ALIES HE COURSEBOOK wt 1201637 DAVID COTTON | DAVID FALVEY | SIMON KENTCeo ‘Question forms, subject & object questions (1.2) Present simple & present continous (1-3) Past simple @.1) Present perfect simple & past simple 2.3) Present perect continuous (3.2) Present perfect simple and continous (3.3) Future forms: wl, going 1, present continuous (8.2) Fist conditional (4.3) Second conditional (5.2) Comparison, emphasising difference & similarity (5.3) Nore ty Personality adjectives (1.1) Prefixes (1.3) Symbols & abbreviations; linkers a3) Travel expressions 2.1) Phrasal verbs 12.2) Words fom the reading (2.3) Time linkers 2.5) Work adjectives; dependent prepositions (3.1) Expressions connacte with time work 3.2) Language learning (4.1) Phrasal vetbs 2 (4.1) British & American money idioms 42) Language sivle; communication & register 4.3) Percentages & fractions; linkers 3) Advertsing adjectives (5.1) Words with simile meaning connected to ‘change’ 6.2) Word combinations (5.3) Essay expressions (5.5) Education & studying (6.1) Encyclopedia entry about extrovert & introvers Making, connections (1) Article about method acting Reacting to a text (1.2) Aicle about charisma Identifying top sentences 13) : Article about travel & tourism 2.1) ticles about famous explores: evaluating & justifying 22) Aticle about Wilfred Thesi reacting tothe top; extract fom Arabian Sands (2.3) Adverts for jobs; ranking & justiving choices @.1) Article about homeworking: evaluating advantages & disadvantages 3.2) Blog comments about ‘work placements inferring opinion (3.3 Advert for language course; evaluating the success ofa text (4.1) Idontiying genres; thee texts ‘about English & Chinese (42) Identifying main ideas; article about avoiding mistakes online 3) Aticle about advertising: infec ‘opinion (5-1) For & Against article about ‘manipulating images, evaluating arguments; text reference (5.2) [Newspaper atcle about advertising to children; responding tothe topic 6.3) Online discussion about single-sex schools 6.1) Article about Maria Wontessor; ‘evaluating a summary (62) [Newspaper editorial abou ree University education; challenging, opinions (6.3)| Listening | 8 Conversation about ‘ppearance & personality 4 adi interview witha peychologist (1.2) sstions & answers about olin abroad: inferting, stitude 2.1) erview about the nivesities Explorers Programme (2.3) People talking about omeworking 3.2) Radio interview with thee students about their wor. facoments (3.3) esaton with a ers counselor; people stking about CVs (3.5) rnversaton between two sudents (4.2) view with an expert 2 communication (4.3) People talking about vers 6.1) nversation about signing a website (5.2) ‘extract fom a lecture citicl thinking 6.5) ent describing a (6.1) le talking about their versity experience (6.3) Speakin [commenti Discussing personalities; Word stress (1.1) Discussing personality tats a2) Discussing charisma (1.3) Compiling a fist of travel tips 2.1) ed endings; talking about past fe evens (2.2) Contractions; choosing suitable jobs (2.3) Discussing jobs (3.1) Discussing wha is iempodant ina job (3.1) Discussing ideal working hours (3.2) Discussing wo placements 82) Correcting politely (3.2) Discussing language sues ay Debate about British and American English 4.2) [Compiling alist of Dos [& Don'ts for ealine communication (4.2) Talking about adverts (5.1) Choosing photos for adverts 6.) Discussing cosmetic surgery 6.2) Group discussion compating the benefits of dtferent quad bikes (5.3) Discussing education (6.1) Timed discussion about educational issues (6.2) Describing & comping slifere educational syste 6.3) Scenario Key language: giving ‘opinions, arecing & disagreeing, making suggestions “Task: choosing a new team member Scenario: choosing a new member Key language: discussing advantages & dsadvaniages, making suggestions Task organising a sudy tip Scenario: dscussing sues of past study ps ane planning, ‘mere succes one Key language: asking questions, giving answers “Taste taking part in an imerview Seenari conducting and participating in an Key language: accepting & rejecting ideas, considering consequences Task: selecting an English language programme Sconafo: discussing proposals and choosing the best one key language: the language of presentations Task: giving a formal presentation Scenario: brainstorming for an advertising campaign and selecting the mast ccctve one Key language: discussing ‘options ‘Task: problem-solving Scenario: looking a problems ata unversty land finding solutions ‘Writing questions (1.2) ‘Study skills: Taking notes while reading Writing kills: for and pains: essay Writing vavel tips (2.1) Study skills: Taking notes while listening Wting sills A biographical profile ‘Wing a job advert (3.1) ‘Study sil: Organising ideas and paragraphs writing skills: Covering leer & Curriculum Vitae cw Study sil: Describing charts & tables tng skills: A report escrbing a chart, Study skills: Critical thinking Writing sil: An opinion: led essay; planning your essay ‘writing your opinion ‘online (6.1) Describing a teacher (6.2) Study sil: Reaging Srategies: predicting, skimming, scanning infersing tng kills: Formal correspondence, correspondence convestions ‘Meet the expert an inwerview with Michael Gould, professional actor, about method acting (1.2) a Study skills videos making notes while listening toa talk about Thor Heyerdahl 25) Mees the expert an interview vith Caroline Mathews, our er internship la theinsurance indy 8.3) G Meet the expert interview ‘with Henry Hitchings, author of Language Wers, about English as a global language 4.2) an Meet the exper: interview with Vena Ratle about the work ofthe UK Advertsing Standards Authority (5.3) A ‘Meet the exper: interview with Rob Gueterbock, 2 ‘Montessori teacher, about the Montessori method of ‘education 16.2 beil CONTENTS Cer ‘Modals (necessity & obligation) (72) Modal present deduction) (7.3) Past continuous (8.2), Past perfect simple “The passive (9.2) Axticles 3) Expressions of quantiy (10.2) Infitives& sng forms (10.3) Reported speech (11.2) Reported questions (11.3) Thied conditional (12.2) ‘Modals (past deduction) (12.3) Word building: design adjectives a Materials, shapes & texture; abstract nouns (7.2) Words from the reading (7.3) Linkers (7.5) ‘Busines terme & roles (3.2) Collocations 2: business (8.3) Words from the reading (9.1) Collocations 3 9.1) Hazards and global teats (9.2) Expressions for managing a discussion (9.5) Phrasal verbs 3 (10.1) Fashion (10.2) Deserbing trends (10.5) Describing books ane films; media genre (11-1), ‘Words connected with the ars(11.2) Expressions fora presentation (11.5) Crime 112.1) Collocatons 4 (12.2) Introduction fom a design beak reacting to the text (7.1) “Three aticles about design period's justiving opinions 7.2) Aaticle about Alessi dentiying ‘main ideas 7.3 Lele for new businesses (8.1 Arfcle abou business ilemenas 8.2) Obituaries of business cons; Identivng siaites & differences (8.3) Leaflet about women & engineering: identiying genre 9.1) Atcle about asteroids; Identifying facts (92) Thyee articles about superstructure; identifying problems (9.3) Article about the tipping point reilecting on te topic (10.1) Anicle about cultural influences on fashion; identifying examples (102) Article about paying for music reacting to the text (103) Reviews; inferring the pinion (11.1) Article about media recluses (1.2) Interview with Rageh Omar Identifying topies (11.3) Article about stupid criminals; Infercing emotions (12.1) Article about the psychology of crime (12.2) ‘News reporton a cbbery in Sweden looking at genre (12.3) Language reference (p126-149)_ | Meetthe Expert (150-154) | Communication Actes (p155-163) Audioscripts (p164-175)Conversation between 10 designers 7.2) Conversations ata design seu (73) Conversation with a lecturer about written work Radio inteview with business advisor summarising (8.1) ‘onversation about a wsiness idea (8.1 Sao interview with 2 nan engineer (9.1) ussion benween| sineer students (25), cesation between a ger and a shop sant (10.2) mesic habits 103) Sess talking about ular learning 10.5) s(114) tion about a job (113 Seng about thle me comparing & rasting (12.2 abouta sf lecture on curity; an exact king about ther * ecratetos) Word stress talking about ‘he design of everylay objects 7.1) Designing 2 new product 72) Talking about r-designing an object (73) Planning a new business is Reacting tothe topic discussing business dilemmas; weak forms 182) Talking about successful people (8.3) Discussing engineering achievements (9.1) Ranking global threats (9.2) Talking about Superstructures; weak forms; debate about supersractures (0.2) “Talking about trends (10.1) Talking about fashion 102) Discussing paying for downloads: numbers 10.) Describing a favourite book or fil (11.1) Discussing the ans and Ccelexities; justiying ‘opinions (1.2) Giving a witness ceport ‘fan imaginary news event (11.3) Discussing the senousness (of crimes (12.1) Discussing controversial statements (12.2), Solving a crime (23) i) key language: describing ‘qualities “Task: evaluating designs Scenario: judging products to choose the winning, design Key language: the language of negotiation Task: negotiating Scenario: negotiating to fet the best cel Key language: discussing ‘options, making decisions Taske assessing a project Seenaro: deciding on a Mega Project Key language: raising & responding io sues Tasle participating in a meeting ‘Scenario: discussing problems andl winning oltions Key language: comparing & contrasting “Task choosing film 0 produce Scenario: Weighing up the options to reach a rou decision ay language: reaching a decision Tasle discussing cour Scenario: Looking at cour, ‘ase and ageing on verdicts Rea Video Decrbingatavourte | Matte bxperan abject) kr th ra evel ‘Study skills: Proofreading, Sot ees Wetingskl A product | SES erent designs 7.2) Descrbing.a memorable | Meet the Expert an even ien Intervet Teresa Le ‘tidy sil: Recogoking | about he Vietnamese formal &inormal | food busines langage; begining & | sheet ia ering conespondence | London 1) Weng sls ermal & Informal corespondence Writing about the greatet_| Study skills video engineering achievement | participating in a group an discussion (3.5) Say skills: Participating ina group discussion understanding body language Weting sills: Describing a process using the passive Describing arecent trend | Meet the Exoert: an con Interview with Cate Totes, Sway skills; Recording & | 2 ends consulant, about earn peasy how understanding trends ‘ean help a Waiting skills: Describing sata rend; avoiding toe OY repetition Weiing an online review | Study skills vide: any Language reference and extra practice pages 126-127 7a Look at these sentences and choose the correct answer. 1 Dr Partridge regularly gives / is regularly giving talks about personality. 2. The professor interviews / is interviewing a candidate at the moment and can’t come to the phone. 3. The number of companies using, personality tests grows /is growing. 4 Ido lots of diferent research, but today f carry out /1’m carrying out research into the personalities of twins. 5 He drives / is driving to work every day. 6 People become / are becoming very interested in how personalities develop over time. 7 psychologist studies / is studying the way people's minds work. The doctor's practice is /is being in Harley Street, 9 Lread / am reading an interesting book on psychology at the moment. 10 The survey found that most people feel that modern life becomes / is becoming more difficult. 7b Match the sentences in Exercise 7a with the uses in Exercise 6b. 8a Use the following prompts to write questions in ‘the present simple or present continuous. make friends / easily? what / usually / do / weekend? what / read / at the moment? ‘enjoy /art and music? prefer / extroverts or introverts? work /on any new projects now? do/ anything interesting / at the moment? lose temper / easily? 8b With a partner, add two more questions and then take turns to ask and answer the questions. Tell the class one interesting fact about your partner. "SITUATION 1 Read the situation below. What problems might the new assistant have working for two bosses? Sydney GKNX, an Australian company, has a small office in Sydney which sels television and radio programmes. The office staft consist of Chris Morton ttelevision), Jodie Walker (radio) and two secretaries Georgia and Debbie. The office needs a new assistant who will work for both Chris and Jodie. 2a HEED Listen to Chris and Jodie talking. What is the ‘main problem they must solve? Did you think of it in Exercise 1? 2b Listen again and note the good and bad points about Chris and Jodie’s personalities. Compare your answers with a partner. Sa ee 5 = . ambitious sociable GIVING OPINIONS, AGREEING AND DISAGREEING, MAKING SUGGESTIONS 3a Listen again and complete the extracts. 1 CHRIS: It’s not our fault, is it? JODIE: | suppose we are dificult at times, 2 CHRIS: Mmm, , Ido have a bad temper at times, 3° CHRIS; That's the kind of persan I want to employ here. JODIE: Sorry, | with you about Barbara , she was a really hard worker. JODIE: Louise was jealous of my relationship with Georgia, CHRIS: | 5 JODIE: Why don’t we go for a man this time? CHRIS: No, that’s 6 CHRIS: We want someone, male or female, who'll fitin here. 1___ we contact the agency again. JODIE: OK, you phoning them this time? I'm really busy, 3b Look at the words and phrases you put in the gaps in Exercise 3a. In each case was the speaker: a givingan opinion? b agreeing? a disagreeing? suggesting? 3c Look at Audio script 1.4 on page 164. Work with a partner to find other examples of the language functions in Exercise 3b.4 Chris and Jodie send an email to Recruitment Associates, an employment agency in Sydney. Read this extract from the email and answer the questions. 1. Discuss the qualities that Chris and Jodie are looking for. Are some of the qualities more important than others? so, what are they? 2 What other qualities, not mentioned in the email, do you think the assistant needs? From Chris Smith @myzemails.au 1 To enquiry@Recruitment Associates au We are looking for someone who is: * lively and sociable; able to get on with mer and wornen * mature, open-minded, not over-sensitive. + self-confident, with a strong personality. * hard-working: oble to work under pressure. * flexible and with a good sense of humour. # very smarly dressed. # man or woman, any nationality. You know us both well and you have the job description. Please note what we say above, but also use your own ludgement to find a suitable candidate for us. Best wishes Chris ond Jodie PERSONALITY CLASH TASK CHOOSING A NEW TEAM MEMBER 5a Work with a partner. You work for Recruitment Associates. You are going to choose a suitable candidate for the job. Student A: read the profiles of Elayne and Daniela below. ‘Student B: read the profiles of Rashid and Mitsuo on page 159, Underline the good points of your candidates and put a ‘cross against the bad points. 5b Share information about the personalities of the candidates you studied. Discuss the good and bad points of each one. 5c Rank the candidates in order of suitability (1 = most suitable, 4 = least suitable). 6 Asa class, choose the best candidate to be Cl Jodie’s new assistant. and amily (two older brothers, three sisters). Smies alot, | nas. sunmy personalty. Spaaksina § | loud woice. Very self-confident, Maybe EI ovrcefnt? : 5 Your three best qualities? extrovert, energetic cooperative - willing to do any task, even it’s boring Your worst quality? | am strong-willed and cor‘ ike to be crticised! ‘Your ideal boss? Someane who gives I know what to do: hy choose he? ‘Tm popular wherever | work becs ever-tempered and reliable: ‘Doesn't smoke. Thinks smoking should notbe alowedin ary place of entertainment, 2g café, bar or sports ground Interests: basketball hiking and dancing (rock and jive Interested in fashion. Dressed in a smart business suit for Da aa instructions, 30 ise tm Poincare aie | An only cid. Confident and sensbl Agood sense of humour Laughs Io Speaks English with ston Recruitment Your three best quatties? response, open minded, flexible! Your worst quality? 1 can be moody at times Your ideal boss? Someone who lets you do your duties your own way anc doesnt interfere too much Why choose her? don't need a bass to tell me what to do allthe time. |can work independently end under pressure: ‘Smokes alot. Life-long vegetarian, Has strong views about eoale who eat me Interests reading, cinema, going to restaure Dressed casually in a whit it with friends jumper and black skirtD WRITING SKILLS. 14 STUDY SKILLS MAKING NOTES WHILE READING 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following. 1 When do you need to make notes? 2 What techniques do you use when you make notes? 3 Which sources do you trust more when reading ~ books or online sources? 2a Read the essay below. Which statements in the essay do you disagree with? 2b Note-taking Read the essay again and complete the notes. Use one or two words in each gap. PARAGRAPH 2 NOTES * womt spatient and to others on the © road kike? and! | © stays im situations | ese age | ©. cautious | eee | earns 1 less likely to ™ | tee Won sar alter deine’ | J Are women better drivers than men? 11 Some people believe that women are better drivers than men, HOWEVER others think that ‘women make worse drivers. In one survey ‘of 3,000 male drivers in the UK, most felt they were better drivers than the women in ‘their lives. The idea that women make worse greater / more than better than 4< | Temale/woman 5 og € smaller /less than 6G | £ isnotequal to/ the opposite 79 g that is/ this means 85 “hh and 95 i is the same as / equals 10 j forexample 11 ie. k. plus/in edition to 2» I therefore 3b Look again at the notes in Exercise 2 and change ‘them using some of the above symbols and abbreviations. A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY 4 Look again at the essay Are women better drivers than men? Match ideas a-d with each paragraph. a conclusion b arguments for © introduce the topic 4 arguments against state the proposition STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS 5a Linkers Look at the Highlight€d phrases in the text. Decide which of them are used to do the following. 1 istadd points 3. show contrast 2. introduce examples 4 _ introduce a conclusion, 5b Look at the structures that are used with the linkers for contrast. Which linkers need a new sentence? Which linkers always need two clauses? Ga Combine these two sentences using the five phrases for showing contrast in Exercise 5a. He is patient and careful at work. He is impatient and aggressive when he drives. He is patient and careiul at work. However, he is impatient and aggressive when he drives, Gb Complete the sentences in an appropriate way. 1 He was slow and often late for work. However, .. 2 Although the twins looked the same, 3° Despite the fact that he was shy, 4 Children find learning languages easy. Adults, on the other hand, . 7a Work in groups. Choose an essay title from the following. Are men’women better than women/men’ managers politicians teachers doctors lawyers 7b In your groups, brainstorm the qualities you think you need to do the jobs. 7c Look at the statements 1-13 below and do the following tasks. @ Decide which of the statements below apply more to men and which to women, b Add two more statements of your own. € Select some to include in your essay. Remember to have some to show the other side of the argument. d Think of examples to support the statements you have included 1 are good at listening. 2 find it easier to deal with people. 3 have more authority 4 are more sympathetic to others. 5 ___ are better organisers 6 pay more attention to detail 7 stay calm in stressful situations. & are good at geiting the best out of people. 9 are energetic and enthusiastic 0 work better in a single-sex team. 1" are hetter at public speaking, 12 are more inspiring. B take decisions quickly 8 Write your essay. Use the structure of the essay on the left as a model. You can have a neutral conclusion. Ya Read your partner's essay and take notes. 9b Tell another student about your partner's essay.Travel GRAMMAR seca ee etn VOCABULARY ENARIO ussing advantages and antages, makin eres nising a study tp Reretey NYT Nee aItey See NING AND VOCABULA TRAVEL EXPRESSIONS. a Complete the questions with the words in the box. destinations travel package home journey abroad trip ‘What's the furthest you have travelled from home? Have you ever been___? Where did you go to? Have you ever been on a business 2 Where to? Do you like holidays where everything is arranged for yout Why2/Why not? ‘What is the longest you have been on? What are the most popular for people from your country? 7 Doyou think that Whyt/Why not? Rene broadens the mind Th In pars or small groups, ask each other the questions. isten to Nadia, a Swedish student who has travelled a lot. Tick (v) the questions in Exercise 1a which she answers. 2b Listen again and make notes on her answers to the questions in Exercise ta. Are they similar to your answers? 16 2.1 TOURISM AND TRAVELLING. er, but a fool worse. Thomas Fu oF 1608-166 historian 3a Complete the reasons for travelling with the words n the box. Look at Audio script 2.1 on pages 164-165 and check your answers. broaden experience meet learn (x2) see study escape _ earn explore find get become (x2) do People travel in order to ... 1 get_ away from it all 2 ____ new sights. 3 new places. 4 new people. 5 different cultures, 6 new skills 7 voluntary work. 8 more self-confident. 9 a new language 0 money n themselves. 2 more independent. 3 their horizons. 14 for qualifications abroad, 5 poverty 3b Ine tude Listen again. How do you think Nadia feels about the different reasons for travel” Is she positive (+), negative (-) or neutral (+/~) about each one? 1 get away from it all +/— 3c Work with a partner. How important are the different reasons, do you think? Why? Can you add any others?4 Work with a partner to discuss the following. 1 What's the difference between a tourist and a traveller? 2 How much of your own country have you visited? 3 Is it possible to travel without leaving home? 5a Read the article quickly and choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. (There are two extra headings.) Virtual tourism Tourist or traveller? Most popular destinations Holiday at home Holiday problems 5b Read the article again and answer the questions. 1. How is a traveller different from a tourist? Give three examples. How did tourism start? ‘What does the text say about people who live in large countries? 4 What is an ‘armchair traveller? 5 How has television affected attitudes to travel? 6 Haw might travel change or develop in the future? 7 Do you agtee that travel is no longer necessary? TCU RAVEL AND TOURISM TOURISM AND TRAVELLING SPEAKING AND WRITING 6 What are the most interesting places you have visited in your own country and abroad? Where else would you like to visit? 7 Complete these travel tips with the words in the box. accommodation be customs documents find out vaccinations insurance read respect take 1 ____ about local laws and customs. 2 aware of people acting suspiciously. 3 Obtain comprehensive travel 4 Check what and healthcare you need. 5 Make copies of __, eg. tickets, passport, insurance policy, and leave one copy at home. enough money. about local tricks used on tourists Never carry packages through for others. local cress codes; think about what you wear. Stay in locally-owned and try to eat in locally-owned restaurants. 8 Work with a partner. Think of as many travel tips for someone visiting or coming to live/work in your country as you can, and write the five most important. Getting away from it all? 1 What’ the difference between travel and tourism? Well, being a traveller is more than just being a holidaymaker. A holiday is ust a short time away, and it normally involves relaxation, Tourists stay in holiday resorts, not travellers. Travellers go for the experience, and their journeys are usually much longer and more challenging. For example, travellers tend to avoid tourist traps and like to go off the beaten track to discover new places. Travel is an age-old phenomenon, but tourism is a relatively recent invention. Thomas Cook is often described as the first travel agerit because he arranged the first ‘package tour’: a 19-kilometre trip for $00 people, in 1841 2 saa es Going overseas in order to experience a different ‘way of life is what many people think of as travel, but travel does not necessarily mean going abroad. How many people can say they have visited every part of th country?” ‘How many people can 3 say they have visited every part of their own country? Many people who live in vast countries such as Russia and the USA have only visited a small part of their own country, and so domestic travel is also very exciting, Its a surprising fact that about 75 percent of US citizens do not own ‘a passport, so travelling does not mean. leaving the country for them. Some people can’t travel or don’t like the physical reality of travelling to faraway Gestinations. These days itis easy to be an ‘armchair traveller’. People can visit distant comers of the world or even little known parts of their own country without leaving their living rooms by using Google Earth. Television documentaries and the internet make the world a small place, and some people argue that travel is no longer necessary. Many people already use interactive computer programmes, and virtual travel will become increasingly common. Enthusiasts argue that by doing this we will have all the benefits of travel without the inconvenience. ‘own Paces18 EXPLORERS READING 1 What do you know about the people in the pictures? Who are they? What did they do? 2a Work in groups of three. Read about one explorer each and complete the chart for that explorer. 2b In your groups, summarise the key facts so that others in your group can complete the chart. ‘Tereshikova “bn Bates Cousteau Length of journey Ibn Battuta early traveller, was an Islamic scholar and was an explorer known for his extensive travels. He set out, aged 21, on a hail of pilgrimage to Mecca, He travelled more than 75,000 miles and over a period of 30 Years he travelled through most of the_slemic world, He Visited all the Arab lands and stopped aff in Spain, Russia ‘and Turkey. He carried on to india before he got to China i Battuta was bom in Tangier, Moraccoin 1304. He When he got back to his native city, he ictated an accountof his journeys to itn Juzayy and called ithe ‘hia, or The Journey. He was called the traveller of the age’ ands now considered one of the greatest travelles of all ime. He died in 1369, The Ibn Gettuta Mall n Dubay, U ‘was inspted by his travels and a film about him called Journey to Mecca came outin 2009, 2c According to the texts, which explorer: became interested in the sea at an early age? studied his religion? had a name related to a seabird? went on a holy journey? received an important award? had a relationship with someone who did the same job? told his stories about his journeys in a book? cated for the environment? 2d Evaluating and justifying Which of these explorers do you think achieved the most? Think of three reasons to justify your opi VOCABULARY PHRASAL VERBS (1) 3a Look at these eight phrasal verbs. Which six verbs are in the texts? Find and underline them. break down set out get back carry on stop off checkin lift off look around Jacques Cousteau underwater explorer environmentalist and inventor. He was born in France in 1910, When he was young, he became fascinated by the sea, machines ard film-making, J acques Cousteau was a French undersea explorer, Inthe French navy, Cousteau began exploring underwater erdworked on a special breathing machine which allowed civers to stay underwater for several hours, This gave them time to really ook around under the ocean. In 1943, he and engineer Emile Gagnan invented the aqualung ~ the very first scuba diving equipment. In 1948, Cousteau began traveling the world's oceans inhi research ship Calypso. Cousteau produced many films and books about his underwater adventures, including the TV series The Undersea World of Jacques: Cousteau, which introduced the publicto the world of sharks, whales, dolphins, treasure and coral reefs. Cousteau started the Cousteau Society to protect ‘ocean life. In 1989, he received a great honour: he was madeamember of the French Academy. Finally, efter @ {ong and varied life, Cousteau diad on 25 June 1997.3b Match the phrasal verbs in Exercise 3a with their ‘meanings below. 