chevon and Goat Milk,
the following are the key strategies

i. Increasing the High Genetic merit Population by way of introduction of

Artificial Insemination, ETT and other modern breeding techniques.

Suggested Action Plan

i. Establishment of Germplasm centres and Strengthening of AI centres and

establishment of more mobile AI.
9.3.3 Organization of Goat Farming sector and Development of Agri-
preneurship
The Entrepreneurship in the Goat farming can be increased by several folds through
different Livestock Farmers Groups/Breeder‟s Association suggested to be in line
 37

with ATMA farmer groups with 20 farmers in each group. Also, one of the main
goal of Goat production is to increase the export of Chevon. To tap the international

Markets, we need to keep the Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary requirements of the

country, wherein “traceability “of the animal product is mandatory. So, these
commodity based/farming based groups will help for the co-ordination of tagging
and other identification procedures. These groups will also help for the co-
ordination of the marketing and value addition of the products as well as the
animals.

i. Encouragement to form 17725 Livestock Farmers Groups/Breeder‟s

Association over 5 years.

ii. More leverage to be given to funding of entrepreneurs through

Entrepreneurship Development and Employment Generation component of
the National Livestock Mission.

Suggested Action Plan

Under the National Livestock Mission, sub-mission on skill development,

technology transfer and extension 7.4.1 Component (I) - IEC Support for Livestock
Extension Component (III)-Livestock Farmers Groups/Breeder‟s Association.
 38

10.Conclusion

This National Action Plan would serve as a basis to the States and UTs to develop
their own Action Plans based on the agro climatic conditions. Accordingly,
Department can formulate different modules specific to states in an integrated mode
which could make an ultimate growth and sectoral development, invariably
contributes to the National and Farmers income.

**************************
39
40
 National Action Plan for Goat-Expected Outcome-Milk

Expected
kiddings
in a Expected Expected Milk
year@50 number Prodn.@115k
% success of Goat in- g/animal/lact
Sl No State rate in AI. milk/year ation, in kgs
Total

1 Rajasthan 17406000 17406000 2001690000

Jammu &
2 Kashmir 5835000 5835000 671025000
Uttar
3 Pradesh 11202000 11202000 1288230000

4 Karnataka 4369000 4369000 502435000

Andhra
5 Pradesh 4007000 4007000 460805000

6 Telangana 2864000 2864000 329360000

7 Bihar 4369000 4369000 502435000
Madhya
8 Pradesh 5995000 5995000 689425000
Maharash
9 tra 6536000 6536000 751640000
10 Odisha 4211000 4211000 484265000
West
11 Bengal 7089000 7089000 815235000
Total 73883000 73883000 8496545000
8496545
8.2 million MT
Technical Assumptions
1 milk yield/doe /lactation-110 kg
 National Action Plan -Goat
Present Production
Sl No Production2015-16
ParameterCAGR%
1 Chevon 9.4 lac tons
2 Goat Milk 5.4 Million Tons
Targets pf production and requirements by 2022
1 Chevon 12.6 lac tons 5
2 Goat Milk 8.2 MT 7
Expected outcomes by NAP
1 Chevon 13.9 Lac tons
2 Goat Milk 8.2 MT
Assumptions made for population projections of Goat.
Inputs Rates
Initial
Number 36941256
Initial
Number
of Bucks 14107392
Kidding
rate per
year 1.5
No. of
kiddings
every 2
years 3
Proportio
n of
young
buck:youn
g ewe 50%(50:50)

Proportio
n of does
delivering
triplets 10%

Proportio
n of does
delivering
twinnings 60%

Proportio
n of does
delivering
single kids 30%
Death
Rate
(%/year) 10%

Bucks
death rate
per year 1%
Fatten/Sla
ugther
rate
(%/year)
for does 20%
Fatten/Sla
ugther
rate
(%/year)
for bucks 70%
Average
Culling
Rate
(%/Year) 10%
Dressing
Percentag 50%
e
Average
Body 50 kg
weight
 Population Projections for Goat.
Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Breeding
Does 36941256 36,941,256 80,029,537 123,117,818 ########## ####### #######
Bucks 14107392 12,696,653 27,585,093 40,984,689 71,891,140 ####### #######
Kids for breeding
93,346,452
young
does(0-12 43,088,281 43,088,281 ########## ####### #######
months)

