MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

SECTOR 46, GURGAON

Grade XII

PHYSICS

CHAPTER 1 Electric charges and field

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Very short question

1. Resistivities of copper, silver and manganin are 1.7 × 10-8m, 1.0 × 10-8m and 44 × 10-8m respectively. Which of
these is the best conductor?

2. Draw the graph showing the variation of conductivity with temperature for a metallic conductor?

3. If a wire is stretched to double of its length. What will be its new resistivity?

4. Name any one material having a small value of temperature coefficient of resistance. Write one use of this
material?

5. If the temperature of a good conductor decreases, how does the relaxation time of electrons in the conductor
change?

6. If potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V, how will the drift velocity of the electron
change?

7. In a whetstone bridge experiment, a student by mistake, connects key (k) in place of galvanometer and
galvanometer (G) in place of Key (K). What will be the change in the deflection of the bridge.

8. What is the value of current I at O in the adjoining circuit?

9. State one condition for maximum current to be drawn from the cell?

10. Two wires A and B are of the same metal and of same length have their areas of cross section in the ratio 2:1 if
the same potential difference is applied across each wire in turn, what will be the ratio of current flowing in A &
B?

2 Mark Questions

1. V-I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 is shown in figure. Which of these two
temperatures is higher and why?
2. The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12 V. If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4 ohm , what is the
maximum current that can be drawn from the battery?

3. Two electric bulbs A and B are marked 220V, 40 w and 220V, 60 W respectively. Which one has a higher
resistance?

4. In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25 V gives a balance point at 35.0 cm length of the wire. If the
cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0 cm, what is the emf of the second cell?

5. A cylindrical wire is stretched to increase its length by 10% calculate the percentage increase in resistance?

6. The current I flows through a wire of radius r and the free electron drift with a velocity vd what is the drift
velocity of electrons through a wire of same material but having double the radius, when a current of 2I flows
through it?

3 mark questions

1. Calculate the steady-state current through the 2Ω resistor in the circuit shown below

2.(a) Why do we prefer potentiometer to measure the emf of cell than a voltmeter?

(b) With suitable circuit diagram, show how emfs of 2 cells can be compared using a potentiometer?

3. Potential difference V is applied across the ends of copper wire of length (l) and diameter D. What is the effect
on drift velocity of electrons if (a) V is doubled, (b) l is doubled and (c) D is doubled.

4. The potentiometer circuit shown, the balance (null) point is at X. State with reason, where the balance point will
be shifted when
(a) Resistance R is increased, keeping all parameters unchanged.

(b) Resistance S is increased, keeping R constant.

(c) Cell P is replaced by another cell whose emf is lower than that of cell Q.

5. The variation of resistance of a metallic conductor with temperature is given in

(a) Calculate the temperature coefficient of resistance from the graph.

(b) State why the resistance of the conductor increases with the rise in temperature.

6. Three identical cells, each of emf. 2v and unknown internal resistance are connected in parallel .This
combination is connected to a 5ohm resister. If the terminal voltage across the cell is 1.5volt. What is the internal
resistance of each cell, hence define internal resistance of a cell?

7. Figure below shows a 2.0V potentiometer used for the determination of internal resistance of a 1.5V cell. The
balance point of the cell in open circuit is 76.3cm. When a resistance of 9.5ohms is used in external circuit of the
cell the balance point shifts to 64.8cm length of the potentiometer. Determine the internal resistance of the cell.

8. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 ohm is connected resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A,
what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed?

9. Figure shows a potentiometer circuit for comparison of two resistances. The balance point with a standard
resistor R = 10.0ohms is found to be 58.3 cm, while that with the unknown resistance X is 68.5 cm. Determine the
value of X. What might you do if you failed to find a balance point with the given cell of emf E?
10. Figure shows a 2.0 V potentiometer used for the determination of internal resistance of a 1.5 V cell. The
balance point of the cell in open circuit is 76.3 cm. When a resistor of 9.5ohms is used in the external circuit of the
cell, the balance point shifts to 64.8 cm length of the potentiometer wire. Determine the internal resistance of the
cell.

11. Potential differences across terminals of a cell were measured (in volt) against different currents (in ampere)
flowing through the cell. A graph was drawn which was a straight line ABC, as shown in the figure. Determine
from the graph :-
(a) emf of the cell, (b) maximum current obtained from the cell, and (c) internal resistance of the cell.

12. In a metre bridge (Fig.), the null point is found at a distance of 33.7 cm from A. If now a resistance of 12Ω is
connected in parallel with S, the null point occurs at 51.9 cm. Determine the values of R and S.

13. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine the value of the current Ix flowing in the circuit shown in the figure.
5mark question

1. Figure shows a potentiometer with a cell of 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.40 ohm maintaining a potential drop
across the resistor wire AB. A standard cell which maintains a constant emf of 1.02 V (for very moderate currents
up to a few mA) gives a balance point at 67.3 cm length of the wire. To ensure very low currents drawn from the
standard cell, a very high resistance of 600 kΩ is put in series with it, which is shorted close to the balance point.
The standard cell is then replace by a cell of unknown emf and the balance point found similarly, turns out to be at
82.3 cm length of the wire.

(a) What is the value E?

(b) What purpose does the high resistance of 600kΩ have?

(c) Is the balance point affected by this high resistance?

(d) Is the balance point affected by the internal resistance of the driver cell?

(e) Would the method work in the above situation if the driver cell of the potentiometer had an emf of 1.0 V
instead of 2.0 V?

(f) Would the circuit work well for determining an extremely small emf, say of the order of a few mV (such as the
typical emf of a thermo-couple)? If not, how will you modify the circuit?

2. (a) Write the principal of wheatstone bridge.

(b) Answer the following