1 starthbegin a journey 2 make a short visit to a place while you are going somewhere else return explore continue rise into the air {0 to the desk at an airpor or hotel stop working 3c Complete the text with the phrasal verbs in the correct form. We'____ very early, before dawn, and drove south. We? __ ata service station for petrol and a coffee, After this we *__ driving for another three hours. There were a lot of delays and hold-ups. We finally arrived at the aircraft museum at2 p.m, and‘ the ‘main sights. We didn’t®____until midnight. t was a very tiring day. Valentina Tereshkova space pioneer aircraft before she jumped out ofthe spacecraft Vostok, This unusual hobby led toner selection for astronaut trening ard her achievement of becoming the first woman in space. Tereshkova was born on 6 March 1937, in westem Russia. Asa teenager she worked ina textle plant and took up patechutinginFer spere time \Winen Tereshkova was selected forthe Soviet space programme in 1962 because of her parachuting sls, she Became the first retuit without experience as o test plot. Tetestkova was chosen tobe the plot ofthe Vostok 6 mission. The pilots called her Chaka, Russian for seagut The spacecraft lifted of from Tyuratem Launch Centre ‘on 16 June 1963. tt re-entered the Earth's atmosphere 90 19 June and Tereshkova parachuted to the ground, Lending nea Kazakhstan in central Asi. On 3 November 1963, Tereshkove mariedancther cosmonaut. They had 2 daughter Elena—the frst child born to parents wha both went into space. Ve Tereshkove parachuted out ef over 125 EXPLORERS | GRAMMAR PAST SIMPLE 4 Underline all the past simple verbs in the three texts. Which are regular and which are irregular? 5 Which two statements about the past simple are not true? 1 We use the past simple for finished actions that are in the past. 2 We use the past simple with the following time expressions: never, all my live, ever, yet. 3. We oiten say the exact time of the action. 4 We use time expressions like: yesterday, last week, jn 1999, ago, when | was young. 5 We use did/clin’t + the infinitive in questions and negatives, 6 We normally use clid and dlicin’t with the verb be. Language reference and extra practice pages 128-129 PRONUNCIATION 6a [EBM -ed endings Listen to the sentences containing these verbs. Do the verbs end in the sounds Ads, Mf or Ads? travelled worked visited invented lifted stopped produced 6b Listen again and practise saying the words 7 Complete the facts below with the past simple of the verbs in the box. Photograph lead hit study pilot die fly 2) sail “bring explore find discover not return 1 Louise Boyd (1887-1972) and the Arctic Ocean. She also___over the North Pole. 2. Ferdinand Magellan____the first expedition that __around the Earth, between 1519 and 1522. 3. Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) potatoes and tobacco from America to Europe 4 When ___Ranulph Fiennes __the legendary Lost City of Ubor in the desert of Oman? 5 Vasco da Gama in India in 1524. He an ocean route from Portugal to the East. 6 Alan Shepard __ America’s first manned space mmission. He briefly into space on 5 May 1961 |ma later mission he ____goff balls on the Moon. 7 Ibn Battuta to his home town, Tangier, for many years. 8 When he was young, Ibn Battuta Islamic laws. SPEAKING 8 Write down the dates or years of six important events in your past. Give your list to a partner, Ask each other questions to find out what the dates represent. 2001 Did you start primary schoo! then? 19_THE EMPTY QUARTER READING 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following. 1 Make a list of six words you associate with deserts Compare your list with another pair. 2 What might attract people to life in a desert? Explorer of the ‘Empty Quarter’ | Wilfred Thesiger was one of the greatest explorers and travel writers of the 20th century. He died in 2003. His books, which describe his journeys in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, have won many literary prizes. His best known book is Arabian Sands, which is about ‘two journeys through Arabia. People have praised his description in the book of the ‘Empty Quarter’, a vast, waterless desert stretching between Saudi Arabia, Yernen and Oman. He spent five years travelling in the ‘Empty Quarter’, often accompanied by the Bedu, the fierce tribespeople living in the area. 2 Thesiger fel in love with the desert. He enjoyed the ‘sense of space, the silence, and the crisp clearness of the sand’. It was a place where he found peace and friendship. He also learned to love the Bedu, and they learned to respect him. He shot lions to protect his companions, and he became a competent amateur doctor. He chose the ‘Empty Quarter’ for is journeys because it was ‘one of the very few places where I could satisfy an urge to go where others had not been’. 20 2a Read the article about the explorer Wilfred Thesiger. What attracted him to life in a desert? 2b Underline the parts of the article which tell you: 1 that Thesiger was well-known in the 20th century. 2 that his books were popular 3 that it was difficult to travel in the ‘Empty Quarter’ 4 who the Bedu were 5 _ what kind of relationship Thesiger had with the Bedu. 3 Read an extract from Arabian Sands. Are these statements true or false? 1 The camels began to rest at sunset. 2 Thesiger was happy because he thought the difficult journey was over. The most difficult journey was the one for the next day. 4 When the travellers stopped the first time, they were near the Urug al Shaiba, 5 The Uruq al Shaiba are bigger and higher than the Himalayas, 1 To rest the camels we stopped for four hours in the late afternoon on a long gentle slope which stretched down toanother salt-flat. There was no vegetation on itand no salt-bushes bordered the plain below us. Al Auf. announced that we would go on again at sunset, While ‘we were feeding I said to him cheecfully, ‘Anyway the worst should be over now that we are across the Urugaal Shaiba.’ He looked at me for a moment and then answered, ‘f'we go well tonight we should reach them tomorrow.’ I said, ‘Reach what?” and he replied, “The Urug al Shaiba, Did you think what we crossed today was the Urug al Shaiba? Thar was only a dune. ‘You will see them tomorrow.’ Fora moment [thought he was joking, and then I realised that he was serious, that the worst ofthe journey which I had thought was behind us was stil ahead. 2 Tewas midnight when at last al Auf said, Let stop here. ‘We will gt some sleep and give the camels a rest. The {Urug al Shaiba are not far away now In my dreams that night they towered above us higher than the Himalayas. 4 Find words in the texts that mean the following, said good things about something (article, para 1) extremely large (article, para 1) looking very aggressive or violent (article, para 1) have a good opinion of (article, para 2) a strong wish (article, para 2) formed the edge of (extract, para 1) a hill of sand (extract, para 1) Reacting to the topic In groups, discuss the following. ‘Are you interested in travel writing? Have you ever read a travel book about a) your own’ country and b) a country you would like to visit? 3 Is it more interesting to read about ‘exotic’ places and people or ordinary places and people? PSE Gn kciien le sieyiopLISTENING 6a You are going to listen to Martin Wells being interviewed for a magazine and he mentions the ‘following places. Match the places with the photos. Do you know which countries they are in? 1. the Amazon River Basin 2 the ice-cut fjords of the South Island 3. the Himalayas 4° Hoi Anh 6b HEEB Listen to the first part of the interview and check your answers. Ta Listen to the second part of the interview. Take notes under the following headings. 1 The Salween River 2 Difficulties and dafigers of the journey 3 What Martin learnt from the travel experience 7b Work with a partner and compare your notes. Correct or add to them if necessary. Then check the accuracy of ‘your notes by looking at Audio script 2.4 on page 165. PRONUNCIATION 8a Contractions Listen to the sentences and underline what the speaker says. 1. I just retumed / I've just returned from the forests. Thad ! ve had the most amazing year. Last year in January, ! won / I've won a scholarship. Then {raised / I’ve raised a large sum of money. And then I started / 1've started travelling. I climbed | I've climbed the Himalayas in Nepal. 8b Listen again and repeat the sentences. GRAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE 9a Choose the correct tense in these sentences. ve never driven | | didn’t drive before. Left / have left school when I was 16. | already visited / have already visited a foreign country. L finished / haven't finished my university studies yet. ‘ve known I know my bestfriend for the last ten years. ve never been {I never went on a plane. 9b Complete the rules with present perfect or past simple. 1 Weuse the ___to talk about finished actions in a time period that continues up to now (with time expressions such as this week, for the last five years). 2 Weuse the __ to talk about finished actions at 2 specific past time (with time expressions such as yesterday, last year, in 1999, when I was 9). 3 Weuse the to talk about experiences in our lives, but we don’t say when they happened (with adverbs such as never, ever, already, yeth 10a Underline the sentences in Audio script 2.5 on page 165 that contain already and yet. Answer the questions. 1 Which adverb do we use in negative sentencest 2 Does already come before or aiter the main verb? 3 Where does yet come in the sentence? \ Language reference and extra practice pages 128-129 10b Look at the sentences below. Each has a mistake with an adverb or time expression. Replace the wrong word/phrase with words from the box. already before never this week yet 1 Martin has yet climbed Mont Blanc twice. We've interviewed five people for this expedition so far last week We've ever been to the Himalayas. The students haven't passed the course already. ‘Mark and Susanna have been on a climbing expedition once yet. SPEAKING 11a Look at these travel-related jobs. What experience do you need for each one? 1 Tour assistant — Paris, London, Rome 2 Mountain expedition assistant — Himalayas 3. Field trip volunteer — Amazon 4 Assistant travel agent — busy travel agency uae 1 1b Work with a partner. You are going to see if you are suitable for the jobs in Exercise 11a. Student A: turn to page 155 Student B: turn to page 161. Which of the four jobs would suit you best? 2Sa A STUDY TRIP SITUATION 1 Read the situation below. What kind of things can go wrong on a trip like this, do you think? Westlake is an American university. Two years ago, the university organised 2 study tip to Poland and the Czech Republic, so that students could learn about the countries’ culture and history. Unfortunately, the organisers made many mistakes and the tip was not successful This year, they wil take another group of students (aged 18-21) to the same area, They want to avoid the mistakes they ‘made in the past. 2a Read the notes written by one of the organisers about the previous trip. Which problems, if any, did you discuss in Exercise 12 2b Match each problem in the notes With one of these categories. You can use each category more than once. theft money information communication climate misbehaviour — organisation 3 Insmall groups, discuss these questions. Compare your answers with another group. 11 Which were the most serious problems? Rank them in order of seriousness (1 = most serious, 6 = least serious) 2 Which ofthe following do you blame for each problem? the organisers — the students bad luck: none of the above 4a Listen to a conversation between Douglas and Karen, two organisers of the previous trip. Which problems from the notes do they talk about? 4b Listen again, Make notes on the topics they discuss. Use these headings. Student relations + Hotels Student behaviour Free time Student complaints Not enough information about what to eatin restaurants, Not enough opportunities to interact with Czech and Polish students in the same age group. Exceptionally cold weather in Prague. Students dnt have suitable clothing for the weather conditions. Hotels OK, but stuclents didnt ike sharing rooms. Several didnt get on with ther pariners. Many arguments — unhappy spirit in the group. Very little information about the historical sites, No ddscussion after the vists with group leaders about \what the students had learnt No maps of the cties were provided. Saturciay night, students broke a fre escape doar in the hate, Went dav the fre escape, Stayed inthe city centre until the early hours of the morning, Vist next day cancelled. Also, noi late-night partes in the hotel, Cash problems. Some students ran out of money Didiit expect such high prices in both countries. Some borrowed friends’ cre cards to buy presents Parents complained at the end ofthe tip. ‘Cameras and motile phones stolen in the Underground. One student lost all his documents. Had t0 spend a day atthe embassy. Not enoveh free time during the trip. goneNc. c DISCUSSING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. MAKING SUGGESTIONS 5 listen again and complete the two extracts, Extract 1 KAREN | think we talked about this before the trip. There are and? , aren't there? On. the one hand, it's good to give them free time, they get a chance to explore places. > es if you give them too much free time, they say we haven't organised enough trips for them. You just can’t win, DOUGLAS: True, and don't forget, Karen, giving them a lot of free time is that they get into trouble. Extract 2 KAREN: How could | forget that! Actually, I've got a few suggestions for this next trip. DOUGLAS: Me too. KAREN: Good. Well, I think we should have more meetings with students before they leave. The >__ about this is they'd get to know each other better. DOUGLAS: Yeah. That's tue, Also, itdbea*___to give students maps of the cities they visit. I suggest contacting the tourist boards and asking them to send us some. KAREN: And how about showing them some restaurant menus before they leave? That'd be a big ” for thom. © Work with a partner. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of giving young people a lot of free time during a study trip. ORGANISING A STUDY TRIP 7a You are a member of the organising committee for the next trip to Poland and the Czech Republic. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these suggestions for the next trip. ‘+ Students must be in their hotel rooms by 111 p.m. each night. ‘+ They should all take the same amount of spending money. + They should keep a diary each day of their impressions. The diary will be given a grade at the end of the trip. * No student should explore areas by themselves. 7b Add five suggestions of your own which will make the next trip more successful. Think about the problems in the notes and conversation, 7c Compare your suggestions with another group. Decide on the best five.MAKING NOTES WHILE LISTENING TO A TALK: Ta Work with a partner. Discuss these ideas for how to make notes while listening. Which do you agree with? Why? * Before you start, have some key questions you want the answers to, for example Who? What? When? Why? Listen for siructuring language, e.g, firstly, secondly, etc Listen carefully for phrases which tell you important information is coming, e.g. Now, let's move on to + Wait until the end and write down what you can remember. Use a numbering system for your notes. Try to write down as much as you can. Use abbreviations where possible, (See Lesson 1.5.) Focus on verbs and nouns — leave out articles, pronouns, conjunctions, ete. ‘+ Write in complete sentences. * Use diagrams and word webs. 1b Can you add any other ideas that work for yout 2 Look at the man on the firs slide from a talk. What sort of person do you think he is? 3 BBE Watch the first part of the talk and choose the most suitable heading for Slide 2 from the list below. a Career and travels d Greatest achievement b Travels in Polynesia e Early life © Publications and awards Books 1 Larvik, S. Norway, 1914 By & Geography @ Oslo Uni as interested in how islands 1st inhabited Cree e oe erie 4 23H watch the second part of the talk and complete the notes 1-10 in Slide 3. Use one word, number or date in each gap. Compare your answers with a partner. 5 (ERE watch the third part of the talk and make your own notes. Work witha partner and compare the style of your notes. 6 Choose the most suitable headings from Exercise 3 for Slides 3-5. (There are two extra headings.) Slide 3 = built rat (Kon-Tiki) ~ crossed Peru = Polynesia in* ___ days wanted to prove ancient cultures connected by who crossed * ___ Norwegian archaeological expedition ~ Galapagos Islands, © led Easter expedition, 1955-1956 1965-70" __2rafts (Ra T &Ra2)acows* __t0 show possible ancient Egyptian contact with S. "‘Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas, USA, in 1897 ‘and moved to Chicago in 1914 when her father was fired from the Rack island Railroad. After graduating from high school in 1915, she went to Canada where she trained as a nurse's aide, In 1919 she attended Columbia University but gave up after a year to join her parents in California, 17920 Earhart went to her frst air show and was hooked. She took flying lessons and bought her first plane, which she flew to a height of 14,000 feet in October 1922, a women's world record, In 1925 she moved to Boston and got a job asa social worker. During that time, she also wrote local newspaper columns on flying, tathart will be principally remembered for being the first woman to fy solo non-stop across the Atlantic. (On 20 May 7932, she took off from New Brunswick. She wanted to fly to Paris, But poor weather conditions and mechanical problems forced her to land in Derry, Northern Ireland, A BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILE 7 Read the biography of Amelia Earhart. Match each paragraph with one of these topics. the end of her life her early life and education her early career publications, awards and prizes her greatest achievement Find verbs in the text that mean the following. be dismissed 4 finish high school or university (para 1) learn a particular job (para 1) go to (school or university} (para 1) stop doing something (para 1) go to a new place to live (para 2) 1m a job (para 1) STUDY AND WRITING pioneer 4 Itwas inevitable that Eathart would attempt a round- the-world flight, and she left Miami on 1 June 1937, ‘tor stopping in South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and south east Asia she arrived in New Guinea on 29 June. She left on 27 July, But while she was crossing the Pacific, contact was lost. The US government spent Sam locking for her, but she was never found. In 2012 a new expedition tried to prove that she survived a crash landing but died alittle while ater on a small istand, very close to the orginal rescue search, 5 Earhart published two books about her flying ‘experiences: 20 Hours 40 Minutesand The Fun of 1, but she went missing before her third book was published, She was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross by Congress and the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honour by the French government. In 2009 2 film was made of her life starring the Hollywood actress Hilary Swank, 9 Time linkers Look at the text and underline five different time linkers, e.g after. 10 Match these sentence halves and join them in an appropriate way using the time linkers. 1 Heyerdahl received a number of awards 2 Heyerdahl went to the Galapagos Islands Heyerdah! became curious about how the islands were inhabited He set out to prove his theories leading an expedition to Easter Island. his lifetime, he was staying in Polynesia. giving up his study of Geography eores 11 Write a biographical profile of Thor Heyerdahl. Use the notes you made in the Study Skills lesson. Use the text about Amelia Farhart and the time linkers from BY OURUNS @ madee write and print something for sale (para 5) Frercise 910 help you. be given a prize, honour or money (para 5) 25BL | Work | 3.1 JOBS ASU ess Tue) 26 When | work 1 relax. Doing nothing makes me tired. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973, Spanish painter SPEAKING T Look at the jobs below and discuss the questions. nurse politician model journalist firefighter lawyer professional footballer teacher shop assistant police officer TV presenter personal assistant _ sales manager 1 How importantluseful do you think they are? 2 How much status do these jobs have in your country? 3. About how much are people paid for these jobs in your country? 4 Do you think they should be paid more o less money? Why? LISTENING AND VOCABULARY WORK ADJECTIVES 2a [EEE Listen to five people talking about their jobs. Match each speaker to a job from Exercise 1, What are the key words which tell you the jobs? 1 shifts, pa ents, 2b Listen again. What aspects of their jobs does each person say they like/dislike? 3a Add the missing letters to the adjectives below. Which adjectives would you use to describe the jobs from Exercise 12 1 wrdng 6 rptty 2 chil_ngng 7 stsfy_ng 3 glms__s 8B sLm_Ling 4 strssi_l 9 fx bl 5 tdos 1 mntn_os 3b Which of the jobs in Exercise 1 would you like to do? Which wouldn't you like to do? Why? Use the words from Fxercise 3a in your discussion, READING AND VOCABULARY DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS 4 Read the job advertisements and ‘match them with statements 1-8 below. 1 The company is the most important one in its area of business. 2 You will ned to work by yourself 3 The company offers the chance to work in their offices abroad, You will not work at the same time every week, 5. The company offers extra money once a year for good work 6 There are opportunities for promotion, You will be in charge of a number of staf. 8 The company wants people who are relaxed in stressful situations,5 Match the words with the correct preposition from the box. Check your answers in the adverts. onto for, oof in —iby 1 looking 7 motivated 2 experience 8 report 3. depend 9 prospects 4 responsible 10 fluency 5 expected 11 ability 6 knowledge 12. suitable © Which job in the adverts would you apply for? Why? 7 Ranking and justifying choices Look back at the four jobs in the adverts and rank them from 1—< (highest to lowest) under the following categories. a levelofinterest ¢ pay/benefits b status suitability for a woman (or a man) Explain your ideas to a partner. Give your reasons. Markebing Esxecubive Competitive Salary + Car+ Pension Scheme Jakarta, the country’s leading sports shoe manufacturer, is looking for an ambitious marketing executive to join our busy marketing department. You will have experience of designing and coordinating large advertising campaigns. Candidates should be prepared to spend time at our overseas branches in Rome and, Berlin. Fluency in a European language would be an advantage. This is a very exciting opportunity for the right candidate. Salary will depend on experience. Biles wnce. Boone Broadgate PLC is one of the largest suppliers of office equipment in the country, The successful candidate will be a dynamic person with excellent Organisational skills. You wil be responsible for jeading and motivating a sales team, You ore expected to develop new market opportunities 3s part of Broadgate’s continuing programme of expansion. A knowledge of the office equipment market is desirable, but rot essential. This is 2 challenging opportunity with one of the country's most respected employers. JOBS WRITING 8 Work with a partner. Write a short job advertisement using some of the collocations in Exercise 5. Include the job title, salary and details of the positions. SPEAKING Ya What is most important to you in a job? Choose the five most important things for you from the list. Then discuss your ideas with a partner. long holidays ‘+ regular bonus friendly colleagues + good pension short travelling time * flexible hours competitive salary + foreign travel opportunity for promotion _* prestigious company pleasant working environment ther benefits (e.g. company car, mobile phone) ‘9b What would your dream job be? ‘he prestigious Belnet hotel group is seeking | Belek ave and eniusiastc parson ton te OY Branch, The ideal candice ssorsoane matwated by Working in small tearm @ hgh preseue enact You wil report tothe head of reception services, the ost inldde eit work incur some Nghe od Weekends). Experience of eceplon work preted Tote are excellent prospects for rapid cercer press inthe company. Tis is avery salsving are revooing job forthe gh person Excellent salary and benefits ‘Goto mnubahnetiobsract co.uk for full detais anc application procedure a |” “Teer ranges /aules (London ane werlwide) Eis See) | | Cantro Tours isan international travel | organisation providing travel packages toa wide range of cents. Energetlg self-confident young people with | fluency in Englsh and one other language are needed to work with groups of travellers toavariety of UK and overseas destinations. ‘You will acta an expert on the area you tke groups to, so knowledge ofthe local culture and language is required, Te ability to work alone and under pressure is essential. Previous experience is not necessary a ful training is given. The post are suitable for recent sreduates or students on summer vacation Industry competitive salary and travel benefits. | For more info goto wawwcantrotours.c.ukjobe 728 1 Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with well-known publishing company. He has lived in south London since he was five, an 2 He prefers working from home because he can spend more time with his family and have a better work-life balance, Sunjtis Just one example of g worldwide, upward trend towards working from home, and according to a study by the international Labour Organisation, The expansion of teleworking ..s likely to turther accelerate in the years to come! READING 1 Work with a partner to discuss these questions. 1 Would you like to work from home? What would be the advantagesidisadvantages for you? 2 Homeworking is generally on the increase. Why do you think that ist 2a Read the first three paragraphs of the article quickly and check your answer to the second question, in Exercise 1. 2b Read the frst three paragraphs again and find the following information. 1 how long Sunjit has lived in London 2 how long Sunjt has been working at home 3° the name of a company that was one of the first to introduce homeworking 3 Read the rest of the article and and disadvantages of homeworking, the advantages 2 What are the reasons forthe rise hore that they did previousty in ‘an office. Other reasons for the Fise of homeworang ae that it lowers costs for companies and omeworkers tend to be more Productive and take fewer sick days than office worker: 3 Inrecent years, atargeinemnBsR British Telecom was one of the pioneers of home working In fact, which has paved the way for others. says that homeworkers seve the Company an average of pe person, annually + Homeworking brings many benefits to employers anc employees. Office space is costiy, so Fa company can Working from home on the rise ‘reduce its workstations, it may cof rameworking? Technology bbe able to move to a smaller ste has been a key factor. Fast Homeworking employees wil no broadband connections have longer be commuting daily to provided people with a quick work, whichis time-consuming, \way of recening and sending and stressful. They can plan their data from hore. People can ‘own work schedule and develop how do most of the work at 00d time management skis There are, however, disadvantages of homewaxking For some people the office proves a break from the mi, colleagues to tak to anda creative ervicnment. There are ‘many jobs tooin which people have to work closely in teams and brainstorm ideas. Homeviorking 'snot eal suitable for that kind of activity Its also rot suitable for people who nave gat avery young family and nowhere separate to work. Whatever the pros and Cons, teleworking is here to stay. For Sunt Patelitis ‘only good: For someone lke ime, who has @ family and the time management skils to work well on their own, homeworking is @ no-brainer rm much happier with my life since! quit the office: 4a. Think of some more advantages and disadvantages of homeworking and add them to your list from Exercise 3. 4b Evaluating advantages and disadvantages In groups, ‘compare your ideas and discuss whether the advantages of homeworking outweigh the disadvantages. VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS CONNECTED WITH TIME AND WORK 5a Match the expressions with their meanings. time-consuming. time management workstation work-life balance spend time organising your time effectively taking up a lot of time how much time you spend at work and home Use or pass time doing a particular thing the place in an office where a person works, especially with a computer5b Complete the text with the words and expressions from Exercise 5a. I've got a fulltime job and I’m tired all the time. 1 don’t need to improve my! __ skills as | organise my time efficiently. But | do have to? ___a lot of ‘commuting to work, and it’s very * ‘One way 1 could save time would be to look at homeworking. My boss might like that as she could reduce the number of ‘__- could stay in touch with the office by email and phone. I'm not a workaholic. What | want is a better 5 so I can be with my family more of the time. GRAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOL 6a Look at the three highlighted phrases in the text. Which of these statements about the present perfect continuous are truet 1 tis formed with have/has + been + -ing. 2. Itis used to talk about an action that finished a long time ago. 3 Itis used to talk about an action that continues to the present. itis often used with the time expressions since and for. Its often used to focus on the duration of an action (e.g, in answer to the question How fong?). 