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I.E.S. (Conv.) - 2005
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER – I
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 200
Candidates should attempt SIX questions, selecting TWO questions from Section - A, ONE from Section - B, ONE
from Section - C and TWO from Section – D.
SECTION A
1. (a) For the circuit shown in Fig. 1, find the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits looking in at
terminals ‘a’ and ‘b’
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(b) In the R-L-C circuit shown in Fig. 2, Is = 10 A, R =1 , L = 1 H, C = 1 F and iL (0-) = 0.
d 2v
Determine v(0+)
dt
dt 2 0 after the switch is closed at t = 0.
dv
0 and
(c) An industrial consumer is operating a 3-phase 10 kW induction motor at a tagging power
factor of 0.8 and at a source voltage of 400 V r.m.s. He wishes to raise the power factor to
0.95 lagging by connecting a circuit element in parallel to the load (motor). Indicate the type
of circuit element (inductive or capacitive) and find its value if the operating frequency is 50
Hz. Give your comments on the new line and motor currents.
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2. (a) A 415 V, three-phase generator supplies power to both a delta- and a star-connected load in
the manner shown in Fig. 3. All the phase impedances are identical and specifically equal to
(5 + j 8.66). Compute the total generator current in each line.
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(b) Show that the resonant frequency w0 of an R-L-C series circuit is geometric mean of w1 and
w2, the lower and upper half-power frequencies respectively.
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(c) Prove that for BIBO stability, the roots of the characteristic equation or the poles of the
system transfer function cannot be located in the right half of s-plane or on the jw-axis,
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3. (a) A system is described by the following state variable equations:
where U(t) is Unit step input and the output
Determine y(t), t 0 when the initial values of the states at time t = 0 are x1(0) = x2(0) = 1.
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(b) A unity feedback system has an open-loop transfer function
10000
G s
s s 10
2
Determine the phase margin of the system in degrees.
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1 aTs
(c) The transfer function of a phase-lead controller is given as Gc s , a 1 and T is a
1 Ts
constant depending on the circuit parameters.
Determine the maximum value of the phase lead which can be obtained from this controller.
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SECTION B
4. (a) Explain the concept of wave impedance for plane waves travelling in a lossless medium and
show how this may be extended to cover the case of a conductive medium. Show that the
reflection coefficient for plane waves travelling in a vacuum and falling with normal
incidence upon a medium having wave impedance is given by
( - 0)/ ( + 0)
Show that when a plane wave is incident normally upon a medium with permeability 0
permittivity 0 and conductivity the fraction of power absorbed is approximately
2(20/)1/2.
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(b) Derive an expression for characteristic impedance of a coaxial transmission line with inner
and outer radius are a and b respectively.
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(c) Show that in a source free homogeneous isotropic linear medium, the time harmonic electric
and magnetic fields are
.A
Given by E F j A and
j
.F
H A j F
j
where A and F are magnetic and electric vector potential.
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5. (a) Write the Maxwell’s equation in a good conductor for time harmonic fields. Show that the
conduction current density J in a good conductor must satisfy
.J 2 J j J
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(b) Explain relaxation time constant for a metal. Derive an expression for the continuity of
current equation for dynamic current. Show that the volume change density is a solution of
v
/ v 0
t
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(c) Show that for metals 1 j
2
k 1 j
2
where is intrinsic wave impedance of the medium and k is the wave number.
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SECTION C
6. (a) Explain the current conduction mechanism in a semiconductor. Explain how doping changes
the conductivity of a semiconductor? Show that the Fermi level lies halfway between the
valence and conduction band of an intrinsic semiconductor.
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(b) Explains electron and hole mobilities and drift velocities.
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(c) What is piezoelectricity? What are the different applications in which piezoelectricity is
used? Describe materials that show piezoelectricity.
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7. (a) What do you understand by magnetic hysteresis ? Differentiate between hard and soft
magnetic material.
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(b) What is the domain theory of magnetization? What is Curie temperature? Can Curie
temperature of a material be changed?
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(c) Explain the basic properties of dielectrics. What do you understand by the loss tangent and
susceptibility?
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SECTION D
8. (a) A balanced bridge has the following aria parameters:-
Arm AB - K1 = 1500 in parallel with
C1 = 0.03 F.
Arm BC - K2 = 1876 in series with
C2 = 0.03 F.
Arm CD - Unknown.
Arm DA - C3 = 0.5 F.
If an a.c. voltage of frequency 1 kHz is applied across the junction 80, find the parameters of
arm CD.
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(b) What is meant by absolute measurement of electrical quantities? Describe the method of
absolute measurement of ohm.
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(c) An electrodynamics wattmeter is employed to measure power in a single phase circuit. The
load voltage is 230 V and the load current is 5 Amps. at a lagging power factor of 0.1. The
wattmeter potential coil has a resistance of 10,000 and an inductive reactance negligible
compared to resistance. Determine percentage error in the wattmeter reading. Inductance of
coil is 100 mH and pressure coil is connected on load side, to
9. (a) During the measurement of a capacitor, following ten readings were obtained:
1.002, 0.998, 1.005, 1.009, 0.995, 0.997, 1.004, 1.008, 1.003 and 0.994 F.
Calculate
(i) the arithmetic mean,
(ii) the deviation from the mean,
(iii) average deviation and
(iv) standard deviation.
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(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of potentiometers used as transducers.
A linear resistance potentiometer is 100 mm long and is uniformly wound with a wire of total
resistance 10,000 . Under normal conditions, the slider is at the centre of the potentiometer.
Determine the linear displacement when the resistance of the potentiometer as measured by
Wheatstone bridge is 3700 . If it is possible to measure a minimum value of 5 resistances
with the above arrangement, determine the resolution of potentiometer in mm.
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(c) Discuss how the d.c. calibration of a dynamometer wattmeter is done by comparison with
standard wattmeter.
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10. (a) What is meant by phantom or fictitious loading of energy meters?
An a.c. energy meter is tested for half hour run at a supply voltage of 230 V with a current of
12 Amps. at 0.8 p.f. lag. The dial reading at the beginning of test was 58.5 and at the end was
59.5. The meter constant is 1200 revolutions per kWH. The meter revolutions registered
during the test were 1150. Find out
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(i) error in registration and
(ii) error in r.p.m. of energy meter.
How error in r.p.m. can be rectified?
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(b) Explain the working of binary ladder digital to analog converter using R-2R ladder network
with four input voltages.
If in the above DAC a reference voltage of 12 V is used, what will be its resolution and full
scale output?
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(c) The inductance of a moving iron instrument is given by L = (0.01 + k1)2 H
where is angular deflection in radians from zero position. The angular deflection in radians
corresponding to currents of 1.5 and 4.S Amps. are /6 and /3 respectively. Find the value
of k.
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