Does (12
- 43,088,281 43,088,281 93,346,452 ####### #######
+ months)
young
bucks(0-
16,158,105 16,158,105 35,004,919 53,851,734 ####### #######
12
months)
Bucks (12
- 16,158,105 16,158,105 35,004,919 ####### #######
+ months)
Total Kiddings ######### 132,988,522 288,106,333 ########## ####### #######
Total Kids ######### 132,988,522 288,106,333 ########## ####### #######
Triplets 22164754 22164754 48017722 73870691 ######## ########
Twinnings 88659014 88659014 192070889 295482763 ######## ########
Single 22164754 22164754 48017722 73870691 ######## ########
Deserviced does ####### #######
Deserviced bucks
Dead Goats 13,298,852 13,298,852 28,810,633 44,322,414 ####### #######
Culled goats 11,968,967 11,968,967 25,929,570 39,890,173 ####### #######

young ewes 10,772,070 10,772,070 23,336,613 35,901,156 ####### #######

young bucks 37,702,246 37,702,246 81,678,145 ########## ####### #######
Total goats fattened 48,474,316 48,474,316 105,014,758 ########## ####### #######
Culled stocks ready for 11,968,967 11,968,967 25,929,570 ####### #######
Total goats for 60,443,283 60,443,283 ########## ####### #######
Total Meat 664,876,114 ########## ####### #######
Total Meat Production over 5 years(kgs) 14,032,845,899 (14032845 tons)
 7

#######
#######

#######

#######

#######

#######

#######
#######
########
########
########
#######
#######
#######
#######

#######
#######
#######
#######
#######
#######
(14 LAC TONS)
 Goat Population Details
Graded Non-Des Pure
Sl No State
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 Rajasthan 715648 2910307 3625955 1846387 7798001 9644388 1698101 6697495

TamilNad
2u 113280 247055 360335 1981921 5105695 7087616 212824 482566
Uttar
3 Pradesh 1519109 3873763 5392872 2063982 5348941 7412923 800591 1979229

4 Jharkhand 100504 206619 307123 1270945 2449192 3720137 840559 1713630

Andhra
5 Pradesh 56276 183753 240029 2081081 6456251 8537332 63423 230437
6 Bihar 100504 206619 307123 1270945 2449192 3720137 840559 1713630
Madhya
7 Pradesh 81352 226613 307965 1890939 5646855 7537794 46683 121494
Maharash
8 tra 72282 214911 287193 1318304 4518582 5836886 509187 1802041
9 Odisha 241247 358519 599766 1530619 2872157 4402776 530087 980458
West
10 Bengal 67051 97902 164953 243537 359733 603270 4106856 6630871
 Total Population in the State
Total Male Female Total

8395596 4260136 17405803 21665939

695390 2308025 5835316 8143341

2779820 4383682 11201933 15585615

2554189 2212008 4369441 6581449

293860 2200780 6870441 9071221

2554189 2212008 4369441 6581449

168177 2018974 5994962 8013936

2311228 1899773 6535534 8435307

1510545 2301953 4211134 6513087

10737727 4417444 7088506 11505950

28214783 73882511
 National Action Plan for Goat
Total Population in the States Expected Physical
No of
bucks
required
to No of
cost of
achieve bucks in
buck
No. of Breedable Breedable the target each
Sl No State @10,000
Districts Male Female male@50 Female@ @ 50% station@
Rs. per
% 50% success 1 semen
animal,in
rate station/di
lacs.
@50% strict
slaughter
rate

1 33 2130068 8702902 17406 527 52.75

Rajasthan 4260136 17405803
TamilNad
2 32 1154013 2917658 5835 182 18.23
u 2308025 5835316
Uttar
3 75 2191841 5600967 11202 149 14.94
Pradesh 4383682 11201933
4 24 1106004 2184721 4369 182 18.20
Jharkhand 2212008 4369441
Andhra
5 13 1283495 4006841 641747.4 2003421 4007 308 30.82
Pradesh
6 31 917285.1 2863600 458642.6 1431800 2864 92 9.24
Telengana
7 Bihar 38 2212008 4369441 1106004 2184721 4369 115 11.50
Madhya
8 51 1009487 2997481 5995 118 11.75
Pradesh 2018974 5994962
Maharash
9 36 949886.5 3267767 6536 182 18.16
tra 1899773 6535534
10 Odisha 30 2301953 4211134 1150977 2105567 4211 140 14.04
West
11 23 2208722 3544253 7089 308 30.82
Bengal 4417444 7088506
Total 386 28214783 73882511 14107392 36941256 73883 191 19.14
Technical Assumptions
1 Dressing percentage= 50
2 70% of male and 20 % of female kids born are slaughtering for Chevon production.
3 At present meat yield / animal is 11.5 kg(BAHS 2016)
4 With the improved Breeding Programme, expected average meat yield =25 kg
5 average milk yield/animal/lactation-98 kg
Expected Expenditure