6b Look again atthe Highlighted phrases. Complete the rule with for or since. We use started) and ++. point in time (when the activity “a period of time. Tie Remember that we do not usually use state verbs in the continuous form, e.g. be know understand fee! > Language reference and extra practice pages 130-131 6c Write sentences using the present perfect continuous where possible. If iis not possible to use the verb in the continuous, use the present perfect simple. Use since and for when appropriate. 1. Cristina / work as a designer / she graduated, Cristina has been working as a designer since she graduated. 1 know Yukiyo / six months. How long / Mohammed / study engineering at university? Fuat live in Istanbul / he got a job ther. Marianna f work at home / two years. 1/ not live here / very long. Ji Hyun / feel sick / yesterday moming. Mark and Julie / teach / same college / a year? eau HOMEWORKING 6d Which of the following phrases gp with for and which go with sincet i justa few days Monday hours we moved twoweeks 2011 8 o'clock 7 Work with a partner. Talk about things you've been doing for some time, using since and for. I've been revising for my exams since Monday, and | hhaven’t been sleeping properly. 'm really tired at the moment. So far, I've revised English and Arabic LISTENING 8a [EEE Listen to four people talking about working from home. What is each persons job? 8b Listen again. How long has each person been working from home? Do they like it? What reasons do they give? 9 Complete the extracts with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous of the verbs in the box. be take learn live work not work translate pay 1____ from ttalian to English for most of my career. We in Milan for nearly five years. How long you from home for? 1 a lot more for heating, I never___a moming person. I a new language since January. I lessons for the last six months. He ‘at home much recently. PRONUNCIATION 10a KEE Correcting politely Listen to this short dialogue. Underline the main stress in what B says. So, you've been working from home for eight years? No, actually t've been working from home for six years. 110b Listen again and repeat the dialogue with a partner. Then practise some more dialogues. Student A: turn to page 155. Student B: turn to page 163 SPEAKING 11 Work with a partner to discuss this question. What would be your ideal pattem of working hours? I'd love to work long shifts for six months of the year anc then travel for the other six. I can’t get up in the mornings, so I'd lke to work from after lunch tll 6 pam.30 WORK PLACEMENTS READING 1 Read this description of work placements. Then work with a partner and discuss the questions. Work placements and intemships are usually done by young people as part of their college studies or afterwards to get into a work sector. They give people experience of ‘work, They can be paid or unpaid. They are different from apprenticeships, which are for more practical jobs. 1 What are work placements called in your country? 2 Are they common? 3. Are they generally paid or unpaid? 4 Do you know anyone who has done a work placement? 2a Read Sachiko Suzuki’s blog which includes four ‘comments about work placements and answer the questions. 1 Which two are the most balanced and considered? 2 Whois the most positive? 3 Whois the most negative? 2b Inferring opinion Read the blog again and decide who is the most likely to say the following: Azra (A), Tom (T), Sabrina (S) or Charlotte (C). 1 ‘Work placements exploit young people.’ 2 "You need to make sure you get enough training before you take on responsible roles.” 3. ‘I would recommend work placements to people without question. 4 ‘Basically, some work placements are good, and some are bad.’ 5 ‘Work placements €an be a good way to find out which area of the business you would like to work in! 6 ‘Work placements are good for people who want to improve their confidence.’ “Iwould not recommend work placements to anyone.’ 8 ‘The most important thing is to get a placement that gives you a role with some responsibility.’ 3 Which comment do you most agree with and why? ‘Compare your choice with a partner. LISTENING 4a Listen to three university students talking cn the radio about their work placements. For cach student, find out the following information. 1 name 2. the country they are from 3. what they are studying 4 the city where they are doing their work placement 4b Workin groups of three and choose one student each. Listen again and take notes on what your student has been doing recently and why they had a good work placement. 4c In your groups, summarise the information from your notes. Recently Jan has been doing a work placement a re ee eee tees GRAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 5 Look at these sentences from the blog and then complete the statements with present perfect simple or present perfect continuous, 1. I've just completed a work placement. 2. I've been looking for a job since January. 3. Ie already sent off two applications this moming 4 For the last month I've been working very long hours. a The ___ focuses more on the completed result {sometimes with a focus on number). b The focuses more on the activity itself and its duration (sometimes with a focus on time) 6 Work with a partner and look at Audio script 3.4 on page 166, Underline all the examples of the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous. Note the question forms and negative forms. Find two examples. to illustrate each of the statements in Exercise 5. 7 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous forms of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes both are correct. 11 for a work placement in a hotel for some time, (look) 2 1___Iapanese since May. (learn) 3 The boss ill this week. (be) 4 The inten me in reception since Monday. help] 5 Maria in So Paulo since May. She's moving 10 Rio in August. (work) 6 1____ in Moscow all my life. (work) 7 My mother here for 25 years. (work) 8 Patricia ___ her job recently inot enjoy) 9 What at work recently? (you / do} 10 We ten people for the job. (interview) 8 Work with a partner and ask each other these questions 1 What have you been doing to improve your English? 2 What have you been doing at college/work recently? SPEAKING 9a Work with a partner. Make a lst together of at least three arguments against each of the following statements. Work placements exploit young people. Work placements should always be paid Only the rich and the privileged can afford to work for fre. Work placements benefit the employers more than the employees. 9b In your pairs, discuss what makes a good work placement. 7 | CREE Watch an interview with Caroline | Matthews about her internship in the insurance industry. ‘Turn to page 150 for video activities.jem Bubble's signature In: What do you think? blog about updates sks ip of contributors | Sachiko Suzuki Eastembubble is conducting a quick survey, so get your comments in asap. AIRA AYDIN Ihave to disagree. I've just 1 completed a work placement and | really have a sense of eee eeeeha Iicome from amin Turkey, and I was quite nervous about studying abroad. | did my ‘work placement at a famous evenis company in Paris, they contacted me as aresult of networking event my university had set up. The placement taught me everything | now know and opened so many doors. | also won an award for the best work placement in France. As aresul, I've had eight jb offers without even appying. Best ofall, the company cid my placement at has just offered me ajob. The great thing about whem was the support ond ‘raining hey gave me, and they gaye me alot of confidence. TOM BLISSETT Hotally agree with ihe statement, Basically, people on work placements should always bbe paid. It's only rich privileged people who can atford to work forfiee. Unpaid placements only benefit the companies. couldn't get ajob after university, S01 did an unpcidl placement for sicmonths. 1 wasn't given any responsibility and ended up just washing pots and pans in the basement. | didn't get to meet the customers. What a waste of time! And they didn't even give me ajob at the end. I've been looking for job since January and I've already sent off 2 cpplications this morning. I'm looking for an apprenticeship now. SABRINA PEISSL_ lve been doing a work placement forthe last nine months in a major bankin utich. I've worked in many different depariments so I've had the chance to see which ‘department |really ke. They are paying me a goad salary. (On the other hand, 've had 00 much responsibilty without enough training, 've opened accounts, I've organised crecit ‘and debit cards and I've deat with cient complaints without much supervision. And for the lost month I've been working very long hous. Overall i's been a. good work placement, but | would have iked more troining CHARLOTTE HAWKINS Thave been looking for a job in | TV for some time, and I've done ALOT of internships. My frst infemship was at the BBC, and it was briliant, They immediately gave me lots of responsibilty and I leamt so much. They didn't pay me though. | enjoyed being an intern ct Al Jazeera, wha gave me a lot of support. However, Ihave also done some terible intemships. | spent whole days (unpaid) fling Paperwork at one production company. To get the best out of an intemship, convince the company to give you proper work to do.1 Read the situation below. Do you think you would like this sort of work experience? Jacle Gyms is a famous American health club chain. tt is opening a number of branches in London. The club is about to invite applications for some internships. These are aimed at students and recent graduates and) will be both challenging and rewarding. At the moment, the senior managers are discussing the advert forthe positions and are considering what skills and personal qualities the successful people should have. 2 List the skills and personal qualities you think the ideal candidates should have. 3a Listen to two senior managers from Jade Gyms, Harry and Marta. Which skills and qualities do they say are important? 3b Compare the skills/qualities they have chosen with the ones you discussed in Exercise 2. Are any the same? KEY LANG! ASKING QUESTIONS, GIVING ANSWERS During interviews, framing expressions can be very helpful Framing expressions for questions help to show another question is coming, Framing expressions before answers help to avoid silence and give candidates time to think. Listen and complete the extracts from the interviewer at a job interview. 1 Now, looking at your CV. 1 what you feel you learnt in your last placement? 2 Iimalo Your reasons for applying & our company. 3. Now, _ all our candidates. What are your strong points? 4 OK. Thank you. A your computer skills, What software are you familiar with? Right, thank you. Moving on. what you think the growth areas in the leisure industry are? OK. ___question. Where do you think you'll be in five years’ time?4b Listen again and complete the extracts from the candidate at the interview. 1 I'm ___ me that because | feel | developed some important skills while I was there, 2° That'sa Basically, because it is such a respected and famous organisation. 3 Well, without going into _ Thave very good people skills. 4 thought you might that. Well, what | can say is, | have a good knowledge of Excel and Word, and can prepare excellent Powerpoint presentations, 5 Well, : but [think the boom in fitness centres will continue in the next few years, 6 Let me just that for a moment. Well, |hope to be working for your company in a senior position. 4c Look at Audio script 3.6 on pages 166~167 and check your answers to Exercises 4a and 4b. 5 Work with a partner to practise the questions and answers in Exercise 4. 6 Think about the new internship positions at Jade Gyms. Write down three questions the interviewer might ask. With a partner, practise asking and answering the questions using framing language. You may invent any information you wish. You could ask about: education skills + foreign languages . good/bad qualities . * opinions about travel for work TAKING PART IN AN INTERVIEW Za Work in groups, Student As and Student Bs. You are going to prepare for and take part in an interview for a work placement. Student As (interviewers): Turn to page 163 and prepare for the interview together. Student Bs (candidates): Turn to page 157 and prepare for the interview together. 7b Now work in pairs of A/B and do the interview. (A is the interviewer, B is the candidate.) 8 Student A turn to page 156. Student B turn to page 155. Complete the evaluation sheet about your partner. Discuss the results and if necessary explain the scores to your partner. 9. Return to your group and explain how successful you think the interview was. Thank you for coming in today. Please take a seat. ‘Are there any questions you'd like to ask us? Its been a pleasure meeting you. We'll let you know shortly.STUDY SKILLS ORGANISING IDEAS ‘Ta Paragraphs Complete the text about paragraphing with the words in the box. information link texts logically main !tis common to divide writing into paragraphs. A Paragraph contains sentences, and these all”__to the idea contained in the key sentence. This is called the topic sentence, It is usually the first one but can come later in the paragraph. The other sentences support it by giving more "__or examples. paragraph will have a final sentence which usually signals what will come next ‘or summarises information which was in the paragraph. Most written * ___ have several paragraphs which connect §__ to each other. ‘1b Why do we divide texts into paragraphs? 2 Organising a paragraph Read this paragraph from an application letter. It was sent by a candidate who applied to Jade Gyms for a job. Work with a partner to discuss the following. 1 Which is the topic sentence? 2. Which sentences support the main idea? 3. Why's the final sentence not suitable for this paragraph? | have been interested in healthy living and fitness for many years. This is why I chose to study for a degree in Sports ‘Management at my focal university. | have had excellent grades throughout my studies and expect to graduate in a few weeks’ time. After this, | am thinking of going on to do a part-time Master's degrce in Business Administration. | am a member of the university debating society and enjoy dancing to South American music. 3 The following sentences are from another paragraph in the letter, Put the sentences in the correct order and underline the topic sentence. For example, | am captain of the university debating team, b One of my strongest points is my personality. lam a confident person, very outgoing and sociable. ¢ Ibelieve the qualities that | have mentioned are important fora fitness instructor. d__ Because ofthis, | have many friends and ama member of several clubs. a Look again at the job adverts on page 27. Which advert interests you the most? Think about these questions. - 1 Why do you want to apply for the position? 2 What skills and! qualities do you have to offer the organisation? 34 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS 4b Complete this first paragraph of'your application letter for the job. Then write two paragraphs, explaining your reasons for applying and descr your skills and qualities ing, 11am writing to apply for the position of __, which you advertised in today’s Jobsonline.com. | am very excited by the opportunity you offer and believe that | have the personality and qualifications you are looking for. WRITING SKILLS COVERING LETTER AND CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) 5 What is the difference, if any, between a CV, a resumé and a covering letter? 6a Covering letter Listen to a careers counsellor answering questions from a student about covering letters. What three things does the student ask about? 6b Listen again. What are the counsellor's answers to the questions? Make notes next to the questions you wrote in Exercise 6a. 7 Denise Martin is applying for a job as an instructor at the London branch of Jade Gyms (sce page 32). Read her covering letter and complete it with the words and phrases in the box. work placement look forward available for interview skills degree delighted position ‘Dear Ms Khan, Re: Fitness Instructor 25 September Tama student studying Sports Management atthe ‘University of Surrey. Lam writing to apply for the *__of Fitess Instructor, which you advertised in today’s KeepFitOnline.com, have been interested in healthy living and fenes for "many years, which s why I chose to study fora 2__"_inSports Science at my local university. graduate in three months’ time and would like to work inaHealthand Finesscub.Iwas*____to see your adverthecause your dubs have an excellent reputation, Tam an ourgoing, confident person and believe that have good communication __Tpeac French fluently and Geoman to an intermediate evel. Last summer, worked witha dietician ata hospital and gained usefil lnowledge ofhealth foods. also hada ‘womonth' witha pors good company. inmy ‘Spare time, Irun an aerobics class every Monday evening, Tam‘___ atany me conveniento you 1? ‘to hearing from you soon. Your sincerely, D Woche, Denise Marin8 Curriculum Vitae (CV) Work in small groups to discuss the following. 1 What is more common nowadays in your country sending a CV or filling in an online application? Should you use the same CV for all applications? What headings do you normally find in a CV? Should you include a photo of yourself with your CV? Should you always tell the truth in a CV? Do you agree that the best CV is no more than one page long? 1 you were an employer, how would you feel about a CV which had spelling mistakes? 92 EEE Listen to six people giving their opinion bout writing CVs. Make notes about what they say. 9b Work with a partner to discuss what each person said. Do you agree with them? Profile working fora? Education 2011-2012 2008-2011 2006 (June) Work Experience 2013-present 2012-2013 ie 2011 (summer), 2010 (summer) 2009 (summer) Key skills Interests Curriculum Vitae: Monique Lepine Tam a highly-motivated *_ Commerce with a strong desire to succeed in my chosen career. Lam interested in company in the leisure industry, which will appreciate my qualities Tam bright, articulate and * excellent communication skills, Postgraduate * Diploma in Commerce, University of Provence Baccalauréat Series B (Economics) STUDY AND WRITI 10 Look at Monique Lepine’s CV. Fill the gaps with these extracts. There is one extra extract that you do not need to use. Cycle regularly, Play tennis in a local club. Diploma Work placement graduate Graduate trainee numerate Good at teamwork: fast-expanding Voluntary sn sean ce 11 Jade Gyms have vacancies in administration, sales, personnel and finance. Apply to their Head Office in London for any position. Write a covering letter and a CV. in swith in Marketing Euromarché, Paris, * work overseas Part-time work at Tennis Championship (Roland Garros, Paris) Sales Assistant, Carrefour Store, Nice, South of France. (evo months), Kopcea, Paris Fluent in English, French and German TTliterate; working knowledge of Microsoft Office package Fast typing - 80 words a minute| ean cae Seater VOCABULARY Oe eet Degen Ceca eee nae idiom: eee SCENARIO es ae ees eke eee aware STUDY SKILLS Stearns WRITING SKILLS ean LANGUAGE LEARNING 1 Work with a partner. Discuss how similar you think these activities are to learning a language. driving a car playing a musical instrument playing/doing a dangerous sport painting/drawing dancing the tango, waltz, etc playing a board game (e.g. backgammon, chess, Monopoly) Learning to drive is similar because you need to practise a lo. 2 What sort of people do you think make the best language learners? 36 Language 4.1 LEARNING LANGUAGES 3 Complete the statements with the words in the box. Which ideas do you agree with? bilingual second native slang accent grammar dialects false friends pronunciation 1 Organised and logical people find it easy to learn rales. 2 Musical people find it easy to develop accurate anda good 3. Extroverts find iteasy to communicate in their often find it easy to learn to speak a 4 Flexible people can adapt to different language is spoken in different areas, 5 People who are already know two languages so learning ‘one more is very easy. 6 Learners of languages should make an effort to learn informal Phrases, everyday expressions and even 7 Words that look the same or familiar in different languages but have different meanings are called + This makes learning to use them properly very difficult language and s language fluently. (the way a 4a Look at the text. Where does it come from? What is its purpose? 4b Read the text quickly. Who is it aimed at? foreign language speakers native English speakers people who want to speak English as a foreign language business people aooe4c Read the text again. Are these sentences true, false or not given? You will receive a certificate at the end of the course. There are tests to check your progress during the course. English is one of the languages offered. You will become fluent in six weeks. There are support materials in English. Wawa w Evaluating the success of a text How effective do you think the text is in achieving its aim? Would you sign up for a course? If not, how could you improve the text to, make the courses sound more attractive? VOCABULARY IRASAL VERBS (2) 6a Look at the phrasal verbs highlighted match them with their meanings below. make as much progress as others learn easily understand make less progress than other people “ survive disappoinv/ail start doing something, e.g. a new activity become successful very fast 3 give benefits 6 LEARNING LANGUAGES 6b Complete the sentences about your English studies. Then compare your answers with a partner, 1 Ian get by in __ (language) when { am abroad. 2. | would like to stop learning English and take up 3. Ieatch on quickly when my teacher. 4 Ittook me ____(weeks/months/years) to pick up the basics of 5. Hind it difficult to keep up with my work/homework because 6 The aspect of my English which lets me down is 7 'm falling behind in I'm going to have to work hard to catch up. 8 One thing I can do to help my level of English really take off is _ 9 Learning English will pay off for me when SPEAKING 7 Work in small groups to discuss the following, English is an international language because itis easy to lear, 2 Language is the most important part of cultural identity 3. Everyone should lear at least one forcign language. 4 Agovernment has a duty to protect its country’s language. 3. The world would be a better place if everyone spoke the same language. Net Ouly English Spoken Here! + Do your foreign language sil RoR) (GOH wnen you travel abroad? and workbook will answer your grammar questions, and there are also regular tests + Are you(fallinglBEhin in your career? | 35 Part of the course, + Would you lke to make new friends? + Do you want to learn about other cultures? If you answered ‘yes’ to any of the above, then you need Learn Fast, the all-inclusive foreign language course. At school you may have found foreign language learning confusing, but don’t worry ~ our fully-supported courses will teach you the language you need for every situation. Our accelerated learning system means that we can guarantee that within six weeks you will pickUB the basics of any language you choose. Pretty ‘soon you will be able to do much more than just J2HB, You will become fluent and able to hold intelligent conversations with native speakers. Soon your language Level will really takeoff as you begin to master the language All aspects of the language are covered ~ reading and listening, grammar and vocabulary development and pronunciation work to perfect your accent. An online tutor Slow to ath? Not with our special system wich is designed with the non- language learner in mind. We offer a series of online resources and apps for mobile learning, together with a writing skills. ‘Support package. Extensive notes in English make learning easier and faster. Now, more than ever isthe time to fakeUB) ‘new language. It will open up a new ‘world for you and help you kesplupivitiy the bilingual high flyers. This is an investment which will payoff immediately and for the rest of your life. Don't delay ... Do it today! Choose from the following: French, ‘Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Russian, Arabic Jopanese, Chinese. All levels from beginner to advanced. LEARN FAS For more information vist our nebsite at: edui THE FUTURE OF ENGL io atin oe 38 ISH LISTENING 1 Which variety of English is more popular in your country, British ‘or American English, or another variety? Which variety of English would you prefer to learn? 2a Listen to two friends at university, Henri and Fabio, talking on the phone. What is the reason for the phone call? 2b Listen again and complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets to help you. 1. Fabio is going to finish his essay when?) 2 Henri is going to finish his essay (when?) 3. Fabio is going to the cinema with (who?) 4 Fabio is going to the cinema on. (whent) 5 Henri’s presentation is on when?) 6 Henri and Fabio will see each other at the lecture___. (when?) GRAMMAR FUTURE FORMS 3a Look at Audio script 4.1 on page 167. Underline all the ways of, expressing the future that you can find, 3b Look at your underlined examples in the Audio script and find an example of: 11 a prediction about the future 2. a decision made at the time of speaking, 3 an intention for the future 4a fixed arrangement, plan or programme Complete the,rules with will, going to or the present continuous. 1 Weuse___ to talk about unplanned decisions and promises that we make at the time of speaking, and to make predictions about the future, 2 Weuse to talk about fixed future arrangements, usually involving other people. 3 Weuse to talk about plans or intentions (something which you have already decided). \ Language reference and extra practice pages 132-133 4 Work with a partner. Look at part of another conversation between Henri and Fabio. Choose the best answer and discuss the reasons for your choice. FABIO: I've made a decision. ‘I’m going to take /1ltakea Master's Course in Communication. The course *will challenge /is challenging me, but I think I can manage it. What about you? Heme Not sure. | haven't made any arrangements yet, but | think 2m taking / 1 take a postgraduate course. ‘I'm not knowing / { won't know my exam results tll the end of August. £'m probably deciding / ll probably decide then, FABIO: Sounds good. Oh, I've arranged to meet Richard on Wednesday for band practice. “We're meeting / We'll meet at 5 p.m. Do you want to join us? HENRI Sorry, but I'm playing / I’m going to play tennis with Fran then. Fasio: OK, how about going for a coffee now? HENRI: Sorry, m so tired, | think “il go /1’m going home now. “Tinglish is the native language of —— READING ‘ 5a Identifying genres Quickly read the texts and match them to the following genres. a anonline university prospectusfbrochure b anonline debate ¢ a factual newspaper article 5b Read the three texts again and match the following endings to the texts. What helped you make your decision? aL think the cifferences in spellings, dialects and regional idioms increase the beauty of the language. We cannot regulate English itis constantly evolving b Our lively Chinese language club celebrates the Chinese New Year and is one of the most active student clubs on campus, € And, perhaps a little less glamorously itis the official language of air safety instructions and air traffic control. Sec Answer these questions about the texts. 1 What do the following numbers refer to: 400m, 600m, 2bn, Ibn, 197 ‘What areas does English dominate? Why should you study Chinese? Why does the first writer in the debate want American English to be adopted? 