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STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME (SLO)
Describe the key concepts
and principles related to Identify and apply
mechanical science to concepts of work, energy
solve mathematical and and power to the
non-mathematical solutions of problems.
problems.
Define and differentiate Describe general
the concept of heat and operation and perform
temperature, and calculations involving
differentiate the types of simple machines
transfer of heat energy.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Definitions of Static and Dynamic Systems
CHAPTER 2: Statics
CHAPTER 3: Motion 1 – Motion Along a Straight Line Displacement, velocity and
acceleration
CHAPTER 4: Force and Moment
CHAPTER 5: Motion 2 (One and Two Dimensions) and Rotational Motion Distance and
displacement
CHAPTER 6: Work, Power and Energy
CHAPTER 7: Temperature and Heat
CHAPTER 8: Machines
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CHAPTER OUTLINE
1. SI UNITS
2. MASS AND WEIGHT
3. DISPLACEMENT
4. VELOCITY
5. ACCELERATION
6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
7. FORCE AND MOMENT OF FORCE
8. WORK AND POWER
1. UNDERSTANDING THE SI UNITS
Table 1.1 Units for three base quantities
Quantity Unit Name Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Time Second s
Mass kilogram kg
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1. UNDERSTANDING THE SI UNITS
Use scientific notation to express very large or small numbers
Example; 3,560,000,000 m = 3.56 x 109 m
0.000 000 492 s = 4.92 x 10-7 s
Chain-link conversion – multiply the original measurement by a conversion factor.
Ex; 5 min = (5 min) 60s = 300 s
1 min
2. MASS AND WEIGHT
Table 1.2 Distinguishing between mass and weight
Quantity Symbol Unit Comment
Mass m Kg This does not vary from place to
place
Weight mg N This is a force – it depends on the
strength of gravity
W = mg
3. DISPLACEMENT
Change from position X1 to position X2 is called as a displacement, ∆X = X2 – X1
X1 = 5m, X2 = 12m
∆X = (12m) – (5m) = + 7m – Positive value indicates the motion is in positive
direction and has a magnitude of 7m
X1 = 5m, X2 = 1m
∆X = (1m) – (5m) = - 4m – Negative value indicates the motion is in negative
direction and has a magnitude of 4m
Displacement is an example of a vector quantity
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4. VELOCITY
Average velocity, vavg describes how fast a particles moves which is the displacement ∆X
that occurs during a particular time interval ∆t.
Unit for velocity is the meter per second (m/s)
vavg = ∆X = x2 – x1
∆t t2 – t1
Vector quantity
Average speed, savg involves the total distance covered, independent of direction; that
is,
Savg = total distance
∆t
Speed is the magnitude of velocity
5. ACCELERATION
When a particle’s velocity changes, the particle is said to undergo acceleration
Aavg = v2 – v1 = ∆v
t2 – t1 ∆t
Unit of acceleration is the meter per second per second or m/s2
Vector quantity
Positive acceleration means that the speed of an object is increasing and negative
acceleration means that the speed is decreasing (the object is decelerating)
6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
Scalar Description Symbol Vector Description Symbol
Distance Is the total path length X or d Displacement - Is the distance measured in a S
travelled from one location straight line (linear distance) and
to another in a specified direction
- It is a vector quantity and its SI
unit is meter (m)
Speed - Is the rate of change of v Velocity - Is the rate of change of v
distance or distance moved displacement or the displacement
per unit time of an object per unit time
- It is a scalar quantity and - It is a vector quantity and its SI
its SI unit is m/s unit is m/s
Vector Description Symbol
Acceleration - Is the rate of change in velocity a
- It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is m/s²
- Deceleration is measured as negative acceleration
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6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
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6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
6. MOTION ALONG STRAIGHT LINE
7. FORCE AND MOMENT OF A FORCE
Force, is a push or a pull
Characteristics of a force:
Strength or magnitude of the force
Direction of the force, pushing or pulling
Vector quantity
F = ma relates acceleration, net force and mass
Moment of a force depends on:
Magnitude of the force
Perpendicular distance of the force from the pivot
Force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of the force
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8. WORK AND POWER
Work is a way of transferring energy from one object to another
Two factors involved:
Force size, F
Distance, s
The bigger the force and the further it moves, the greater the amount of work is
done
Work done by a constant force given by
W = F x s
W = F cos θ s = Fs cos θ
F : magnitude of force; such as gravitational force, applied force, net force and etc.
s : displacement of the body
θ : the angle between Fnet and s
8. WORK AND POWER
Power, P is the rate of performing the work
Power = work done or P = W
time taken t
Scalar quantity and its SI unit is Watt (W) or joule per second (J s-1)
8. WORK AND POWER
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8. WORK AND POWER
THANK YOU!