Establish
ment of
Total
Semen GoI share
Project
Station@ @60%,in
Cost in
122lakhs lacs.
lacs.
@1/distri
ct

4026 4078.75 2447.25

3904 3922.23 2353.34

9150 9164.94 5498.96

2928 2946.20 1767.72

1586 1616.82 970.09

3782 3791.24 2274.74

4636 4647.50 2788.50
6222 6233.75 3740.25

4392 4410.16 2646.09

3660 3674.04 2204.42
2806 2836.82 1702.09
47092 47111.14 28266.68
 National Action Plan for Goat -Expected Outcome-Chevon
Expected No. of animals for Expected
Sl No State
Male Female Total Chevon

10965780 2193156 13158936 3.29E+08

1 Rajasthan

Jammu & 3676050 735210 4411260 1.1E+08

2 Kashmir
Uttar
7057260 1411452 8468712 2.12E+08
3 Pradesh
Karnatak
2752470 550494 3302964 82574100
4 a
Andhra
2524410 504882 3029292 75732300
5 Pradesh
Telangan
1804320 360864 2165184 54129600
6 a
7 Bihar 2752470 550494 3302964 82574100
8 Madhya Pradesh
3776850 755370 4532220 1.13E+08
9 Maharashtra4117680 823536 4941216 1.24E+08
10 Odisha 2652930 530586 3183516 79587900
11 West Bengal4466070 893214 5359284 1.34E+08
Total 46546290 9309258 55855548 1.4E+09
Technical Assumptions 1396388.7 tons
1 Dressing percentage= 50
2 70% of male and 20 % of female lambs born are slaughtering for mutton production.
3 meat yield / animal is 25 kg
 National Action Plan for Goat -Expected Outcomes(through Artificial Inseminat
No of Expected Expected No of kids Expected No of Males
bucks kiddings in
required a Total
to achieve year@50% single@30 twinning@ @50% of
No. of the target success % 60% triplets@1 Totalkids total
Sl No State Districts @ 50% rate in AI. 0% expected lambs
1 Rajasthan 33 17406 17406000 5221800 20887200 5221800 31330800 15665400
Jammu &
32
2 Kashmir 5835 5835000 1750500 7002000 1750500 10503000 5251500
Uttar
75
3 Pradesh 11202 11202000 3360600 13442400 3360600 20163600 10081800
4 Karnataka 24 4369 4369000 1310700 5242800 1310700 7864200 3932100
Andhra
13
5 Pradesh 4007 4007000 1202100 4808400 1202100 7212600 3606300
6 Telangana 31 2864 2864000 859200 3436800 859200 5155200 2577600
7 Bihar 38 4369 4369000 1310700 5242800 1310700 7864200 3932100
Madhya
8 Pradesh 51 5995
5995000 1798500 7194000 1798500 10791000 5395500
Maharasht
36
9 ra 6536 6536000 1960800 7843200 1960800 11764800 5882400
10 Odisha 30 4211 4211000 1263300 5053200 1263300 7579800 3789900
West
23
11 Bengal 7089 7089000 2126700 8506800 2126700 12760200 6380100
Total 386 73883 73883000 22164900 88659600 22164900 132989400 66494700
Technical Assumptions
1 Semen produced from 1 Ram/year = 2000 doses
2 AI success rate= 50%
3 Ratio of single kid: twinning:triplets =30:60:10
4 Ratio of male:female kids =50:50
5 70% of male and 20 % of female lambs born are slaughtered for mutton production.
6 30% of male and 80% female lams are retained for breeding purpose.
ugh Artificial Insemination)
Expected No of Males Expected No of Females
Bucks Bucks Does Does
required required required required
for for Total for for
slaughteri breeding@ @50% of slaughteri breeding@
ng@70% 30% total kids ng@20% 80%
10965780 4699620 15665400 3133080 12532320

3676050 1575450 5251500 1050300 4201200

7057260 3024540 10081800 2016360 8065440

2752470 1179630 3932100 786420 3145680

2524410 1081890 3606300 721260 2885040

1804320 773280 2577600 515520 2062080
2752470 1179630 3932100 786420 3145680

3776850 1618650 5395500 1079100 4316400

4117680 1764720 5882400 1176480 4705920

2652930 1136970 3789900 757980 3031920

4466070 1914030 6380100 1276020 5104080

46546290 19948410 66494700 13298940 53195760