5 Why does the second writer in the debate preter British English? about 400m people and is spoken, swith some degree of fluency, by perhaps another 600m. Ghenunber ee eee itis rapidly heading towards 2bn. And though there are more people on the planet who speak no Bnglish than there will be fluent speakers, the vitality of the Tanguage seems obvious. There are certain inescapable facts about the glabal role of English. Ttdominates diplomacy, trade and shipping, as well as the entertainment industry and youth enlture. Ttis the lingua franca of computing and technology, of science and medicine, and itis prominent in intemational business and academia. It is the working language of the United Nations. Dy Henry Hitehings‘Ses language in the world. ©c2rin Chinese is not only spoken in the People’s Seesblic of China and Taiwan. Icis also spoken in the = communities of Brunel, Indonesia, Malaysia, Seseulk, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ese Studies degree will give you a broad ssssanding of Chinese culture through study of its SSesee history and literature, and includes a year at a ‘> Sinese university in Beijing or Shanghai. ae Sonderea ia BERN The English-speaking world should adopt American English maments from the floor: Kat the influence of American English in ,TV, musi, the web and advertising There 2dvantages to standardising international scmunication. Its time for American English to be by the English-speaking world. This would. communication easier. live the sound of the English spoken on the BBC. Twant to learn British English because my favourite ssthors are the 19th century British writers, Lalso dove Shakespeare, and American English are not the only s of English out there. What about all the jans, Canadians, South Africans, Ish and New Zealanders? I think some form of Indian English ost definitely become the most spoken ==sion of English soon, THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY BRITISH AND AMERICAN MONEY IDIOMS 6a Complete the idioms with the words in the box. broke pass rip tighten million splash spending cheapskate 1 Ifyou ___ the buck, you make someone else responsible for something you should deal with. 2 Wyouare | it means you have no money. 3 Ifyou look like a” dollars, you look wonderful 4 ifyouarea__, you donot like spending money. - 5 Ifyou goona spree, you spend a lot of money in a shor time 6 Ifyou ‘out on something, you spend a lot of money on something, 7 Ifyou your belt, you spend less money than you used to, 8 lfyou___ someone off, you charge them too much money. 6b [EB Listen to the sentences above and check your answers. 7 Work with a partner and ask and answer these questions. When was the last time you went on a spending spree? ‘When was the last time you looked like a million dollars? ‘What was the last thing you splashed out on? Have you ever been broke? ‘Why are tourists sometimes ripped off? Is italways a bad thing to pass the buck? ‘Would you keep a friend if they were a cheapskate? you had to tighten your bel, what could you give up? SPEAKING Ba Youare going to hold a debate about British and ‘American English. This is the motion: ‘The English-speaking world should adopt American English. Divide into two groups to prepare the arguments. Group A: look at page 156 and prepare arguments for the motion. Group B: look at page 159 and prepare arguments against the motion. 8b Now hold the debate. Follow the debate procedure. 1. The spokesperson from Group A speaks for the motion. 2. The spokesperson for Group & speaks against the motion 3. Other people from both groups can speak and give their opinions for or against. 8c Now vote on the motion (for or against) and decide which group has won the debate. | WG MEET THE EXPERT Watch an interview with Henry Hitchings, author of Language Wars, about English as a global language. Turn to page 151 for video activities. 39AVOIDING ONLINE MISTAKES a 4 LISTENING Richard Falvey works at the British Council and is talking about using correct and appropriate language online and face-to-face. Listen to the first Part of the interview and answer the questions. 1 Whatis the British Council? 2 Complete the following list of organisations that Richard develops partnerships with: charities, non-governmental organisations, educational institutions, 3 _ What two things are key to building trust? ‘1b EERIE Listen to the second part of the interview and complete these extracts. 1 Firstly, Who's your 2 2. Secondly, how well do you them? 3 Thirdly, how much do they know about the 4 And finally, what is the you want? What do you want them to do as a result of your? 1c EBM Listen to the third part of the interview and make notes. Give at least one example of each of the following. 1. how to avoid confusion 2 how to avoid losing trust 3 how to get the register right 2 Work with a partner to discuss these questions. 1 Have you ever upset anyone by your use of language {face to face or online)? What happened? 2. Has anyone upset you by their use of language? How did you feel? VOCABULARY LANGUAGE STYLE 3a Look at Audio script 4.5 on pages 167-168 and find these words. Then match them with their meanings. formal informal register context appropriate humorous, polite familiar medium friendly speaking in a way that shows respect for other people a way of communicating information or ideas funny * situation suitable for a particular time or situation suitable for ordinary and relaxed situations suitable for serious occasions @ way of speaking or writing which you use when you are in a particular situation ARAN TH COVOUEENS 3b Work with a partner and use some of the words i Exercise 3a to talk about the language you use and hor you talk to the following people. * very close friends + colleagues * your parents + aschool principal / your boss READING 4 Identifying main ideas Read the list of tips on how to avoid mistakes online and choose the most suitable heading for each tip. Watch your language Use secure passwords Don't share personal information Use privacy settings Reply to all? Keep all tagged photos private me ance 5 Read the text again and match the mistakes to Tips 1-6, There are two extra mistakes. Someone: a sent a tweet using abusive language. included someone on an email that they should not haw © posted to0 frequently on Facebook, posted embarrassing photos. © included their boss on their Linkedin site £ made a spelling mistake on a job application. 8 used their birthday as a password hi gave too much personal information. 6 1 Work with a partner to discuss these questions, Have you ever done anything online that you have regretted? How many social media sites do you use regularly? 3 How worried are you about haw the information about you online might be used? 4 Should you always use correct spelling and grammer in emails, Facebook, Twitter and texts? Whatidlo you think of people who post all the time c F IK1 eee emcee IEEE A friend of rine posted photos of A eee er ae eae Be dow ree ens ‘people post embarrassing pictures for ieee ean re TiP2 My son was not careful about posting 23 sharing personal information. He scaled his date and place of birth, Smone number and home address. Ho ‘=r=n told his friend where the spare set 199s wore hidden. Needless to s3 Sec don't share information that can ®=5 people steal your identity or find 2st where you live. Don'beccept every s=mestto become a friend. GRAMMAR hat g lltead that email. This is quite common misteke and can fun relationships with friends and colleagues. | once included my boss ‘on an email she should not have seen. So, take extra care when you respond, and on Facebook do not get confused between posting on a wall and sending a private message, TiP4 Every site allows you to cheose your privacy settings. Decide how visible ‘you want your profile, contacts, photos and videos to be and then learn how to set the the right level of control. Familarise yourself with the sites’ policies about information you post. My sister had her boss on her Linkedin site but showed herself as, LOOKING FOR WORK on the site. Her boss was not impressed. for different accounts and don’t choose your birthday like my friend picture with your pet's name on your Facebook page if this ie a secret word you share with your bank Impression, pr Even better, get someone ole to ‘check what you have written. There's nothing worse than a sly speling or grammar mistake, And check tet your language fs approprist, usually fejectcandidetes if they make speling tmistakes on thelr job applications. Ya Write a list of tips on how to avoid making RST CONDITIONAL 7 Look at the highlighted first conditional sentences in the text. Complete these statements about the first conditional using the words in the box. will present simple imperative real could might 1 We use the first conditional to talk about possibilities in the future In the if-clause we can use the In the main clause we can use modals like, and ___, but we can also use the to give advice. & Complete these sentences using your own ideas. JFL pass my exams, If show you how to use Twitter, 2 What ___if | press this key? IFit’s nice weather, IF it rains, If go to London, __we will miss the plane. lf my computer crashes, 2 Language reference and extra practice pages 132-133 mistakes online. Use the first conditional beginning with if and an imperative. If you share personal information, be careful 9b Compare your list with a partner. SPEAKING 10a Work with a partner and choose a topic from the following list: social network sites, email, instant messaging, texting. Make a list of Dos and Don'ts. For example, here isa list for emails: is * Getto the point ¢ Use poor grammar and quickly. spelling, + Fill in the subject. ¢ Reply to all without line. checking + Use appropriate __* Use al capital letters for a aes word, (itreads like you'te ‘shouting’.) 10b Now swap your list with another pair and evaluate their list. Which Dos and Don'ts do you think are the most useful? 41(|) Be | ANGUAGE TRAINING SITUATION 1 Read the situation below and answer the questions. 1 Why does IMA need an English language programme? 2. Which staff will it focus on in its language training? International Medi-Aid (IMA), based in Florence, Ntaly, isa charity which provides medical aid to many counities. Recently the management decided that English will be the working language of the organisation. The Human Resources department of IMA will start by organising English language training for 200 staff at Head Oifice. tt will prioritise those who are in most need of training, ) 2a Read the extract from a report from a member . of the HR department at IMA. What are the two | Problems concerning the language programme? [seth (28) 2b In small groups, discuss and make notes on the advantages and disadvantages of each proposal, fron the point of view of both the staff and the charity. 3a Listen to three members of the HR department, Claire, Frank and Sophia, talking about the English language training programme. What three topics do they discuss? 3b Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What will the HR members do before deciding abo: ‘one-to-one classes and British and American Englist 2 Why do they decide to run classes for Administrative staff? Here are the results of the survey of the staff's English lan ability that I carried out recently | | ENGUISH LANGUAGE ABILITY |___ Nuveen feces] 6000 | tan] voc [Directors (24) Eas ee |seniorstaf(2e) 8 | [rnersies 0) | 6 | |Medicalstafi(s2) | 10 7 [administrate | a6 Weneed to keep any training cost low as the budget for langus ‘aining forthe first year is only €150,000. There are five poss ‘ways of providing English language training. However, we do ‘ot agree on che best prograntime. These are the proposals, with * Proposal 1: Send staff to 2 language school close to Head Office Cost: 10 participants on a four-week course (20 hours a week) =€20,000, * Proposal 2: Hire two English language instructors to give ‘courses at Head Office, Cost: 10 participants on a four-week course (20 hours a week) €8,000, * Proposal 3: Hire a language expert to plan and set up cour line for staf® Cost: no information at present, but this could be expensive ~at least €40,000 * Proposal 4: Send groups of staff to the UK oc USA fora . crash couse, (Cost: for a two-week course (30 hours per week) + air fare + ‘accommodation = €5,000 per employee forthe UK. €7,000 forthe US * Proposal 5: Provide one-to-one English language traning at Hea Office. Cost: €80 per hourACCEPTING AND REJECTING IDEAS, CONSIDERING. CONSEQUENCES 4a Look at the expressions below and match each group to one of these headings: Accepting ideas, Rejecting ideas, Considering consequences. Group 1: Let’s think this through lE we do that, what will happen? What will the effects be? Group 2: I think you're right Its an interesting thought. That's a great idea, Group 3: Mmm, | don’t know about that V'm afraid | don’t like the idea, Hm not in favour of it 4b Listen again and tick (v) the expressions you hear. Then look at Audio script 4.6 on page 168 and find one other expression for each category. SELECTING AN ENGLISH LANGL \GE PROGRAMME 5a Work in groups of four. You are members of the Human Resources department of IMA and are going to decide on the English language programme. Student A: turn to page 156. Student B: turn to page 161 Student C: turn to page 163. Student D: turn to page 135. Follow this procedure. 1 Discuss the options for English language training. Try to persuade the members of your group that your option is the best. You want the charity to spend most of the budget on your option. 2 Listen to all the arguments. Then, as a group, agree on the English language programme for the first year, 5b Present your group’s programme to the class. Then vote on the best as a class. 43| | 44 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS STUDY SKILLS DESCRIBING CHARTS AND TABLES 1 Where do you usually see charts and tables in your everyday life? How often do you need to look at or use ‘them? For what reasons? 2 Match the percentages and the fractions. 1 67% a just under a quarter 2 32% b just over two thirds 3 75% slightly less than a third 4 23% just over half 5 52% © exactly) three quarters 6 ¥ more than three quarters 7 8 approximately three quarters 8 h almost half 3 Answer the questions. 1 Which of the following is a majority? 232% b 24% 77% 2 Which of the following is a minority? a21% 63% 91% 4 Look at the table showing results from 100 student questionnaires at a university language centre last year and this year on student satisfaction in two areas: teaching and facilities (buildings, rooms, equipment). astyear Thisyear Last year This . year Very 51 65 32 10 satisfied Sali 24+ 3g 52 Quite 10 6 20 25. satisfied Not oat 8 2 satisfied No 3 3 2 1 opinion Look at the results for last year. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false statements. 1 Approximately half the stuclents were very satisfied with the teaching 2. Ten percent of the students were quite satisfied with the facilites. 3 Just under two thirds of the students were very satisfied with the facilities. 4 Almost a quarter of the stuclents were satisfied with the facilities. 5 The majority was very satisfied or satisfied with teaching and facilities. 6 Asmall minority had no opinion about teaching and facilities. 7 More than a quarter weren't satisfied with the teaching and facilities. 5 Look at the results for this year: Work with a partner and write some true/false statements like in Exercise 4. Give them to another pair to answer, then check their answers. This year almost two thirds of students were very satisfied with the teaching. © Look at the chart below for 20 seconds and choose the best summary. a. This chart shows the number of native and second language speakers of some different languages. b This chart shows the percentage of speakers of a ‘number of different languages over some years © This chart compares the number of native speakers of important world languages at two different poin's in time This chart shows some changes in eight languages and the number of native speakers from fifty years ago and now. Approximate number of native speakers of languages 50 years ago and today 1 ilion 9001000,000 8000000000. 700,000,000 600.000,000, 500,000,000 400,000,000. 300,000,000. 200,000,000. 100,000,000 Wi Today 150 years ago> Compiere me report with the words and phrases ag a the approximate number e however b approximately F over the period © a significant increase 8 overall there were no figures given The bar chart shows ! of speakers of different languages in the world now and fifty years ago.?_ the chart demonstrates that the number of speakers of all languages have increased over the period. Fifty years ago there were __200 million speakers of Chinese. This has increased to the present figure of almost a billion. There were also 200 million speakers of English fifty ‘years ago, but this figure has only increased to 370 million. ln addition, there has been * in the number of Spanish speakers from 100 million fity years ago to around 400 million today. Similarly there were increases in the umber of Russian and Japanese speakers. In contrast, there were 100 million speakers of German fifty years ago, but this figure has remained almost the same * ® __ for speakers of Hindi and Arabic fifty years ago. *___, at present there are about 300 million speakers of Hindi and 280 million speakers of Arabic WRITING SKILLS A REPORT 8a You have been asked to write a report fora university lecturer describing the information shown in the chart on the right. In pairs or small groups, answer these questions. ™ 1 What percentage of the population of Australia uses English asa first language? 2 Which country has the highest percentage that uses English as a second language? 3 Which country in the chart has the highest combined percentage of speakers of English? 8b Look at the other countries in the chart and make statements about their use of English as a first and second language. 9a Look at the chart again and complete the sentences, In Malaysia almost a third of the population [9] There were no figures given for OF Overall, the chart demonstrates that six countries in the chart have a majority of GF This chart shows the percentage of people from a umber of countries who O The country with the lowest percentage of speakers of English as a frst language Oi in South Africa, just under a quarter of Li tis also interesting that in Barbados and New Zealand . Compared to the 97% of speakers of English as a first language in the UK , in the USA the percentage 1 The percentage of speakers of English as a second language in the USA is approximately the same as STUDY AN EN ORS, Ck ea 9b Put the sentonces in a logical order. The first and last have been numbered. 10 Look back at the report in Exercise 7. Underline the linkers (e.g. however). 11 Write a report about the information in the chart in Exercise 8. Use your sentences from Exercise 9 and. link them where you can. Use the report in Exercise 7 as a model. Percentage of population using English as a first or second language: 100 20 30 20 FS SF PF CF PP LS LE SA PSE 8 eo English as a first language fl English as a second language46 fern Seer erie) Oreo ish) A aan rd combina SCENARIO Sie Sree Sie Sees WRITING SKILLS Deron ta 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following. 11 Have you ever bought something just because of an advert? When? 2. Are there any adverts which you particularly dislike? Which one(s)? Why? 3. Think of a memorable advert. Describe it 2a Read three opinions about advertising. Are these statements true, false or partly truc? 11 Michael Hamilton says that adverts ‘must attract attention and be colourful 2. He also states that an advert should encourage us to do something. 3. Miranda Hoyles states that adverts nowadays do more than in the past. 4 Hoyles also says people like adverts that reflect everyday life 5 Christie Peterson focuses on company names, slogans and logos. 6 She says that mystery in an advert is more important than learning the product or company name. Advertising 5.1 WHAT MAKES A GOOD ADVERT? Fst of all, an advert has to be attention-grabbing and powerful, You = ie that is eye-catching, a catchy slogan, a foke or somet for desire, Ais ur attention, It also has to be eff ted, make us want the action. An ad n rsuasive. It must ge sduct and motivate us to go out and Michael Hamilton, advertising executive Advertising has changed over the years. Adverts are no longer purely Informative and focused on the product. Many of the adverts that we ate short stories telling inspirational tales that are often witty, humorous. sophisticated. People do not want to remember that life can be dull. The {to see something original and creative, The acverts take away the ordinar of everyday life and take us to somewhere exotic or romantic. Miranda Hoyles, head of US advertising agency Many people talk about advertisements that are excting and intriguing. B me, an instantly recogr >g0 is really important, Good logos have b built up so'they are recognisable, Part of what makes a good advert is a clea symbol that people immediately identify with the company A good slogan helps you make a connection. ‘Te real thing’ makes you think of Coca-Col immediately. 11 also important that your slogan does not become initatin. Christie Peterson, ilustratorn 2b Inferring opinion Work with a partner to discuss the following. Which of the people in the text do you think would agree with or say the following? Why? 1. Advertising helps people to escape from reality. 2 Strong symbols and carefully chosen words are the key to good advertising, 3 Impact is the most important aspect of advertising, 4 Being too repetitive in an advert can be dangerous. 2c Which opinion do you agree the most? VOCABULARY ADJECTIVES, ADVERTISING 3 Find adjectives in the first two texts in Exercise 2a which mean the following. attracting your attention easily unusual, attractive and noticeable amusing and enjoyable, easy 10 remember very surprising ‘works well and produces the results you want able to make people do or believe something funny and clever rot interesting or exciting imaginative, using completely new and different ideas unusual and exciting because it comes from a distant country 4 Match the words connected with advertising with their meanings. sponsorship misleading ‘commercial (n) slogan promote jingle endorse logo 1 anadvert on TV or radia 2 financial support a company gives in order to get publicity for themselves a short phrase that is easy to remember to say publicly that you support or approve of something giving the wrong idea or impression special design/symbol that a company puts on all its products or adverts to help to sell something, especially by advertising a shor, easy to remember phrase with music WHAT MAKES A GOOD ADVERT? 5a Choose the correct words. As OK, let’s brainstorm how we're going to 'promotelendorse this product. B: Well, we could get a famous celebrity, like an actor ‘ sports star to endorse it. ; ‘Az think thet would be much too expensiv *CommercialiSponsorship of a TV programme would also cost a lot. And a TV *Togo/commercial is out ‘of the question for the same reason. I've seen some great TV spots which are visually beautiful and really “eye-catching/shocking, often set in romantic or ‘dullfexotic locations. But | don’t think they've been very ‘effectivelwitty as people can’t remember the product they're advertising. B: agree, but we don’t want something ’catchy/dull and boring. Haw about advertising on the internet? ‘Would the budget run to that? A: Yes, we could stretch to that B: And would you like something mysterious and clever ‘or witty and with a(n) Seye-catching/catchy jingle? ‘A: Maybe. What I really want is something new and “duillforiginal. But most importantly, it must be “ppersuasive/misleading. It must get people to buy the product. 5b EERIE Listen and check your answers. LISTENING Listen to three people talking about different adverts and answer the questions for each extract. a What is the type of product? b> What is the brand? © Did the speaker like the advert? 6b Listen again and note down the adjectives that each speaker uses to describe the advert. Gc Which advert was the most effective? Why? SPEAKING 7a You are going to discuss some photos for use in adverts. Work in groups of four, two As and two Bs. ‘Student As: Look at the two photos on page 156. Student Bs: Look at the two photos on page 158. With your partner, discuss the following 1 Which product(s) you could use them for. 2 How you would use them for advertising 3. What slogans you would choose. 7b Now work in new pairs, A and B. Explain your advertising ideas to your new partner. a7ae MANIPULATING IMAG! IS IT ACCEPTABLE TO MANIPULATE [IMAGES IN ADVERTISING? In recent years, digitally manipulating images, or ‘photoshopping’, tas become increasingly common, particulary in the advertising industry tis now usual practice for the photos of celebrities and | | models to be retouched and altered to make them look mare. physically ‘perfect than they realy are. Photoshopping es caused a great deal of controversy over the years with those against it arguing that promotes an unrealistic and distorted image of what people particularly women, ooktke _| Butisphotosheppingas bad as many people believe? An expert ‘on fashion, Amanda Fortin, certainly does not think so. She writes articles on feshion and poplar cute forthe New York Times || and has come outstrontyin defence of photoshopping mgs. She argues thet edu women and men ar well avare that imeges of celebrities are retouched. he quotes Christine Loi, eitor oF French Marie Claire, to support opinion, ‘Our readers are nat idiots, especially when hey see those celebrities who are 50 and | | 0k 23. Her points that young people have seen programmes || abouteirbrushingon television and inthe newspaper. ig ae not without knowledge ofthe techniques advertisers use. | Fortini elso points out thet images of famous people have been, altered and exaggerated for many yeers~ this technique is not new. Ever since advertising began, images ofa beautiful, wealthy and youthful werd have been used to sell produc. We should acept that airbrushed images ae a ction, a fontesy. We should enjoy, not cee them. | Manipulated images are powerful. SBmié are subtle and BEES areinstatly recognisable as fekes. any are witty. We want 0 manipulate the world in which we live and this fs reflected _| in ourwilingness to produce and consume those images. ‘Advertisers shouldbe fee to produce whatever images HG think are beautiful and will help sel ti products So ist acceptable to manipulate images? Ofcourse its Amanda Fortin|is right. We know what images are fake, and wwe should use our etical skis when viewing images. As she | 55, ‘The problem sit altered photos, its our failure to alter our exsectations of them. 48 READING 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following, 1. What do you think of the two photos of the same person in the article? 2. Is itacceptable to manipulate images of people in advertising? 2 You are going to read a FoR and AGAINsT article in = magazine on the above topic. Work in pairs. Student A: Read the FoR text on this page. Student B: Read the aGAINsr text on page 158. Scan your texts and find out what it says about these people. Then share your information with your partner. 1 Amanda Fortini 2 Julia Roberts 3 Kate Winslet 4 Britney Spears 5 Christine Loiritz 6 Brad Pitt Chuck Close 3a Read your text again and make notes on the key points. 3b Work with your partner. Using only your notes, summarise your text for your partner. 4 Evaluating arguments Which arguments do you think are stronger —roR or AGAINST? Why? 5 Text reference Look at the For text again and dec who or what the highlighted words refer to. VOCABULARY WORDS WITH A SIMILAR MEANING 6a Look at these verbs from the texts connected to ‘change’. Match them to their meanings below. alter enhance manipulate distort exaggerat to improve something to skilfully control or move something to change to change the shape or sound of something to make something seem better, larger, worse, etc than it realy is 6b Complete the sentences with an appropriate for= of the verbs in Exercise 6a. Use each verb only once. 1 Her face had not much over the years. 2 You can photos using various software programmes. 3. Tall buildings can____radio signals. 4 Benitez said everyone hated him, but he was 5 Salt____the flavour of food.LISTENING 7a TEBE Listen to a conversation between a ‘web designer and two photographers and answer the questions. 1 What kind of photographs do they take? 2 Where do they take their photographs? 3. Do the photographers havea website at the moment? 7b Listen again and complete the sentences. 1 Ifwe ___an invitation to a ceremony in Papua New Guinea, we'll go there right away fora great shoot. 2 We'd design the website ourselves if we enough time. 3 ifwe ___quickly, we'll limit the damage. 4 ewe make the sea bluer, the picture look even better. 5 lf1___ you, fd use this photo as your main image. 6 lf Thad the colsple’s number on me,1___give them a call now. 7 What you do if you had an unlimited budget? 7 In groups, discuss how you would design the photographers’ website. MANIPULATING 3 IMAGES GRAMMAR SECOND CONDITIONAL Ba Look at these sentences from the conversation. Ifwe act quickly, we'll limit the damage. We'd design the website ourselves if we had enough time. Now complete the statements below using the words in the box. will present simple unlikely would likely past simple 1 We use the first conditional to talk about things that are __to happen. 2 We use the second conditional to talk about things that are ___to happen. 3° We form the first conditional with: f+ _, + infinitive. 4 We form the second conditional with: if + _ + infinitive. 8b Look at the sentences in Exercise 7b and find an example of the following. 1. if + past simple + modal 2a set phrase with If were you + would 8c Look at the sentences in Exercise 7b again and choose the correct words in these statements. 1. tis likely / unlikely they will get an invitation to Papua New Guinea They have / don’t have enough time. Itis likely / unlikely they will act quickly. Itis likely / unlikely they will make the sea bluer. This phrase is used / not used to give advice, The speaker has / does not have the phone number. The speaker has / does not have an unlimited budget. ‘> Language reference and extra practice pages 134-135 In second conditional sentences, would can be replaced with could to mean ‘would be able to’. uss these questions in groups. Would you be offended if someone photoshopped you? Who would you most like to look like, if you could? ‘What is the first thing you would change about your life if you had a lot of money? 4 Who would you most like to meet if you could meet anyone? 5 Who would you most like to help if you had a lot of money? 6 Ifyou could go (ot go back) to university, what ‘would you study? 7 What would you have for dinner today if you could choose anything you wanted? SPEAKING 10 in small groups, discuss this question. Should cosmetic surgery on people under the age of ‘twenty-one be made illegal? wea 49ADVERTISING AND CHILDREN i READING T What products are most commonly featured in adverts for children? How are they advertised? 2a Read the article quickly and say which of the following are not mentioned in the text. the time children spend watching television the ways in which advertisers can reach children the dangers of advertising to children how different countries control advertising products that are not allowed to be advertised in different countries 2b Read the article again and find the following. 1. three examples of ways in which advertisers. reach children 2 three serious problems with advertising for children 3. four countries that impdse controls on advertising for children 4 three countries that used to have no governmental controls on advertising to children 5 three examples of how countries approach the control of advertising to children differently 3 Responding to the topic Work with a partner to discuss the following. 1 Do you agree that advertising should not be aimed at children? Why2Why not? 2. In the text there ate a number of approaches to controlling advertising for children, Which is the best? 3. In your opinionsshould some products not be advertised at all? If so, which? VOCABULARY WORD COMBINATIONS 4 Look at the article again and find the words below. Which other words do they combine with? Is each combination adjective + noun or noun + noun? managers (line 2) target (line 5) commercials (line 13) cartoons (line 18) message (line 27) sums (line 31) food (line 31) products (line 34) websites (line 40} ‘Complete the sentences so they are true for you. I think advertising managers should I think junk food is Nike/don’t like TV commercials that ‘Companies should not spend vast sums of money on BUNS CeVoueune Anew report has concluded that advertising managers are becoming increasingly interested i children, Studies show that children influence about 50 percent of things that families buy, so they are an attractive target for advertisers. Unfortunately some companies have increased their advertising » children for many of their leaStinuttitious product John Taylor, the author of the report and a lectur= at the Department of Media and Communications the University of West London, says: ‘Advertisers can reach their target in many ways, They can, for example, show an advert many times during school holidays, they can make the TV commercials a little) louder than the programmes to attract attention, ‘or they can sponsor programmes and show their commercials just before the programme begins.’ Most advertisements aimed at children are short, imaginative and often in the form of animated cartoons ‘Children love the adverts and watch them in the sam: way as any entertainment programme, Taylor says. There are concerns about advertising aimed at yours people. The concerns are shared by Sarah Durham, a writer and journalist specialising in media analysis. T= ‘most worrying thing is that children do not think carefully when they see television advertisements. The are 1@5s critical than adults and do not usually realise that the advert has a persuasive message, to encour ‘them or their parents to spend as much money as possible on the product or service,’ she saysThere are also concerns over the vast sums of money that junk food ‘manufacturers spend on advertising to persuade children to buy their food products. Many advertisements, argues Durham, promote food thatis* allot higher in fat, salt and sugar than healthier alternatives. ‘Many companies target children with offers of free toys, ‘models of cartoon characters, gimmicky Packaging and interactive websites, In most western countries, there are a lot ‘more adverts during children’s TV for food than any other type of product, and ‘these are mainly for confectionery, sweetened breakfast cereals and fast food restaurants’ Government approaches to controlling advertising to children vary. In Sweden, one of the strictest countries where advertising is concerned, TV advertising to children under the age of 12 is banned. Greece bans television advertisements for children’s toys between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. Other countries, such as Denmark and the Netherlands, also have strict legal controls. Some countries are notigs certain as the Swedes that advertising to children is harmful, For example, the French have argued that children need to see ‘many advertisements so that they can develop their ability to think as they grow up. The belief is that advertising will help children to be moreaware of its persuasive power. However, even countries who have in the past Preferred not to have legal controls, are now getting tougher. France has banned adverts for mobile phones to the under 12s, The UK has now banned junk food adverts in shows aimed at children under 15, and Germany has banned adverts making ‘direct offers’ to children, This all means that there is little hope that the situation will be resolved by any kind of cross-European regulations. “Because some countries are much more Telaxed than others about advertising to children, the European Union is unable at present to have a common approach to the problem. Until the majority of member states are a5 SUr@as the Swedes of the harmful nature of advertising, the current indecision will continue,’ concludes Taylor, | I ! | i ADVERTISING AND CHILDREN GRAMMAR COMPARISON 6 Look at the comparative forms highlighted in the text. Complete these statements using the words in the box. alittle “er less least most not as as (x3) much more alot -est more 11 We make the comparative of one-syllable adjectives by adding ____ to the adjective. With most longer adjectives we put before the adjective, 2. We make the superlative of one-syllable adjectives by adding to the adjective, With most longer adjectives we put before the adjective. 3 Weuse ___or __ to emphasise a large difference. 4 We use to emphasise a small difference. 5 Weuse + adjective + to say there is no difference, 6 Weuse + adjective + to say there is a difference, 7 Weuse to make an adjective weaker. 8 We use ithe) _+ adjective to show the smallest amount (the opposite of most “Language reference and extra practice pages 134-135 7 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. Coca-Cola is the most biggest seller of soft drinks to children, Children’s teeth are a much more bad than they were ten years ago. This computer game is so expensive as that one. These trainers are much more better than those ones. The new ZX radio-controlled car is lot faster that the 2012 version. Coffee is just as tastior as tea, ‘When it comes to children, health is the more important thing in the world, 8 Children like the cereals that are the less healthy for them, 9 The ad wasn’t as good I expected. SPEAKING 8a Work in groups of three. You are a family (mother, father, son) and you want to buy a quad bike (a motorbike with four wheels) for the 16-year-old son, Student A (father): Turn to page 156. Student B (mother): Turn to page 158. Student C (son): Turn to page 160. 8b Look at the table on page 159, which has information about four different quad bikes. As a family, compare the four bikes, talking about the small and big differences and the things that are the same. Try to agree on which bike to buy. - CE | Watch an interview with Vena Raffle about the work of the UK Advertising Standards Authority. Turn to page 151 for video activities. 511 Read the situation below. Work with a partner and look at this list. Which factors do you think B-Kool should use to choose the advertising agency? Rank them in order of importance (1 = most important, 5 = least important). + how good the presentation by the agency is, + how good their ideas are for the advertising + how enthusiastic they seem to be about the drink + how much the agency will charge for the campaign ‘+ how well known the agency is B-Kool is a soft drinks manufacturer, based in New Orleans, USA. The company is going to introduce a new drink to the market soon, which will appeal to the eight to fourteen-year-old age group. The drink is made from a mixture of exotic fruits. When it was tested, young people used three words to describe its qualities: resh, delicious, healthy. There will be an intemational advertising ‘campaign to launch the new product. The marketing department has asked three advertising agencies to present their ideas for the campaign. B-Kool will choose one of the agencies to plan and. catry out the campaign, 2a Listen to the Marketing Director, Amy Che= talking to Larissa Klein, head of an advertising agency ‘What five points does Amy Chen want the agency t cover in their presentation? 2b Listen again. Complete the notes that Larissa Kle= made during the conversation. Use one or two words in each gap. Points to cover in the presentation Soe ee eae - Name of Arink? - Slogan? - Packaging: Can or bottle? Design,’ and? 7 - How to advertise? *____ during children's television? Children's magazines? Use the *___? One TY commercial or * __, one for each country? *___ spots? If yes, what time of day? Whar sort of programme fo" 7 - Ideas for promoting the drink, og. * in schools or offer 2 with Phe Jogo on them?KEY LANGUAG! THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATIONS GIVING A FORMAL PRESENTATION 3a [EE Larissa Klein and two colleagues make a 4a Work in small groups. Each group represents an Presentation to the marketing department of B-Kool. _advertising agency. Choose a name for your agency, Listen to the beginning of the presentation and then discuss your ideas for an advertising campaign to ‘complete the phrases. launch the new drink. ee ae Emilio Sanchez on 42 Make your presentation to the other groups. Each (ceded ne ary (ar Reo AE person in your group should present one part of the 2 Our —— {so present some ideas for your Presentation. Use the following structure for your, rete pace presentation. 3. Our presentation _ aa three parts. ¢ ‘name of the new drink 4 Ifyou we'llbe pleased to + slogan for the drink answer them at the end of our presentation. * design of the packaging * how to advertise the drink — what media to use 3b [ER Listen to the next part of the presentation * special promotions and complete the phrases. 5 Fe ‘, Bisse susuid civarseutjoei: Asa class, discuss the presentations. Which one was East ne ee the design ofthe can, the mostntetesting/eretive/persua Referring to an illustration: 2 Please 3c [ERM Listen to the end of the presentation and complete the phrases. Ending a presentation: 1 Now, letme points. 2° Thank you very much 3. Are there expect to find the following? Match the phrases to the headings in Exercises 3a-c. 1 Now, Ill sum up. 2 I'm going to talkto you about our advertising campal 3. Hello everyone, thanks for coming to my presentati That's all | have to say. Emilio will now show another design for the can. This brings me to my next point. Karl will now talk about our promotions. This is how I'd like to organise my talk, Thanks for listening to my tak. 3d In which section of the presentation would you a54 STUDY SKILLS is — - — once CRITICAL THINKING Listen to an expert talking about critical thinking. Make notes under Should TV advertisements these headings. 5 see © Whatis critical thinking? or unhealthy products © What do critical thinkers doz ? ‘+ Why is critical thinking important for eeu academic studies? + Whyisitan important skill for everyone? rohetveu ve head allow advertising for tobacco produets. Some people ‘now want to go further and ban advertisements for 2 Work with your partner and decide = other unh under which heading the following Fi Bohworleseithial partners euminratiee [ many countries, there are already laws which do not, thy products such as alcohol and junk food. This is undoubtedly the right way forward for statements belong. | governments.There ate strong arguments for banningTV CRITICAL THINKERS DO adventising of these products. The benefits of doing this CRITICAL THINKERS DON'T greatly outweigh the disadvantages. 1 identity a writer’s purpose and opinion. |? Itis clearly desirable to limit TV advertisements of 2. question every statement or fact in a text fast food. Itis widely known that the rate of obesity 3 question beliefs, opinions and ideas has increased significantly in western countries. For which are in a text. example, obesity is second only to smoking as a cause 4 think that Wikipedia is the most reliable online source of information. 5 distinguish between facts and opinions. 6 look for evidence which supports arguments oF opinions. 7 always keep the same opinion when reading a text> 8 always read a text to find opinions that are the same as their own. of death in the United States. In that country, the food industry spends over $33 billion per year to advertise food products that are considered to be junk food, Drinking alcohol is also very unhealthy. It results in wide range of diseases. If children see fewer adverts on TV of people doing these activities, they are much less likely to try to imitate their behaviour. Opponents of banning advertising argue that people 9 look for the main argument and key know what they must do to be healthy. Ina free ideas in a text. i ‘society, people must be able to choose whether to 10 pay careful attention tothe style and buy 2 product. They say that if a product is legal, tone of a text. businesses should be able to sell and advertise it. 11 believe that their own beliefs and values are always right. 12. accept a writer’ ideas just because he or she is well known, However, it is the government which has to deal with the consequences of people buying unhealthy products. The cost of healthcare for those who have unhealthy habits, such as smoking, drinking alcohol and eating junk food is enormous. Therefore, itis clearly the duty ‘of a government to prevent the behaviour by banning You think about the topic. Discuss this. -—_ television commercials of such products question insmall groups! Another reason why people are against banning Should TV advertisements for unhealthy | _TV advertisements for unhealthy products is that peter manufacturing the products creates jobs and brings in large amounts of tax for governments. However, 4 Quickly read the essay. On first surely this is a false argument. The money invested impression, do you generally agree or in making these unhealthy products could be used disagree with the writer? for more worthwhile businesses such as those which improve our environment. Furthermore, it is not right for governments to make money from acti which harm its citizens. To conclude, itis the responsibility of governments / 0 prevent people from damaging their health. Laws | __ to ban TV advertisements of unhealthy products are beneficial to society. They help to save lives and improve the health of a nation 3 You are going to critically read an essay. Before doing so, decide whatSTUDY AND RITING SKILLS. 5a You are now going to practise ‘thinking critically’ about a text. Read the essay again and answer the questions below. Looking at the text: 1 Identify and underline the main opinion of the writer. 2 What facts ithings that cannot be debated) does the writer use to support his opinion? 3 What statements, if any, in paragraph 2 do you question? 4 Identify and underline opinions of people who do not agree with the writer. Why does the writer mention these? 5 What is the style and tone of this article? Is it persuasive, objective, biased or critical? 6 Find words or phrases in the text that the writer uses to persuade you to accept his point of view, e.g, uncloubtedly (para 1, line 5). Thinking about the topic: 7 Do you agree with the writer or with people who are against banning unhealthy products? 8 What other products (if any) do you think should not be shown in TV adverts? 5b Work in small groups to compare and discuss your answers to Exercise 5a. WRITING SKILLS AN OPINION-LED ESSAY 6 Complete the description below with the words in the box. weaknesses disadvantages correct opinion persuasive There are two comman kinds of discursive essay. The first kind of essay does not generally include a strong '_. It presents the advantages and?__ of an action or contains different ideas and facts about a topic. Itis called a ‘for and against’ essay. The second type of essay is an ‘opinion-led’ essay. The writer expresses his oF her opinion strongly on a controversial topic. He or she argues strongly that their opinion is?___, and the style and tone of the text is ‘__. Iman opinion-led essay, the writer may introduce ‘opposing opinions, but this is usually to show their * 7 Read the statements about opinion-led essays. Which two statements are Nor generally considered good practice? 1 In your first paragraph, you may rephrase the essay question. 2. Itisa good idea to copy several phrases from the essay question. 3° After the frst paragraph, you use some paragraphs to give reasons for your opinions. 4 Ibis not necessary to give evidence for your statements, for example by quoting people or referring to surveys. 5 You present arguments, showing that you disagree with something or question whether itis right © In your last paragraph, you restate your opinion, so it links with the opening paragraph. 8 Look at the essay again’ and find an expression to add to the groups below. Giving an opinion In my opinion Personally I think... Heel strongly that... Sera) Giving facts Thete ivare definitely Itis well known that Itis true that... eo.) Giving reasons and results This is because Asa result, (para 3) ‘Adding a surprising fact / ‘an opposing argument Nevertheless (On the other hand is (para 3 & 4) Using persuasive language clearly . undoubtedly . —___{para 4) ‘Adding information What’s more ... In addition Moreover... sae SS gars) Concluding In conclusion, Itis clear that . __(para 5) 9a Planning your essay Choose one of the topics for an opinion-led essay. Decide what your opinion is. Note your reasons for your opinion and any evidence to support your point of view. Think of arguments against your opinion. ‘+ To what extent do you think people are influenced by TV advertisements? © There are too many unacceptable methods in advertising today. * Businesses should not be allowed to advertise on social networks. 9b Use the following structure to plan your essay. Write a maximum of 300 words. * Introduction (Introduce the subject and your opinion.) ‘+ Main body 0 the essay ~ reasons and evidence (Most important ideas come first. Mention opposing opinions, but attack them!) * Conclusion (Summarise and restat your opinion.) 5556 VOCABULARY Qetomhret) SCENARIO lier tion: ea STUDY SkILIS eri WRITING SKILLS EDUCATION AND STUDYING 1 Work with a partner to discuss these questions about education in your country. Check that you know all the words in italics. 1. What age do children usually start primary (or elementary) school? 2 What age do children usually start and leave secondary school? 3. What age does compulsory education start? At what age does it finish? Do you think these are the correct ages? 4 Is there both state (public) education and private ‘education? Which is better? Why? 5 Do most people go on to higher education? Why? Why not? Do they have to pay? 6 Areexams or continuous assessment more common? Which is the better way of monitoring progress? Why? 7 Do many students start and then drop out of courses in your country? Education 6.1 EDUCATION ISSUES 2 Look at the phrases below. Which two nouns in each group are correct? Cross out the incorrect noun and write the correct collocation for this noun. You ‘may need to change the verb or the preposition, 1 goto school / epleceat university / college get a place at university revise for an exam /a subject / a test graduate from university / primary school /high sci get a degree /a good grade / an exam take/tetake homework / an exam /a course pass/fail an exam / a course / a good result hand in an essay / a seminar / an assignment do progress / coursework / your best make mistakes / progress / homework study an exam /a subject / a language 3a Listen to three people talking about their education experiences. Is each Person positive, negative or neutral? 1 3b Listen again and tick (v) the collocations in Exercise 2 you hear. 3c In small groups, ask and answer questions using the collocations above. How do/did you revise for exams?READING 4a Read the comments from an online discussion. Which comments are for mixed-sex schools, which are against, and which are neither for nor against? 4b Read the comments again and find nouns which mean the following. 1. sets of numbers which represent a fact (comment 2) 2 the subjects at a school, college, etc. (comment 4) 3 _ staying away from school without permission (comment 4) 4 upsetting and irightening someone smaller and ‘weaker, especially in a school situation (comment 5) 4c Match the people in the discussion to the followit Which person believes: 8 1. that mixed schools are less competitive? 2 that there is proof that single-sex schools are more successful? 3. that school should be the same as real life? 4 that the problem isn’t whether a school is single sex or mixed? 5 that single-sex education caters for girls and oys better? ie Newsline: the online news service FINESSE! Sinole-sex schools are fetter than mixed schools Comment 7 POSTED BY JANE, AMSTEROAM I think mixed-sex schools are the only Way for children to leam, because its natural In higher education and their working life, they wll be mixed so it makes sense for them to be mixed at school. School should reflect the real world Comment 2 POSTED BY HANS, GERMAN My reaction to this is very clear. For me, single-sex schools are much better, and the statistics show that they get better exam result, particularly at secondary evel Anything which helps children pass exams must be a good thing. Comment POSTED BY BL, USA Boys and girls learn in very different Comment & POSTED BY MARTIN, LONDON My view on this that it doesn’t really matter. What is important is the curriculum and keeping students interested. | was a teacher, and we of the opinions in the discussion do you agree with? Which do you disagree with? Why? SPEAKING AND WRITING © Work in groups to discuss the following. 1. Schools should spend more time teaching the skills people need to get a job. 2. Education is basically a social experience. The atmosphere is the most important thing. 3. There should be no private education. All children should attend state schools/universities. 4 The purpose of secondary education is to prepare you for life, 5. Examination results are the most important aspect of education, 6 Academic achievement depends mainly on your teacher. 7 Teachers should be paid according to the exam results of their students. 8 Sport is the most important subject at school 7 Write a comment giving your opinion on one of the statements in Exercise 6 for the Newsline website. SIGNIN 7 ERSTER A Comment 5 ~._ POSTED BY EMILY, SYDNEY Mixed schools are better, theres 110 question. There is too much ‘competition at single-sex schools, which often means that students don't make enough progress. | also think ‘there is more bullying at single-sex schools, where children are picked on. because of the increased competition Single-sex schools lead to a ‘dog eat dog situation. ways. I feel that they should be ‘educated separately so teachers can focus on their different needs. The way | see itis that if you have a z00, you don't put the lions in with the zebras! hada lot of truancy to deal with and problems with students missing lessons because they found them boring. Never havea timetable with Maths as the first class on Monday morning! = Comments 1-5 of 5LISTENING AND WRITING Ta KEE Listen to a university student talking about a teacher. Does he say the teacher was good or bad? Tb Look at the adjectives in the box. Then listen agai and tick (v) the ones he uses to describe the teacher. friendly informal easy-going strict late formal well-prepared interesting punctual 2 Find the words below in Audio script 6.2 on page 169 and underline the phrase they appear in. Try to work ut the meaning from the context. Use your dictionary to find the meanings of any you do not know. criticise unique approach environment pace method 3 Tell your partner about your favourite/worst teacher at school. Write a short profile (80-100 words) of him or her. Use Audio script 6.2 on page 169 to help you. READING ; 4a Read the article and say what the following d: refer to. 1870 1952 1896 1912, 1936 4b Evaluating a summary Read the article again and correct the four mistakes in this summary. ‘Maria Montessori pioneered a new teaching method she graduated as a nurse in 1896, and taught deprives children, She tried to use everyday objects in the class and she wanted the children to develop social skills with each other and learn to be competitive. She taug children to experiment and to depend on the teacher, that the main role of a teacher is to lead children, Throws her book and her teacher training centres, she helped spread the method, and today there are many Montess schools in Europe and North America. Bcd Maria Montessori (1870-1952) is a famous Itallan educationalist whose method of teaching has influenced people all over the world, Bom in the province of Ancona, tay, In 1870, Montessori became the first female doctor in her country after she ‘greduated ftom medical schoo! in 1896 Later, working with deprived children, she set up a‘Chilcren’s House’ (Casa ei Bambini) in Rome. This was the place were she develoned the Montessori Method, an educational system that encourages an informal style of teaching. Children learn from handling everyday materials, and they develop at their own pace. The Montessori philosophy is simple 58 Ciearescay CCC rt Children are unique individuals who must be free to learn without being criticised or restricted. It Ie the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class ‘or the teacher. As a result, children enjoy learning, and this gives them confidence and makes them happy. ‘The Montessori Method also teaches children skills to help them become independent. Very young children learn to dress themselves, to cook ‘and to put their toys and clothes ‘way. Children are encouraged to repeat activities as often as they wish, and they develop their observation skills by doing different activities, ‘Montessori teacher observes children closely in order to provide them with individual learning programmes. The teacher is a guide, ot a leader of the classroom, helping to open students’ eyes to the wonders ‘around them Maria Montessori wanted to free children’s minds so that they would lean by self-teaching and self- correction. It is an approach to teaching which encourages children to learn by doing and experimenting. ‘Atypical room In @ Montessori schoo! has many things children can use, for example, books, objects and games. irecng ‘The furniture is light so they can arrange itas they wish, and the cabinets are low, so the children can reach them. Because the environment offers a range cof activities, children Ike to work togetbe {and they develop a social ife based on ‘cooperation rather than competion. Maria Montessori travelled all over the world, training teachers to use her ‘method, but it was only in her final year when she established the teacher- training centres that would take her wor forward. There are now many schoo's in Europe and North America which use the Montessori curriculum and methods ‘She wrote The Montessori Method in 1912 and The Secret of Childhood in 1936.4c Answer these questions about the article. 1 What is the main role of the children in the Montessori approach? 2 Why did Montessori want to open the minds of her students? 3. How have the funiture and cabinets been designed in a Montessori classroom and why? 4 What point does the writer make about the children’s social life? 5. Work in paits to discuss the following. 1. How does the Montessori approach compare with the way you were educated? 2. ‘Children are unique individuals who must be free to learn without being criticised or restricted.” Do you agree? Why2/Why not? GRAMMAR DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 6a Look at the following sentence from the text. The words in bold are a defining relative clause. ‘tis an approach to teaching which encourages children . Now find and underline the relative clauses in the text that contain the following relative pronouns and adverbs. which who that whose where when 6b Which relative pronouns or adverbs do we use to talk about the things below? people things or ideas people + possessionsvideas places time ‘> Language reference and extra practice pages 136-137 7 Match the sentence halves and join them using who, thai, which, whose, where or when. A professor in a British university is someone A university isan institution A thesis is a long piece of writing A seminar is a class at university/college ‘An academic is someone A vacation is a period of the year universities or colleges are officially closed has the highest rank of the teachers in a department. you do as part of a university degree. students study for degrees and academic research is done. teaches and does research in a college or university. the teacher and students discuss a particular topic. aoe aUaEN MONTESSORI MMAR We can leave out the relative pronoun (e.g, that) if the verb in the relative clause has a subject (in this, case children). A typical room in a Montessori school has many things that children can use. A ypical room in a Moniessori school has many things children can use, 8 Underline the subject and object in the following sentences. Then cross out the relative pronoun where possible. 11 Stuclents who enter university may face a number of problems 2 Is your degree worth the paper that itis written on? 3. There are university tutors who you can phone if you have a problem, 4 The university which | go to is very good 5. People who have degrees have a better chance at interviews. 9 Complete the following sentences. ‘The person who influenced me most at school was . A day when my life changed was ‘The subject at school which I hated the most was I dislike people who ... Hike days when I like teachers who .. [ike films which Like lessons in which SPEAKING 10 Timed discussion In small groups, take it in turns to choose a topic from below and lead the discussion ‘on that topic for three minutes. + Children should be allowed to choose what they are going to do in school * Children need to learn facts, not play games. + Private education should be abolished. * All people have roughly the same level of intelligence. + The learner’ job is to absorb the knowledge teachers give them. + Corporal punishment is always wrong, WG Mert THE EXPER Watch an interview with Rob | Gueterbock, a Montessori teacher, about the Montessori method of education. ‘Tum to page 152 for video activities.READING 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following. | 1. Is university free in your country? 2. Do you know any countries in which university is free for everyone? 3 Do you know any countries where students have to take out big loans to pay for their education? 2a Read the article quickly and find three reasons why the writer thinks that university should be free for everyone. | 2b Read the article again and match the summary sentences below to the paragraphs 1-5. Some poor people will not go to university if costs are high, b University should be free because it is 00d for society as a whole ¢ David Keller isin favour of a rise in university fees. University should be free because of economic reasons. © University should be free because it | promotes greater equality. 3 Challenging opinions Work in pairs. Find the four opinions in the article that you find the mostinteresting. Then think of four counter-arguments to those opinions. 1. Is itworth going to university if fees are high? , 2 What percentage of the population should go to university? 3 Do you think university should be free for everyone? | 4 in small groups, discuss the following, SHOULD UNIVERSITY BE FREE? THE UNIVE! SITY NEV tudent newspaper of te HONE | NEWS | OPINION | SPORT | TRAVEL | FEATURES | BLOGS Free University Education Jessica Brook eS ofr peop. Pele vi oa crbrcuaasenes tho toowlego wi tts fennbed gna cinerea) aoonior ae nunbor of ope wo bere terecuetor abo So itis right that society, WHE (her euatea propio snes hee ae ci The te economia Higher eceaton poo aaa ectreis! and quien etl Couroo with hate Srey evi nae Hah seve of oocreaen ae They vac tren ee as nat are temore fis foticnaiees Scale ease crea wacamnce ell Sea one va borere nancy 7 sal See Sees People ke Dav Keto on Thome felony eS ay pone you oe * A few weoks ago, David Keller, en fo go to private seh wrote a column in News Focus ‘supporting a further increase in university fees. His attitude, motivated me to explain why | fee! strongly that university should be fee for everyone, Thore ere a number of reasons for my opinion. First, greater equality Free university education enables everyone to have the opportunity to study. If there are tution fees, students have to take out big loans to finance thelr stuaes, They will tke years to pay back the money. When they graduate, instead of working for their future, they will be working to pay back their past. Young people from oor backgrounds are less able to {get into debi, but students whose Parents are rich can pay off their loans more easily. Tuition fees, therefore, are very unfair. Free Lniversity education will be a step towards a more equal sacicly. Second, the benefits for society ‘Young people who graduate benefit society as a whole, They se their knowledge and skills to help other people. For example, will be put off by the high cost studying at university even iio are available, Their talent will lost to our country, Free univers education isa right, not 2 privilege. It would bring enormous benefit to our society. S0APRELGRAMMAR NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 5a_Lookat these examples from the article of a nnon-defining relative clause and a defining relative clause. His attitude, which was very unsympathetic to students, made me angry. People who go to university will earn more. Which relative clause: a gives exira information about the:person, thing or idea in the main clause? b gives essential information that completes the ‘meaning of the sentence? 5b Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining relative clauses in the article and choose the correct answers in the rules for this type of relative clause. Non-defining relative clauses: 1 have do-not have commas before them, and after them if necessary. 2 do/ do not use that. Non-defining relative clauses can come in the middle or at the end of the sentence: Barbara, who spent three years at university in Cambridge, 's going back to live there. Barbara is going back to live in Cambridge, where she spent three years at university. Language reference and extra practice pages 136-137 © Read the sentences and put commas where necessary. 1. Oxford University “{which was number four in world university rankings last year {has fallen to number eight. : 2. Jobn F Kennedy went to Harvard University which isthe Coldest institution of higher education in the United States. 3 Jean-Jacques Rousseau who was bor in 1712 set out his views on education in his book Emile 4 The Kumon method for teaching Maths was developed by Toru Kumon who graduated irom Osaka University. 3 Oxford’ Bodleian library which is one of the oldest braties in Furope was originally founded in 1320. 6 Heidelberg University which was founded in 1386 has its own student prison, SHOULD UNIVERSITY BE FREE? 7 Join the following pairs of sentences to make one sentence containing a non-defining relative clause. Use whose, which, who and where. Use commas appropriately. 11 American universities are now facing a lot of competition. They have attracted the world’s best students for over 50 years. ‘American universities, which have attracted the world’s best students for over 50 years, are now facing a lot of competition, 2. Last month | went back to the Sorbonne. | had studied history there. 3. There are over 39,000 students at the University of Manchester. It's the biggest university in the UK. 4 Aristotle wrote books on many subjects. He studied under Plato. 5. Hilary studied politics at Harvard. She has just been offered « professorship there. 8 Write sentences that are true for you using these prompts. Include extra information using non-defining, relative clauses. My home town ‘Manchester, which has the largest university population in the UK, is in the north west of the country. My home town My school My university ‘My mother LISTENING AND SPEAKING 9 EEE Listen to four people talking about university. Which speaker(s): 1 thinks going to university was a waste of time? 2 thinks their degree is a big advantage? 3. did not work hard? 4 doesn’t think or is unsure that their degree helped them get a job? 10a Work in groups of four. You are going to read some information about the educational system of a country. Make notes. Student A: Turn to page 156. Student C: Tum to page 160. Student B: Turn to page 159. Student D: Tum to page 162. 10b Tell your group about the educational system you have read about. Compare the different systems with the system in your country. Which system is most like yours? ‘Which would you most ike to study/have studied in?TROUBLE AT LAKESIDE SITUATION 1 Read the situation below and the extract from the Lakeside College prospectus. Work with a partner to. discuss the following. 1 Ifyou were planning to go to university, which of Lakeside College's facilities would particularly interest you? PER Weeteccr hing an ciidenn er univer ote complain about? Lakesicle College is located in Switzerland. Its a private university with a board of managers led by the Principal, Marie Laforét. There are four student representatives on the board and four staff representatives. During the last three years, serious problems have arisen. The number of students at Lakeside College has fallen from over 5,000 to 2,600, while complaints from students have greatly increased. ge (Our college has an informal, friendly atmosphere, and enjoys excellent facilities, including: areal te-of the We have an outstanding teaching staffand tutorial system. Students meet lecturers each week and have Tively discussions about the subject they are studying. 2. A student representative sends an email to Marie Laforét mentioning a number of problems that the managers need to deal with. Read the extract about two of the problems. Then work with a partner to discuss this question. Which do you think is the more serious problem? Why Ta —[email protected] In the university prospectus, it states that the university has ‘a well-stocked library’ and 'a peaceful atmosphere for studying’. Neither of these statements is true. ‘Alot of us are unhappy about the library. There are not ‘enough books in many subjects, and essential books ‘and journals are often not on the shelf where they are meant to be. Furthermore, the intemet connection is. very slow and this puts students off doing research in the library. There are also not enough sockets availa {or the students to recharge their devices. The reading rooms also ate not up to standard. The tables are too small, and there are not enough lights in some areas. ‘There is another serious problem I'd like to draw your attention to. I's about noise in the evening, It seems that some siudents have a parly every week in their rooms. The noise they make is preventing other students from studying properly, and I get the Impression the noise lovel is increasing week by weok Its not true, therefore, to say thal there is 2 ‘peaceful ‘atmosphere for studying’ in our college.“a 1 KEY LANGUAGE DISCUSSING OPTIONS 3a Listen to a meeting between two student representatives and Marie Laforét. Complete Mario's notes about the problem of noisy parties in the halls of lence. Use one or two words in each gap. = Problem 2:\ parties, make’a lok of noise, really? people = Solutions? (Marie) ~ ban parties in rooms or only »__ parties after exams (Pablo) —let each floor of the hall have one parly (May Cheng) ~ students can book a room inthe® ‘ 's solidion is best, Diseuss at next? —_ meeting, 3b Listen again. Number the expressions in the order youhearthem. 2... the good thing is that it’s fair to everyone, but the bad thing is, it wouldnt be very popular. Yes, good idea. That's the best solution. There are several ways to deal with this. The best way is to discuss the matters at our ‘Management Committee meeting, ‘Why don’t you send me notes on all the problems ..2 Let's look at our options. Supposing we let each floor of the hall have one party per semester. How about letting the students book a room in the main building ...? o a0 === ee TROUBLE AT LAKESIDE TASK PROBLEM-SOLVING 4a Work in small groups. You are members of the Management Committee. Read the problems below and choose four to discuss. 4b Asa group, discuss each problem you have chosen and try to come up with a solution. 4c Present your solutions to the rest of the class. 5 Asa class, decide on the best solution for each problem. Problems 1 Library (see Exercise 2) 2 Noisy parties (see Exercise 3a) 3 Boring lecturers Lecturers read their lectures. They do not use visual aids or provide good reading lists. Tutorials are not useful. Lecturers talk most of the time and do not encourage students to participate and ask questions. 4 Attendance at classes and lectures is poor. ‘Students miss early morning lectures. Many students fail their degree because of poor attendance. § Facilities The swimming pool, tennis. courts and gym are not well maintained. The swimming pool is often unsupervised. New, more moder gym equipment is needed urgently. 6 Bullying A new student, Camilla, has | ‘complained that @ senior member of staff is bullying her. He makes fun of her in tutorials and is not interested in her opinions. She is unhappy and wants to leave the college. In the past, other students have complained of the lecturer's attitude and behaviour. 7 Cheating and plagiarism This has increased in recent years. Students pass information to each other in examinations and buy essays on the internet. Lecturers say that some students copy material directly from the intemet without giving references.Hi Shekema Silveri is the chair of the English Department at Mt. Zion High School in Jonesboro, USA. People who are against distance learning give several reasons for opposing it: Iack of face-to-face contact between student and teacher: problems with technology resources (ie. equipment and. broadband internet) for low-income and rural students; insufficient teacher training, In my experience, however, these problems can be solved by better teacher preparation and by gaining the essential technology skills before starting the actual coursework. I have found distance learning to be very valuable to the classes that I teach. In fact, “classroom is almost completely paperless. ‘My students use lectures from the OER Commons (@ free internet resource) to support our curriculum. For example, by using Dr Paul Fry’s introduction to theory of literature course, we can bring the knowledge of Yale University to our study programme. STUDY SKILLS READING STRATEGIES 1 There are two common techniques you can use when getting information from a text: skimming and scanning. Read the definitions, then answer the questions. Skimming. You use skimming to get a general idea of a text. For example, you look through a text quickly to find out what the topic is and its main idea. Scanning You use scanning to find key words or specific points ina text. In most cases, you know what you are looking for, so you're focusing on finding a particular answer. Which technique would you use to find: 1. the general opinion of a hotel from several online guest reviews? 2a writer's opinion in a report on the future of distance learning? 3. aversion ofa popular song on YouTube by a singer you liket 4 waticle Wa magarine which was imeresting and worth reading? 5 the score of your favourite team in a list of football results? 6 the cheapest price of a book from a range of prices in an online bookstore? 64 ae ‘The knowledge and growth ‘We use Skype for our writers’ conferences and Global Speakers Series, which brings guest speakers from around the world into our classroom space. Even our literature study groups are done online now by using Collaborize Classroom and Google Does for group projects ‘Our course blog, ‘In Session: Sentiments from Silveri’s Class’, is an important space for writing and research, and it allows me to intraduce videos presentations and other documents, My students can complete most of their coursework outside of class. The classroom time is reserved for further writing, discussion and debate. Our blog also has a ClustrMap. This shows us that students from all over the world visiting our course blog and using our classroom from the comfort of their own homes. potential are vast. 2 Predicting Before you read a text, itis helpful to ose your knowledge to anticipate what the text is about is called predicting. It will improve your reading abil because you can check your predictions during your reading. Work with a partner to discuss the following 1 What do you know about distance learning? 2. Are you for or against this method of learning? 3. What do you want to learn about the topic from the 3a Skimming Skim the text and answer the quests 1 Whats the main idea of the text? 2 Do you think that the text is interesting? ‘3b Scanning Now scan the text and find the follo 1 the two ways the writer uses to solve the proble== mentioned in paragraph 1 2. where her students obiain lectures for ackitional read 3. how she uses the real classroom space 3c Inferring When you read a text, you can form 2= opinion about the writer’s meaning or attitude. For example, you infer why the writer wrote the text writer's purpose) or you may wish to infer the writ attitude to what he or she is writing about. In small groups, discuss the following. 1 What do you think isthe writer’s purpose? 2 Whatis the writer's opinion about distance lear 3 What can you infer fram the sentengsSTUDY AND WRITING SKILLS his ext? ns. ing ne a's ing? E 4 Work with a partner to discuss the following, 1 What is your opinion af the methods the writer uses to teach her students? 2 Which do you prefer: traditional classroom learning or the distance learning approach of the writer? 3. Do your think distance fearing will become more common than classroom learning in the future? Explain your answer. 4 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, WRITING SKILLS A FORMAL LETTER 5a Quickly read the letter from the Head of a Students’ Union in a university. Then answer the questions. 1 What is the letter about? 2 Where will the event take place? Me Richacd Kim ead, Stedents Union CEO, Rvcaton Unlimited University Heensrough Kangsbrubn 85 Scotland Uppeang GS 1122 Stockton 3200 Sweden ‘elephone +44 (0) 206 548 Ena stentuionhelbro suk 2st August ‘Dear Mr Kim, 7 ‘As ead of the Stadents' Union at Helensbrough University, {would like to invite you to take part in a pane discussion on ‘Digital Learning Resources which will be held inthe Students) Union buildingon 12 September from 2 pm.~4 p.m. ‘We would appreciate it greatly if you could join the panel 28 a guest speaker. A visiting lecturer at our university, Steffan Nielson, gave us your name. He suggested you ‘would be an ideal person to have on our panel. You are an expert on the topic of digital learning, and we know that you are an adviser to colleges and universities all over the ‘world on how to use digital resources. Your knowledge and insights would be immensely valuable for the ‘undergraduates and graduates attending the discussion, “There willbe three other experts on the panel in addition toa student representative. Each of you will make a short presentation of your ideas (5-10 minutes), after which there will be questions from the audience Following the event, we would like to take you for dinner t0 a local restaurait or, if you prefer, we could have dinner with you at your hotel ‘We hope that you will agree to bea guest speaker and look forward to receiving your reply. Ifyou need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours sincerely, Han firB) Helen Bloomfield: Head of Students’ Union 5b Read the letter again and choose the correct answer to each question. 11 Whats the ftle of the discussion? a Digital Resources b Digital Facilities © Digital Learning Resources 2 How did Helen Bloomfield hear about Mr Kim? a She saw his name ina journal. b Someone recommended him. © Astudent knew him well. 3 What does Mr Kim do when he travels abroad? gives talks on the internet b_ makes presentations to schools € advises colleges and universities 4 How many people will be on the pane! if Mr Kim accepis the invitation? a3 b¢ as 5 What will Mr Kim do after the panel discussion? a answer questions b goto the airport have dinner 6 Letter conventions Are these statements true or false? Correct the false statements. 1A formal letter should always have a date. 2. You put the address of the person you are writing to directly under your address. 3. You should begin a formal letter with Dear + first name + surname, 4 Ifyou begin your letter with Dear + name, you can finish the letter with Yours sincerely or Kind regards. 5 You should end a formal letier by signing it and typing your name and position under your signature. 6 In formal letters, you should use idiomatic phrases and short forms such as I'm, we're, isn’t, aren‘t. 7a Make a list of things that Richard Kim might want to ask Helen Bloomfield. What additional information might he need, for example, travel information, accommodation arrangements, etc? 7b As Mr Kim, write a reply to Helen Bloomfield. 8 Work with a partner and compare your letters. Did ‘you ask the same questions? Comment on each other's letter organisation, language and style. Consider these questions. * Do the paragraphs have a logical order? + Is the language grammatically correct? + Is the vocabulary appropriate and well chosen? «+ Is the style of the letter appropriate for the context and person who receives the letter?gn en eee eo VOCABULARY err Pees Geer eae See) Geant ines Sinan neces WRITING SKILLS Serene 1 Think about objects in your home. : Which do you think are particularly well HE WORD 'DESIGN’ means cifferan things ta diferent people. One designed? Why? sven by designer Richard Seymour is ‘making things better for peo 2a Look at these extracts irom an introduction to a design book. In which extract does the writer mention these things? Scientists can invent technologies, manufacturers can make products, engineers can make them work, and salespeople can sell them. Howeve only designers can combine ail these, Designers turn an idea into som= that is desirable, commercially successful and adds value to people's a incorrect ideas about design the essential element in good design eearerticiens Good design begins with the needs of the user. A good design fulfils 2 d the restrictions on designers User's need, A design doesn’t have to be new, diferent or impressive | © what designers de successful in the market place, but it must fulfil a need, However, itis» Ie ‘tue that design methods often lead to innovative praducts and service 2b Read the extracts again and correct the statements below. Many people have misconceptions about design. Magazines often use word "desian! when they mean style or fashion, For example, when the show 2 toaster or bottle opener which is well designed, the result is tha People think that design is only about how things look. Design is also about how things work. In reality, the way 2 produc: looks is someth which happens at the end of a product development process 1. Designers are the same as scientists 2 Magazines rarely make mistakes when talking about design, L |] 3° Design is all about appearance 4 The secret of good design is to be new and different SUI Des ga NISC have lt Designers unlke artists, can't simply follow their creative feetngs 7 to consider Designers have to ask themseves questions such asthe 2c Reacting to the text Which idea in produc really wanted”; How sit ifferet from everything else ont the text is the most interesting? Why? ‘market?, ‘Does it fulfil a need?; Will it cost too much to manufacture?” and st safeZ, 66VOCABULARY WORD BUILDING, DESIGN ADJECTIVES 3a Work with a partner to complete the word families in the table below. Check your answers in the text. 3b Look at the suffixes (endings) of the words in the table. What type of word ends in: 1 ict -ert 3 ~ion? 4 ing 5 -or science scientific manufacturing, produce producer prolductive engineer engineering use usable develop _de'veloper developing innovate linnovator innovation inventor in'vention inventive art atstic PRONUNCIATION 4 Word stress Look at the words in the table and mark the stress. Some have been done as examples to help you. Listen and check, then repeat the words. 5a Complete these questions using words from the ‘able. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. _1 What did he’she invent? yout townicity? What do 1 Can you name an _ 2 Are there any factories they? 3 What are the three you could not live without? 4 What do you think is the best of the 21st century? 5, Isthe of a product important to you? Why2hwhhy not? 6 What products do you think the next ten years? will develop in 5b Work with a partner and ask and answer the questions above. 5c Write some questions of your own to ask other students using words from the table in Exercise 3. 6a The following adjectives are often used to describe designs. Work with a partner to check that you understand them all elegant functional futuristic handmade innovative mass-produced retro. simple streamlined stylish traditional __ up-to-date. DESIGN IS EVERYWHERE _ AAI 6b Find words in Exercise 6a that refer to the following. 1. the past 2 words) 2. methods of manufacture (2 words) 3. designs which are new and different (2 words) 6c Find words in Exercise 6a that mean the following. attractive and fashionable modern with a smooth shape attractiye and graceful rot complicated useful euRena SPEAKING AND WRITING 7a Think about the following items. In small groups, discuss what qualities you look for in them. Look back at the vocabulary in Exercise 6a to help you. phone car shoes handbag watch 7b Look at the photos below. Say which design of car and phone you prefer and why. =o 8 Write a short paragraph describing your favourite design, either on this page or of an object you own. 67DESIGN THROUGH THE AGES READING AND VOCABULARY MATERIALS, SHAPES AND TEXTURES a Designers need to think about the following when designing new products: material, shape, texture. Look at the words in the box and put them into the correct category. steel smooth curved leather rough angular aluminium — canvas wooden polished square plastic soit circular paper straw hard | ‘1b Look at the three chairs in the photos. How would you describe each one? ‘1c Which do you prefer? Why? (Think about comfort, style, practicality, etc.) 2 You are going to read about design during three | different decades of the 20th century: the 1930s, the 1960s and the 1990s. Before you read, discuss the following in small groups. j 1 Look af the photos of the chairs. Which of the three periods does each chair come from? 2 Look at the ideas in the box below which influenced | design at the different times. Discuss in which period | you think they are mentioned and why. advances in communication young consumers streamlining (smooth in shape) ergonomic design (designs adapted to human needs) recycling short-lived products, 68 3a Work in groups of three. Read your text quickly, then share your information with your group. Compan the information with your ideas from Exercise 2. Student A: Read the text above. Student B: Read the text on page 160. Student C: Read the text on page 163. 3b Read your text again and complete the chart for your text. Then in your groups, summarise the key facts about your text so that the others in your group can complete the chart. 19308 1960819905 streamlining 4a Justifying opinions Work on your own. Which design period was for you: + the most exciting? + the most useful? + the most interesting? Make notes on the reasons for your choices, 4b Work in groups and present and justify your choices‘THIS WAS a period of optimism and self-belief At this time humans travelled particularly on television, created mass materials, new shapes, and new colours appeared in all areas of design The Danish designer Verner Panton example, and Eero Aarnio created his extraordinary Ball Chait. The ideas of this period, also known as the ‘space age’, also influenced fashion Designers created clothes in strange and 1960-1969 dress designs were examples of this. 2 RRL LIS TED VOCABULARY ABSTRACT NOUNS * 1 advertise 4 recycle 2 consume 5 communicate 3 industrialise 6 streamline from Exercise 5a. 1. Isthere enough batteries? 2 Do and curved shapes make products look more stylish? 3 ls the best way to get people to buy products? 4 Is leading to people becoming more selfish? 5 Has damaged the Earth so much that it ‘cannot recover? 6 Does better__ technology lead to better lives? Se Work with a partner and ask and answer the questions above, LISTENING. 6 Listen to two designers talking about ideas for a new product and answer the questions. 1 What product do they discuss? 2 Who will use the product? 3 What materials do they mention? 4 When do they want to launch the product? faster than sound and walked on the Moon. During the period, the power of advertising, consumerism, with a huge increase in the buying and selling of new types of products. Manufacturers began to recognise the buying power of teenagers and started to develop products aimed at the youth market. These mew young consumers wanted change and variety. It was a time of short-lived products and the idea of a ‘throwaway’ society. New There were many unusual furniture designs. produced his bright red plastic chair, for futuristic materials, Courreges’ ‘silver foil” suits and Pierre Cardin’s silver and plastic 5a Find the noun forms of the verbs below in the texts. Sb Complete the questions below with the nouns of harmful products like DESIGN THROUGH THE AGE: GRAMMAR ¢ MODALS (NECESSITY AND OBLIGATION) 7 Underline the modal verbs in these sentences. Then use the verbs to complete the statements below. 1 We need to reach as many people as possible. We can't use steel. We should make it in just three colours. Iemust be cheap if we want to be competitive. It doesn’t have to be very different. The rules say it has to be strong enough to support a heavy person. We don't need to rush. We really mustn't miss this opportunity. 9 We shouldn't launch it until we're really ready. 10 I can do some designs before we meet again. To talk about: things that are important and necessary to do we use __,__and b things that are not essential (i. where you have a choice) we use ___and rules and regulations we often use and d__ when it is necessary and important not to do something we use and something that is advisable we use something that is not advisable we use Language reference and extra practice, pages 138-189 8 Choose the correct modal verb. 1. This material doesn’t have to / mustn’t be used as it harms people's health. 2 Insome countries you don’t need to / can't show certain images in your designs. 3. There’s a problem with the design, but it doesn’t have to / shouldn't take us much time to resolve We have to / should finish it today! 4 We shouldn't / have to change the shape of the model so that it meets government regulations. 5 We don’t need to / must hire that designer. She's the best in the business. 6 It’s not breaking any regulations, but | think we should / have to change the design. SPEAKING 9 Work in groups. You are going to design a product. 1. Choose one of these products: a chair, a table, a kettle, a toothbrush, a coffee machine 2. Decide which group of consumers you are aiming at, eg. older people, young adults, children, etc. 3. Discuss your ideas and sketch a design. Think about, shape, colour, materials, size, appearance, rules and regulations. Try to use modal verbs. CREE | Watch an interview with Freyja Sewell, _ a furniture and product designer, about her designs. ‘Turn to page 152 for video activities. 69ALESSI'S INNOVATIONS READING 1 Look at the photos. What are they? Would you like to own any of these Alessi designer products? Why?/Why not? 2a Read the article about Alessi quickly and find the following. 1. the name of one great artist 2. the names of three members of the Alessi family 3. the names of three Alessi products 4 the names of three designers that have worked for Alessi | ALESSI’S inventions 1 | talans only keep beautiful and useful things in their homes, | an italian frend once told me. Perhaps that’s why most of them love Ales, the famous italian design company, Alessi | fates design very highly, even placing | _itabove profitability. The president, || Aberto, does nt wore about his failures, accorcng to an ati in Fast ‘Company. He holds his meetings with designers inthe Alessi private museum, | which contains material from all of | Alessi products including some flops, toemind him about the importance of taking risks. Albert believes that the ‘most orginal design conceots come fom the bordetine between whats possible and what isnot PQ The company was founded in 1921 by Giovanni Alessi, Alberto's grandfather. Giovanni's son, Carlo, began Alessi’ tradtion of desig, tt was Alberto, however, who transformed the company into-a world-wide success by employing freelance designers increasing exports, and enhancing its reputation for beautiful, useful products and innovation. Alessi cre business is metal working and the company continues to use metal, |e stainless steel, primarily, However, | Alesis als inroduced the use of | other materials suchas pas, whichis easier to mould and a cheaper material ‘10 produce, to incorporate the idea of fun into design as 2b Identifying main ideas Read the article again and match the headings to the paragraphs. a The way forward b The importance of design © How designs are developed d_ Famous designers International expansion 2c Find words in the text which mean the following 1 someone or something that is not successful (para 2. to change (para 2) 3 the use of new ideas or methods (para 2) 4 introducing new methods for the firs time (para 3) 5 a great idea about what you should do (para 3) 6 something famous that is admired by many (para 3 When Alberto began working at Alessi at twenty-four, one of his, fist projects was Alessi d Apres! He commissioned Salvador Dab and other artists to design 2 piece of arto be mass-produced ‘and available forthe general public. The pioneering project was vey difficult so after a while his father, Carlo, stopped production butnot before Dai created an object for the company. ‘Apparently nobody knows what the praducts purpose was, but commissioning these artists shows Alberto Alessi’ inspiration, and ingicates why Alberto places such importance on leaming, from every project, even if unsuccessful. Asaresul, the company ses a formula to decide whether designs should be developed which emphasises whether they have a practical function, whether they please ~ the senses, andif they fitwith current trends and confer status on the owner. Itisaiso important thatthe product can be sold at reasonable price, Eas Richard Sapper, Aldo Rossi and Philippe Starck are just some of the great designers that have worked for Alessi. The company has created many’ ‘cons, such as Starck’s Juicy Sali’ crus squeezer, the ‘Anna G. corkscrew and the ‘Mami’ stockpot, which was designed. by Stefano Giovannoni, ce ‘Alessi is no longer only a manufacturer of kitchen and, tableware products. Its range has included watches, ‘cordless telephones, bulbs and lights, glasses and even cars Alessi recently paired with Fiat to design the Fiat Panda Aless ‘which features intemet access and has a picture of the Alessi ‘man on its wheels! This world-wide Italian company can be expected to continue its traition of promoting the Very best design whilst forever reinventing itselfLISTENING 3a [ERM Listen to three pairs of students at a ~ = inmehich order do they talk ‘Ghings below? 3b Listen again. Are these sentences true, false or not given? The first design is by da Vinci 2 This design is over 500 years old. Da Vinci's most famous painting is the Mona Lisa. Pablo and Irina are looking at a corkscrew. 5 The corkscrew was designed in the early 1980s. & The third object is the designer's best-selling design. > George would like to buy one of these. Language reference and extra practice pages 138-139 5 Rewrite the sentences below using must, can’t, could or might. 1 I'm sure this design is by Armani This design must be by Armani. 2. Alessi is definitely one of the most influential design ‘companies of all time. 1'm sure this painting is not by da Vinci Maybe this painting is by Picasso, but I'm not sure Not many people are attending the exhibition. I'm sure they aren’t promoting it very well 6 This product looks dangerous to me. 7 People are not sure if tis @ Starck design. 8 mute that designer is working very hard. I've seen a lot of her designs 6 Work with a partner to discuss what you think the designs above are. Try to use these words and phrases. must. might could can't Im sure/certain maybe/perhaps ... I's possible that It’s not possible that SPEAKING 7 tf you had the skills, what would you like to design/re-design? 7SCENARIO SITUATION T The advert below appeared in the design magazine Trendsetter. Read the advert and answer the questions. 1 Who can enter the competition? 2 How can a competitor get an entry form? 3 Whatis the purpose of the competition? The competition is open to young designers who are still studying or who have graduated during the last five years. Entry forms will shortly be sent to design schools, university departments and design studios all over the world. » The competition is open to any designer wino nas produced a prototype of their design. The aim of the competition is to recogrise and reward outstanding product designs, Total prize money is $20,000. 72 MARTELLI DESIGN COMPETITION KEY LANGUAGE DESCRIBING QUALITIES 2a FEE tisten to one of the judges commenting on a design which won first prize last year. The producti a travel jacket. Answer the questions. 1 What kind of person would buy it? 2 What special features does the jacket have? 3. What reasons does the judge give for suggesting the jacket should win frst prize? 2b Listen again and complete the sentences. 1 Asyou can see, it___very modem and stylish. 2 Is young people. It will _ are on the move. 3° Ithas several special 4 One of the jacket’s best lifetime guarantee. people who _. Ud say, is that the zips have a 5 The jacket has wo __ features. 6 Ws __a new material which is very strong, and heat resistant isthe on the sleeve, 7 Another strong 8 ‘The jacket’s durable, easy 10 use and, above all, 2c Work in pairs. Think of an article of clothing you own, or would like to own, for example a coat or jacket. Describe it to your partner, using some of the language from Exercise 2b. TASK EVALUATING DESIGNS 3a Work in groups of four, You are judges for this year’s competition and will choose the winning design, Choose one product each from the text on page 73. Read the description and take notes on the key points. 3b Describe your product to the other judges in your group. You may add extra information you wish to cover all the catagories. ‘Complete the evaluation form for the other three products as you listen to the other judges. Marks are out of ten. Do not evaluate your own product. Design Design Design stylish innovative functional easy to use durable value for money TOTAL 3c Add up the marks of the three judges for each product and find the winner.MARTELLI DESIGN COMPETITION A wheelchair user-friendly wheelchair with several innovative features It has only five main components: two side wheels, a seat, a seat back, a footrest and four lights Because of ths it’ lightweight and easy to maintain, take apart, assemble and transport. It allows users to ‘quickly access a car or plane. It's ergonomic and easy to push. unique feature is that itis very visible st night because ofits powerful lights and coating of luminous paint. ts frame is made of carbon fibre, and can be faaml a adapted to each person's size and weight. | Acarry-on airline bag Suggested price: $899 [| A sylsh elegant carry-on bag for men and women. tis ideal for use on budget airlines because passengers are usualy allowed only one piece of luggage twill appeal to fashion-conscious travellers because its ser identity tag and logo have 2 unique design. The bag is sll and compact, measuring only 35em x 30cm x 16em, butt can hold many items without looking bulky. It has three small pockets with | zips and one large compartment. There is aso a special packet | for a water bottle, It comes in five colours. Qualities: Well consiructed, durable, versatile, with a place for everyting eal for short fights when you carry alot oF technological items such as smart phones laptops and tablets. 140 Suggested pric A sports watch is Taptap isa sports watch for athletes It aims to | provide information hich wil hep athletes to | improve tei performance butt also acts asa standard, everyday watch. It has several innovative features It has advanced tap sereen technology, so itis very easy to use. The athlete simply taps y the screen to activate the various functions of the watch, such asthe stop watch and display of running times It has.@ unique alarm system which will apeal to long-distance runners. The alarm tells the runner when he or she needs to have more water oF food, The watch has a long-lasting battery which lasts at least three years It is water resistant a up to 120 metres, soit will also appeal to people who enjoy water sports Taptap looks sporty and A study area (desk and bed unit) fajonable is ice an cae Sse andithasa This unitis perfect for students living in small rooms, preparing | wide, rubber strap, available in several colours. for aS ees ae Suggested price: $199 Iconssts of a desk and eight drawers fr storing things The | ggg Gesk is exceptionally sturdy. Above the deskis a bed. An innovative feature is that the height of the bed can be adjusted quickly and easly to the height of the room A solid wood staircase with wide steps leads up to the bed. | There isa shelf at the headboard for holding books and a light. The ergonomic chair is specially designed for students who sit ‘or long periods of time. It won a design award recently at an international exhibition of furniture in Geneva | Qualities: The study unit is innovative, Functional and space saving Suggested price: $1,200STUDY AND WRITIN STUDY SKILLS PROOFREADING. 1 Work in pairs or small groups to discuss these questions. 1 When you write a formal document, e.g. a formal email, essay or report, do you prefer to use pen and paper first or to write directly onto a screen? Explain your answer. 2 Doyou ever edit your own work or other people's work? 3 Which of the tools do you use in your work or studies? a an online dictionary © grammar check b a spell check d_aword count 4 What other digital tools do you use? 2a Itis important to make sure your writing is accurate and your meaning clear. You are going to listen to a lecturer giving some tips on checking written work. Work with a partner. What points do you think she will mention? 2b Listen to the conversation. Note down the points the lecturer mentions. Are they the same as the points you discussed in Exercise 2a? Report on two hybrid bicycles: Trekker 101 and Groundbreak 2c Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What examples does the lecturer give of the following mistakes? a spelling irregular verbs preposition 2 Complete the final piece of advice she gives. ‘ismy meaning ___ ‘Will someone___my work what I'm trying to say?” 3 What are the main problems you have when you awrite in English? What mistakes do you often make? 4 Proofreading Eastern University plans to buy a hundred bicycles for students to hire during the university year. Read the report on two bicycles, written by the university's Purchasing Officer, Debor Carr. There are some errors init. Find the following errors in the report. four incorrect spellings two missing capital letters ‘one missing full stop ‘wo incorrect apostrophes ‘one example of incorect word order a phrase that is repeated unnecessarily one incorrect tense two incorrect prepositions Introduction & At the request of Jeremy Schooler, vice President of eastern University, this report 5 compares two hybrid bicycles and recommends one of the models to be purchased by the university Price 1 There isa significant price diference between the two Bicycles. Trekker 101 costs €460. It is much cheeper than Groundbreaker which costs €540. 1s Size Performance: a Riding along Gears “The highest and lowest gears of both “The bicycles are similar on length but not in weigh. Trekker 201 weighs just 14.1 kg whereas Groundbreaker weighs 16.4 2» Rider Position On both bicycles, the rider is positioned right at the back so that so that he or she is centred ‘over the rear wheel. Both » bicycles are suitable to riders up £0175 cm tall. For someone over that height, Groundbreaker is more suitable The seat v0 The Groundbreaker seatis more comfortable and can be adjusted easily. To adjust the Trekker 101 seat, you need a special tool Trekker 101 is lighter. itis, therefore, much faster on fiat ground, but isit not {good on bumpy surfaces. Groundbreakeris slower but gives a «9 much smoother ride on rough surfaces. b Comering Both bicyles corner well and fee! stable, even in slippery conditions. Groundbreakers’ stability is good when «5 commering but iti slower because of its extra weight. Climbing Both bicycles are performing well when climbing, Trekker 101 can accellerate 50 faster on the steep sections of a hil Groundbreaker is better ifthe rider has to climb several hills in a short time, s bicycles are the same, Nevertheless, Groundbreaker has a big advantage. I's ‘gear change is much faster and smoothe Conclusion and Recommendation The university should purchase the 6 Groundbreaker model. its built for strength and durability, which are important qualities for hire bicycles. It performs much better on rough surface ‘This isimportant because many of our «© students will want to ride the bicycles i ‘te forest and mountain areas, Signed: Ms Debora Carr, Purchasing Offi Date: 16 September Doe LeSTUDY AND WRITING SKILLS 5 Read the report and answer the questions. Which bicycle: a ischeapert will probably last longer? b- islighter? © has a more flexible seat? ¢ is faster? £ has a better gear change? What similar features do both bicycles have? 3 Why does the writer of the report prefer the Grouncbreaker? WRITING SKILLS A PRODUCT REPORT KristalClear Headphones Price: USS 160 Weight: 702 Design: Attractive and sty. 5-star rating (outstanding) from Sound and Vision magazine. Oversthe-ear headphones. Comfortable, easly ajstabl, thin headband, might wear out quicly: Colours: Black, metalic sver and red Sound: Bass tones not very powerful High-end tones excelent. Best for dasscal or ight pop music Noise: Sound doesnt leak out and annoy pesple. locks cut most outside noise Durability: Well made. Cable maybe a bit weak Special feature(s): A unique sound system grealy reduces use noise, Headband Newb and ex ustble Overall impression: Great style and sound quality, affordable price 6a Linkers Look at the words in italics in each sentence below. Which word/phrase is used to show: 2 contrast, additional information, a result? 1 Trekker 101 is lighter. Therefore, itis much faster on flat ground. 2 Groundbreaker's gear change is faster. Moreover, itis much smoother. 3 Groundbreaker is heavier. On the other hand, itis stronger and more durable. Sonar Headphones 3001 Sb Work with a partner. Decide whether the words in the | pace sg 208 Soxintroduce a result a contrast or adlitonalintormation. | py, (852 ical ccmcrewerwintasete cach erp Design: Attractive and stylish, 3-star rating from Sound and Vision magazine. (On-the-ear headphones, Comfortable ~ headphones cover the whole ear, Rather heavy and bulky (take up a lot of space). Headband — flexible plastic wrapped in soft leather: Strong cable. Colours: Black, white and grey Sound: Powerful and deep bass tones. Good high-end sounds, Lots of energy and power: Headphones best for electronic, hard rock or urben music. Noise: Keeps away some outside noise, Not a strong feature of the headphones. Durability: Well built, strong construction, Made to las. Special feature(s): Control system on the cable. Users can ‘turn the sound up and down, Sponge pads on the headphones covered in soft leather. Very comfortable, Overall impression: Well constructed, excellent bass and high-end sounds. Not cheap. Good sound qualty + durability. also although asaresult consequently furthermore“ howevet in addition whereas. 7 Link the pairs of sentences using an appropriate sord/phrase from Exercise 6. 4 Groundbreaker’s seat can be adjusted easily. You need a special tool to adjust Trekker 101’s seat. Both bicycles climb well. Trekker 101 can accelerate faster. 3 Trekker 101 is cheaper than Groundbreaker. Itis much lighter. 4 Both bicycles are suitable for riding in town. They are ideal for riding on mountain tracks. 5 Groundbreaker is a heavier bicycle. Its slower when going round tight comers. © Trekker 101 is suitable for medium-sized riders. Groundbreaker is much better for tall people. 5 The head of large airline has asked you to write a report 2 two top-of-the-range headphones, recommending one ‘of them for use in the airline's First Class cabins. Write the ‘port, using the notes on the right. | Te 75b¢) Business U J 8-1 IN BUSINESS NR SaeLN ne Rea panacea uno Otee anid fiom ee WRITING SK fiona Cores ees vith your relatives; do business with strangers. Greek proverb VOCABULARY AND READING BUSINESS TERMS AND ROLES http://wwrw.youmewbusiness.com 1 Work with a partner to discuss these questions. 1 Can you name a successful business from your country? 2 Can you name a business from another country which is successful in your country? 3° Why do you think these businesses are so successful? Well, the customer is not god, but it is a good thing to believe = they are always right. When you sell luxury products you need to charge high prices if you want to be taken seriously But remember, high prices don't always mean making big profits. Shops and retail can be difficult to get right 2a Complete the statements with the words in the box, community competitors customer law loss prices profit staif taxes wages To succeed in business you should 1 val 2 focus only on making a big A a Well, you have to prepare ‘The partner 5 neverbreak the carefully, Do your market = ‘My first business failed. | went 6 avoid paying to the government, research, then set up your into business with my best 7 believe the is always right business. And be prepared to friend, but it just didn’t work 8 invest in the local make a loss during the first My new partner is simply a 9 put your cutof business, year. That's the most aitfcult [7 prancial ivestor. | run the 10 be prepared to make a for at least time. Get it right, and it’s the business on a day-to-day basis, best thing in the world, | work alone, but | get a lot of help from my family. the fst year. But you need good peaple around you. | value my staff and the company is doing well because we are a strong team. 2b Work with a partner to discuss the statements, 763 Match the people in the box with their role. Customer entrepreneur manufacturer partner retailer supplier wholesaler 1 sells directly to the public 2 makes goods 3 starts new businesses 4 is one of the owners of a business 5 buys large quantities of goods from producers and sells them to shops and businesses © buys directly from a shop or a company 7 provides goods/parts to shops and businesses 4a Read a page from a website on starting a new business. Whose advice do you think is the best for ‘Your situation? Which of the business areas would you prefer to work in? 4b Read the webpage again and underline examples of the vocabulary from Exercises 2a and 3, 5 Work in groups to discuss the following. 1 Which are your favourite retailors? 2 Name three large manufacturers. 3 What services can a wholesaler offer a retailer? + Give an example of good/bad customer service you have experienced, 5 What problems can a business have with its suppliers? & Can you name a famous entrepreneur? lf you started a business, who would your partner be? Why? a The manufacturer Tuna successful manufacturing business with three factories, thanks to careful management and not taking risks. Thinking about the future isthe key. It's important t put money back into the business, but make sure you leave enough to pay your taxes and wages! We also try to invest in the ocal community, to put something back. We sponsor the locai football team, IN BUSINESS LISTENING 6a Allan Smith appears regularly on the radio giving advice on starting a business. What advice do you think he might give? 6b IEEE Listen to the first part of an interview with him and answer the questions. 1 In his first tip, Allan mentions four areas of business, What are they? 2 Which of the fol lowing does Allan mention in his second tip? © advertising + promotion price * competitors = costs tax 3 What does Allan think the ‘key to success’ might be? 6c IEEE Listen to the second part of the interview and complete the summary. Firstly, some failed because the market had ! —____, and the business was left behind. The second Feason was over-dependence on one + 5 Other reasons are poor! __, cash flow problems, bad debts and not dealing with *__ properly. 6d IEEE Listen to the third part of the interview, Are these statements true, false or not given? 1. Business plans are very important. Business plans help to improve sales, You should keep your business plans in your head. Atthe beginning, you may make mistakes when you forecast. 7 Summarising In your opinion, what are the key pieces of advice which Allan gives? Summarise these as Dos and Don'ts. SPEAKING 8 KEE Listen to two people talking about an idea for a business in their home town. Answer the questions. 1 What type of business is it? What's its name? 2 What advantages of the business are mentioned? 3. Do you think it a good idea? Why2/Why not? 9 You have ten minutes to plan a business idea to startin your home town. Work with a partner and choose an idea from below or think of your own. a garden care service selling second-hand items a mobile hairdressing service selling fresh flowers Think about the name and location of the business, the 00d or services you will offer and your target market. Watch an interview with Teresa Le about the Vietnamese food business she set up in London. Turn to page 153 for video activities 772a Read the three texts quickly and match them with 1 Work with a partner to discuss these ethical dilemmas. ‘he following ethical problems. 1 Your bestiriend gives youan expensive birdway ‘Yew fave infomation tat could damage the present. You do not like it, What do you do? see ern i aiigaseaet 2 Your fiend's husband has los his job you've seen» company Ut gave you an expensive present is him at the job centre. His wife doesn’t know this. ROR Tee tee, ee Would you tell her? Ms See ee eos nonests Rotem cers Your friend, Julia, works in the same department. She ues is a good friend who supported you when the two ‘You visited an overseas supplier some time ago, and | of you didn't get a good bonus at the end of last when you left f@ gave you an expensive watch as a year. There was a lot of shoplifting in the clothing present. On returning, you were planning to tell your department at that time: people were stealing | colleagues about the present, but forgot. expensive items lke designer shirts and silk tes. Your Last week, you were sitting in your office when | boss said that you weren't paying enough attention to ‘another present fiom the same supplier arived. was your work and didn't deserve a good bonus, 2a magnificent antique clock! tthe time, you were | Yesterday, you were having a crnk with julia after considering three competing offers to supply radios for workin local café and you noticed that uia had | a newrrangeof ears. Your generous supplier had made | two new men's shirts in her bag. "Wow! They look | one of the offers. His firm's radios were more expensive expensive; you commented. Julia laughed. ‘You don't | thaniiigs6 of another supplier, while the quality of the think pid or BER doy? Ite afew thngs om] | products was smi Youhave never done buses time to time to make up for ourroten bonuses’ —__+)__before ith the supplier f the cheaper aco Stine Caneel sm All last year, the company was looking for ways of reducing costs becauselifwas making a loss. It decided, therefore, to cut back ‘on investment in technology. ‘As a result, the company did not spend money on buying some ‘expensive new equipment which reduces a special toxin in waste water. At present, scientists don’t know exactly how poisonous | this toxin is, and your waste is within legal limits. However, the polluted waste from the factory fiows into a nearby lake and river ff'seems to be affecting fish and wildlife, and a local scientist has warned that people should not eat fish caught in the river. | Ifyou tell the pressor the local authorities about the waste water, the firm will have to buy the expensive equipment. The company could go bankrupt and everyone, including yourself, would loselfieiijobs. 78th 2b Read the texts again. Are these statements true or falsez Text 1 Your manager complained that you (julia’s friend) ‘were not paying enough attention to him. 2 Julia said she stole things because she did not get a decent bonus. Text 2 3 The company was acting illegally. 4 The expensive equipment could stop the company going bankrupt. Text 3 5 You did not tell your colleagues about the expensive watch. 6 You were given an expensive watch, an antique clock and some radios as gifs 3 What do the following words highlighted in the text refer to? 1 them 5 he 2 it 6 It 3 It 7 those 4 their SPEAKING 4a Reacting to the topic In groups, discuss these questions. 1 What would you do in the situations described in the texts if you were: a Julia's friend? ® b the environmental manager? the Chief Executive? 2 What punishment, if any, do you think Julia should receive? 3 Is there a difference between a gift and a bribe? 4b Work with a partner. Talk about a time when you or a person/company that you know had to make a difficult ethical decision, GRAMMAR PAST CONTINUOUS 5 Look at the examples of the past continuous in italics in the texts and match them with their uses. Look at the context in the text to help you. for a longer background action in the past when a shorter action interrupts it or happens during it for repeated actions in the past that take place over a period of time » © to-emphasise the duration or continuity of a past action ‘Language reference and extra practice pages 140-141 BUSINESS DILEMMAS 6 Match the beginnings of the sentences with the endings. Then write out the sentences in full with the verb: the correct form (past continuous or past simple). | imeet) my old boss IBM (offer) me a job ‘The company (have) financial problems | (work) at my computer She (find) the missing file ‘We (talk) about our future strategy in a meeting when the Chief Executive suddenly (announce) her resignation, when the power cut (happen. while I (travel) to Warsaw for a conference. while | (study) at Harvard. when a fantastic new contract (be) agreed. while she (look for) some other documents. PRONUNCIATION 7a KE Weak forms Listen to the following sentences. Circle the weak forms (/waz/ and /wa/) and underline the strong forms (/woz/ and /w:/) of was and were. 1 2 3 4 ‘We were having a meeting when the fire alarm went off When the phone rang, | was talking to a customer. ‘Was he working for you then?’ ’No, he wasn’t ‘Were they planning to buy another shop?’ ‘Well, they said they were.” 7b Listen again and repeat the sentences. 8a Work on your own. Choose one of the events and make notes to answer the questions below. an accident at home or work a big event in your school's/company’s recent history an important world or national event a big family event (eg. the birth of a child) Where were you when this happened? Who were you with? What were you doing? What did you do next? ‘8b Work in groups and share your stories. When | fist heard about the earthquake, | was having Junch with a friend. WRITING 9 Write a short paragraph describing the event you discussed in Exercise 8.80 READING 1 In groups, discuss these questions. 11 What famous brands do you know for cosmetics, soft drinks, sports clothing and technology? 2 What do you know about the people who started these brands? 2 Work with a partner to read about some business icons. Try to answer as many of the questions below as you can. Share your answers with your partner. Student A: Read texts 1 and 2 on this page. Student B: Turn to page 160 and read texts 3 and 4. 1 What area of business was each person in? 2. What was each person most famous for? 3° Who started out: a asa bus conductor? b asalawyer? © asa scientist? d_ working in a hardware store? 4 Who: a used words from two languages to come up with the name for their company?” thought that you did not need to succeed at university in order to succeed in business? 5 Which two people: were very good sales people? liked sports? had a connection with Austria? wrote a book? came from a poor family background? 6 Which person: a didn’t have a business partner? b_ was bom first? lived the longest? had the most children? 3 Identifying similarities and differences Work in small groups to discuss these questions. 1 What are the similarities and differences between the childhoods and education of the four people? 2 How did theirschildhood experiences help in their success? 3. Do you think a difficult childhood helps people become successful in business? 4 Do you think it is more difficult for women to succeed in business than men? Why2Why not? eance BUSINESS ICONS a Estee Lauder "The founder ofthe giant US cosmetics ‘rm dled on 24 Apri at the age of ninety sc She was bor losephine Esher Mentzerin New Yorkin 1806 to Hungarian and Czech parents and had eight sblings. Her childhood was hard and te family struggled with money. ‘Most ofthe nine hire helped in the family hardware store. Ths early experience gave her an understanding ‘of business and what makes a successiul etaler.As she grew up. fstee became interest in her uncle's business, New Way Laboratories, wich sold beauty products. She Graduated from Newtown high school and ater this focused on his business, helping to sell the products first to her fiends and then to beauty shops. ® She founded the stee Lauder company with the Austrian bom Joseph Lauterin 1935, who she had manied in 1930. The company only so four products at this time. Her cy break caren 1949 when se got an order from the famous Saks Fith Avene partment store in New York. > However. twas in 1953, withthe launch of the Youth Dew’ perfume OBCTUARIES| ‘hat the company’s fortunes were ‘realy transformed. By the mid 1960s she Rad launched the Aramis range for men, followed by Clinique in 1968. Ithas become one of the ‘world’s bestselling skincare brands. ‘Today the company also owns a number of famous brands, including Jo Malone, Aveda, MAC and Bobbi Brown, while the Estee Lauder brand is known in 120 countries. 5 She married the same man twice (in 1930 and 1942) ands survived by hhertwo sons, Leonard and Ronald. Estee Lauder (Josephine Esther Mentzer), born 1 July 1906; died 24 April 2004. Akio Morita OBITUARIES "Akio Morita, cofounder ofthe Sony corporation, died on 3 Octoberin “Tolyo. He created one ofthe first truly lobal companies. His strategy» ‘wasso successful thar Sony was recently voted the number one brand by Americanconsamers,aheadof ‘Coca-Cola and General Elec. ‘Moritahad a comfortable childhood. He was the eklestson ofa wealthy family ftom Nagoya. He trained as a physicist Before he celebrated his twenty sith birthday he had founded his own company with a partner, Masaru Ibaka In 1949 the company developed recording tape and in 1950 sold the first tape recorder in Japan. In 1957 it produced a pocket-sized radio and a year later renamed itself Sony. For the new name Mr Morita ‘combined the latin word for sound, sonus, with the English expression “sonny boy’ to give an impression ‘ofa company ful of energy and youth, In 1960 it produced the frst ‘transistor television in the world. * Hemoved withhisfamilyo the USAin 1963. This helped him to understand Americans, their market and customs Many people blew thiswas ibe key reson for is global succes Sony launched the Walkman in 1979 after Morita had notied young people’ love af musi. ‘Morita was workabelie, but he was ako aplayaholic. He loved arcand ‘musi, and was a sport fanatic ” Hiealbo wrote abookin the1960s called [Never Mined School Records which argued thatacademie achievements are ‘ngtimportant for succes in business ® Hei survived by his wife Yoshiko, two sons and a daughter. Akio Morita, born 26 January 1921: died 3 Ocwober 1999VOCABULARY COLLOCATIONS (2) 4a: The texts contain some business collocations, e.g. set up/found a company. Match the verbs in the box with the words and phrases below to make more collocations. run setup do make reduce go recruit launch 1 a business plan, ___money / a profit 2 ___ into partnership, out of business 3 an overseas branch, _a company 4 anew product range, an advertising campaign 5 ___ some market research, the first year accounts 6 ___thebusiness badly, __a factory 7 _ anew manager, talented employees 8 production costs, the number of staff 4b Put the collocations from Exercise 4a into a logical order in the life of a company. Discuss your ideas with a partner. start daring end pooitof business make a business plan GRAMMAR PAST PERFECT SIMPLE * 5a Look at these two sentences from the text about Akio Morita and underline the verbs. Before he celebrated his twenty-sixth birthday he had founded his own company Sony launched the Walkman in 1979 after Morita had noticed young people's love of music. Sb Answer the following questions and complete the rule. 1. Which verb in each sentence is in the past simple? (The other verb isin the past perfect simple.) Which action happened first in each sentence? Which action happened second? Do we use the past perfect simple for the action that happened first or the action that happened second? We form the past perfect simple with the past participle. Pare + (not) + 5c Find the two sentences in the texts that start as below. Which tense do we often use to talk about events that happened by a certain time? 1 By the mid 1960s, ... (ext 1, para 3) 2 By the end of his life, .. (text 3, para 4) > Language reference and extra practice pages 140-141 BUSINESS ICONS © Complete the text with the past simple or past perfect of the verbs in brackets. By the time he the personal computer and started Apple. By the age of (be) 20, Steve jobs* _ (create) twenty-five, his fortune *__ (ise) to $100 million. Jobs «__(leave} Apple in 1985 an (become) CEO of Pixar. When he * __{rejoin) in 1996, Apple __ {lose} its place in the market. However, by 1998, Jobs® (bring) Apple from making a loss to making a profit with the iMac. Later, he“ (develop) iTunes, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. He has been described as the ‘Father of the Digital Revolution’. He "1 die) on 5 October 2011 7a What had the following people done by the ages/ dates mentioned? Match the sentences 1-9 with the phrases avi By his 26th birthday, Akio Morita By the time of his death, Chaleo Yoovidhya By the mid-1960s, Estee Lauder By 1990, Mark McCormack By the age of six, Mozart By the age of twenty-two, Usain Bolt By the age of five, Leonardo DiCaprio By the age of twenty-two, Lionel Messi By the age of twenty-seven, Amy Johnson ... launch the Aramis range ‘win the FIFA player of the year break the 100m and 200m world records found hissher own company fly to Australia ‘compose his/her first piece of music become the most powerful person in sport appear on TV become one of Asia’s richest men mre te ange CeNausene 7b Check your answers with a partner by making sentences with the past perfect. “What hac! Akio Morita done by his twenty-sixth birthday? ‘He had founded his own company.’ SPEAKING. 8 Discuss these questions. 1 Who are the business icons in your country? 2 Why are they successful? 3 Who is the most successful person you know? 4 Why are they successful? a182 1 Work with a partner to discuss the following, 1 How aften do you negotiate in your everyday life? 2. Who do you need to negotiate with? What about? For example, you may negotiate with a friend or Partner about what film to sce at the cinema, where to eat or what time to meet. When was the last timo? What was the result? 2 Work with a partner. Which of these tips do you think are most important for a successful negotiation? Try to agree on four. Tell the other person exactly what you want. Listen carefully Don’t change your plan when you negotiate. Have a clear aim Ask a lot of questions. Try to get a win-win result Keep calm. Do not show any emotion Give alot of reasons for what you want. 3 Read about Domino sp. Why is the market for Sunglasses growing? Domino s.p.cl, an Ralian wholesaler, wants to import sunglasses from a manufacturer in the United States or Asia, They will supply retailers all over Europe. Although the peak season for sunglasses is in the summer months, market research suggests that more and more people are wearing sunglasses all year round ~ even in the evening as fashion accessories! 4a HEE Listen to Vanessa from Domino s.p.r. speaking to a potential manufacturer in San Francisco, USA. Is the discussion successful? 4b Listen again and answer the questions. 1 How many pairs of sunglasses did Vanessa want? 2 What were the problems concerning the delivery date and the payment?KEY LANGUAGE THE LANGUAGE OF NEGOTIATION, 5a Listen again and complete the extracts. 1 808: = How many would you like to__? 2. Vanessa: We're thinking of quite a lage order. 3 gos: m___that would be a bit difficult, Vanessa 4 VANESSA: What about if we earlier? you be able to deliver in August? Let me check if1___ you, do you mean payment on delivery? 6 vaNEssa: Howdo you about that? 7 vaxessaz Ill think it over and maybe get back to you. sos: Thatsounds _. Well ... |hope to hear from you soon. 5 aoe: 5b Match the sentences with similar ones from Frercise 5a. Let's see if I've got this right. We're considering buying a large quantity What sort of quantity do you have in mind? That seems OK. lf wwe pay more quickly, can you get the goods to us earlier? ‘What do you think of the offer? ¥'m sorry. That could be a problem waoge Coe . SUNGLASSES AFTER DARK TASK NEGOTIATING 6a After the failure of the earlier negotiation, a ‘meeting is now arranged between Domino s.p.r and Sunspex, another manufacturer based in San Diego, USA. In small groups, look at the negotiation details then discuss the questions. Group A (Domino representatives): Turn to page 157 and read the information carefully Group B (Sunspex salespeople): Turn to page 159 and read the information carefully 1 What are your most important needs in the negotiation? 2 Ate some of your points less important? Can you offer them to the other side to get what you want? 3 What do you think will be important for the other side? 6b Work in pairs of one Domino representative and one Sunspex salesperson. Negotiate and try to get a ‘good deal for your company. 7 Work in your groups from Exercise 6a to discuss these questions. 1 Were you happy with the result? 2 Do you think the deal was good for both sides? 3. Did you have a strategy? Do you think the other side had one? 4 How did the other side react to your ideas? Were they flexible? 5 Ifyou did the negotiation again, what would you do differently?STUDY SKILLS 3 Beginning and ending correspondence Look again RECOGNISING FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE at the emails in extracts 3 and 4 below. Underline the Ta Look at the extracts from different pieces of eee dens en correspondence. Match them with the types below. WRITING SKILLS eport email note minutes SMS message FORMAL AND INFORMAL CORRESPONDENC 4 Put the procedure into a logical order for writing ‘Tb Is each piece of correspondence formal or emails. (Tip: the answer should spell a word.) informal? Why? Type (ype a draft i (the re in 2a Recognising register Which of the following are iho seat at escen) snc relationship with therm) features of formal/informal writing? cae acne eer a 1 use of contractions, e.g. I’m Edit ... (edit and check) 2 no contractions, e.g. am Register ... (is the email formal/neutral/informal?) 3° passive constructions, e.g. Its designed Information ... (brainstorm the contentfunctions, 4 phrasal verbs, e.g. call back and think of the information you need 5 longer words instead of shorter, more common ones, to include} €, assistance (not help, information (not facts), reserve (not book), receive (not get) 6 direct questions, eg. Can you ...7 7 missing out words, e.g, subject pronouns Dear Mr MeLenaan, 8 use of imperatives, e.g. tell me llike an order) |_| Further to your invitation of 15 March, | am 9 abbreviations, e.g. thy (= thanks) || notifying you that | will unfortunately be unable ‘to attend the conference on Friday, due to a prior engagement. However, | would be very grateful if you could send mea copy of the | Post-conference report, Yours sincerely, Elena D'Angelo “2b Find examples of the features in the extracts. | Although there are cost benefits of using | Achieve, it is clear that Team Spirit is a much | more professional organisation and therefore Hi Carlos, the best option to help improve staff morale. Great nevs: got the contract! Let me know if you | ‘want to work with us on this one. I'll be in touch in Recommendations | the next couple of days to firm up our needs. It is recommended that Team Spirit are Best wishes, contacted as soon as possible and informed Nils of our requirements. If possible a staff teambuilding weekend See) should be arranged for March/April Agenda tem — | Discussion | Action Wi Faster elle Mtge hock tim tomorrow about the details of bis visit Can Marketing Plan | The budget | MS to for this was | prepare ee ae ease | approved. —_| detalled ot SS pa | Martin budget by Pecan booking a hotel. Let me know what | Schwarz wil | 21 Feb. help with booking | prepare in info you get 307. I detail for next Thanks, meeting. Das wee 841 am writing to enquire 1 am writing to inform you With reference to your letter of 1am delighted to inform you 1 you wish, I would be happy to. Jam unable to attend due to. ee would like to apologise for ... you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. 1 ook forward to hearing from you in the near future. 5 Look at the phrases below and add them to the table of useful expressions above. {can't make itas .. { regret to inform you 1 can help in any way, please contact me again. I would be grateful if you could ... Thave some good news (about...) Got your message on... Please find attached ... Speak to you / See you soon. 6a Using the table, change the parts in bold in the first ‘email from formal to neutral register. Make any other changes necessary. 6b Using the table, change the parts in bold in the second email from informal to formal register. Make any other changes necessary. 7 Write an email for the following situations. Use the W.RLTES. procedure from Exercise 4. 1 Marco, a colleague from an overseas branch of your company wtote fo you last week. You promised to send some documents to him, but forgot. He has just ‘written again to remind you. 2 Acustomer, Mrs Daley, phoned you and asked you to send her your latest catalogue, 3. Jenny, a friend who works in the same department, wants to go for a drink tonight after work. You are Unable to go as you are going to the cinema, but you could go on Friday. Jam writing to ask/tell you... ’¢ like to find out / let you know about Thank you for your letter of | * Great news! Unfortunately. Sorry, but... Would you ke me to... Shall Could you possibly Please can you J will not be able to.come 5 because Fam sorry aboutffor ... Sorry about/for. « Cali/Mail me if you need more help. Jam attaching Here is Looking forward to meeting § youu. ee Dear Customer 11am writing to advise you of a new development at ‘Shoes 4U. | am delighted to inform you that in futuro you will be able to order online. We aim to provide our Customers with the best possible service. In order to do this, | would be grateful if you could take a few minutes to register your details on the website; after, you ill be able to start using the new servico right away. It you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. ook forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sinceraly, ermal pyr ny Dear Louise, Got your email on Friday. Thank you for the invitation. Sorry, but I ean’( make it as we have ‘a teambuilding seminar that weekend, Please let ‘Mark know about the new products, Please feel free to call/mail me again if you need any more help. Speak to you soon. Denise 85ent ais Raat ie) eres aking decisions eee Samaras Sree ES 1 What do engineers do? Do you know any? What different types are there? 2a Identifying genre Look at the text. Where do you think it comes from? Who isit aimed at? 2b Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Engineers’ contribution to society Origin and definition of engineer Women in engineering Engineering and science Types of engineer 2c Match these inventions with the types of engineering mentioned in the text roads aircraft a washing machine microchips a heart pacemaker roads ~ civil engineering 86 Engineering 9.1 FROM ENGINES TO ENGINEERS When you hear the word engineer, do you think ‘of someone who isa) male? b) boring? or c) dirty? Orall three? ‘Well, time to think again. Engineering has often baen seen ‘as a male profession. For example, only nine percent of US engineers are women, while in the UK itis just over eight percent. However, theie sno reason for this: engineers are simply talented people who make our ‘everyday lives easier. Infact research shows that women make the best problem solvers 2 Gingineers find solutions to problems that are important to society. They control and prevent pollution, develop new medicines, create advanced technologies ang help explore new worlds, They ‘make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier place by inventing, building and improving everything from microchips to household appliances, from skyscrapers to spacecrat. D interestingly the word engineer’ does not come from the word ‘engine In fact comes from the Latin word lingeniosus’ meaning skilled, An engineer is really a clever, practical problem solver Although t ficlds of engineering and science are connected, there are also differences. Ae F While a scientist will ask why problem occurs or happens, an engineer will want to know how to solve the problem. As one writer ‘once said: scientists buildin order to lear, whereas engineers learn in corder to buildLISTENING 3a [EREI Lindsey Barone is one of the few women engineers in a high position. Listen to the interview. What type of engineering has she worked in? 3b Listen again and correct the statements. 1. She started her career in a car ‘manufacturing company. 2. She worked on military aircraft before her present job. 3. She works closely with a lot of other women. 4 She likes engineering because it’s well paid, 4 Work with a partner to following. 1 What did you find most interesting about the interview with Lindsey Barone? 2 Would you like to have her job? WhytWhy not? 3 Why do you think there are fewer female engineers than male engineers? 4 Should there be more women in engineering? Why’Why not? uss the S riceateal sors of oponuiiesne ‘ariery of engineering fields such as aeronautical biomedical, cil, mechanical and computer cengineefing. Engineers work alone or in teams and in locations such as ofices, factories, research labs, ‘outdoors and even cuter space! How mary ofthe ‘modern words greatest engineering achievements sill you use today? A cara computer, atelephone? Think about it Dow s the time for women to engineer the future. Sreak the stereotype. Build acaree.Sign up today! FROM ENGINES TO ENGINEERS VOCABULARY COLLOCATIONS (3) 5a Match the verbs with the most appropriate words and phrases. 1 test a safety tests 2 build b_ abreakthrough 3. solve a problem 4 make d_ adeadline 5 do e atheory 6 do f some research 7 meet g a model/prototype 8 find ha solution 5b Listen to the interview again and check your answers. What other combinations of the words in Exercise 5a can you think of? 5c Complete the sentences with the correct form of the collocations in Exercise 5a. The first letter of the noun is given. 1. Following the accident, engineers had to. _a lot of s before the machine could he used again. 2. Altera long period of failure, they an important b 3. They an imaginative s___to the problem after working, with models in the test lab. 4. One part of the engineering process is to a smaller working m before moving on to a full-size or production version, 5 Itcan take a long time to fully _a complicated t before putting it into practice. 6 The whole team had to a lot of careful r into the causes of the problem. 7 Inthe end we were able to__ the most serious p 8 On many engineering projects there is great pressure to strict d 5d Look back at the reading text and find three different combinations of problem and solve. SPEAKING © Work in small groups. Look at the list of some great engineering achievements and do the following. 1 Add one more achievement to each category. 2 Decide which is the greatest engineering achievement in each category. 3. Give reasons for your choices. around the house entertainment the fridge, the microwave oven, radio, televisi the vacuum cleaner auieian getting around the pyramids, the Etffel Tower, the train, the plane, the car the Panamaanal medicine/health contact lenses, the thermometer, laser surgery the internet Syren hats WRITING. 7 Write a short paragraph about what you think is the greatest engineering achievement. Think about these questions: Why do you think itis the greatest achievement? How has it improved people's lives? What would people’s lives be like without it?2 VOCABULARY HAZARDS AND GLOBAL THREATS ‘Ta “Match the words in the box wit their meanings, asteroid meteor collide deflect meteorite extinction probe hazardous 1 asmall piece of rock or metal that is burning up in the Earth’s atmosphere 2 apiece of rock or metal that has come from space and landed on Earth 3a very large piece of rock that is moving through space 4 a spacectatt without people, sent into space to gather information 5 dangerous 6 make something move in a different diteetion 7 crash violently into something 8 when animals or plants stop existing ‘Ib Complete the text using some of the words from Exercise fa Amassive' might? with the Earth in the year 2040 causing mass 7 Scientists have been discussing howto* potentially * asteroids to prevent them hitting the Earth. One possibility is to send a * to land (on the asteroid and monitor its progress. READING 2 Read the title of the article. How much do you know about the threat of asteroids? Work in small groups and share your information. 3a Read the article quickly and put the topics below into the order they appear inthe text 2005 yuss (Yucatan Peninsula [Methods to avoid collisions with asteroids 99942 Apophis 3b Read the article again and make notes about the four topics. 3e Now work in pairs..Take it in turns to tell your partner about each of the topics without looking at the text. 4 Identifying facts Read the article again and find two known facts and two things that are speculation. 5 Can you think of any other ways of Preventing asteroids hitting the Earth? SURVIVAL ENGINEERING ost scientists agree that the threat of allaige asteroid or meteor hitting the Earth is real 5 although they cannot piedict When such an event will occur However, a recent event in Russia reminded everyone of the danger of meteors and asteroids. n the Urals reqon, on 15 February, a meteor fleshed actoss the sky and broke up cover the city of Chelyabinsk ‘The huge explosion followed by shock waves smashed windows, destroyed roofs and injured around 1200 people. The meteor weighed 1o tonnes and was travelling at an estimated speed 29 of 50,000-60.000 km/h before i dsintegiated. According to residents, it was a teritying exponence, ‘The Earth has been struck 25 meny times in the past by large objects. A meteoiite, estimated tobe ebout twelve kilometres in diameter, colided with the Earth in the region of the Yucatan 2» Penisula (now Mexico) 65 million years ago. Many scientists, and historians believe thet the ction of the dinosaurs ane other animals was a result of 35 this collision Just recently, an asteroid es ig as an aircraft cartier passed within the Moon's orbit tt was the largest object to approach 4 the Earth in more than thit eaisitt nd came within 325,000 kilometres of the Earth, NASA, the US space agency, tracked the asteroid as it epproached, using nigh-p instruments and its massive taco telescope in Puerto Rico, 0 The space agency classifiog the asteroid as ‘potentially nazerdous’ but there was no danger of it colliding with the Earth. However if the asteroid had crashed into the Earth, It.could have caused a huge ‘earthquake if it had fallen into the ocean, it could have produced 3 20-metre tsunami Scientists worldwide are concen 0