c6

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. In legal terminology, a valid contract is a contract that 

A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. has been executed with the proper formalities.
C. is well grounded on principles of evidence.
D. None of these

2. As the term is applied to a test, validity is a judgment or estimate of how well a test 
A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. measures what it purports to measure in a particular context.
C. satisfies the deductions that could logically be made from inferences about it.
D. All of these

3. A test reviewer comes to the conclusion that a certain test is "a valid test." This means that the reviewed test
has been shown to be valid for 
A. a particular use with a particular population for the life of the test.
B. a particular use with a universal population of testtakers for a limited time.
C. universal use with all testtakers for the life of the test.
D. a particular use with a particular population at a particular time.

4. Each of the three approaches to validity assessment in the trinitarian model should BEST be thought of as 
A. mutually exclusive as evidence of a test's validity with any one source necessary and sufficient for
demonstrating a test's validity.
B. one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
C. insufficient, either by themselves or together with the other two, to demonstrate the validity of a test.
D. None of these

5. The validation of a test is a process 

A. that can be carried out by the test author.
B. that can be carried out by the test user.
C. of gathering evidence of the test's validity.
D. All of these

 
6. Comedian Rodney Dangerfield was cited in the text to illustrate a point about how which of the following is
viewed? 
A. test validation
B. content validity
C. face validity
D. construct validity

7. "It's a measure of validity that arrived at by a comprehensive analysis of how scores on the test relate to other
test scores." This statement is a reference to: 
A. face validity
B. content validity
C. the trinitarian index
D. construct validity

8. Messick is to unitarian as __________ is to trinitarian. 

A. Cronbach
B. Lawshe
C. Landy
D. Dangerfield

9. As mentioned in Chapter 6 of your text, the measurement of content validity is particularly important in 
A. classroom settings, where tests will form the basis of a grade.
B. employment settings, where tests may be used to promote employees.
C. courtroom settings, where tests may be used to determine competence.
D. screening for the potential of emission of violent or aggressive behavior.

10. Lawshe's method for gauging agreement among raters is used to derive a measure of 
A. face validity.
B. content validity.
C. criterion-related validity.
D. construct validity.

11. In Chapter 6 of your text, Dr. Adam Shoemaker, the featured professional in Meet an Assessment
Professional, described the use of a test with little criterion validity. Dr. Shoemaker recalled that this test was
used for the purpose of 
A. gauging inter-item consistency of another test.
B. gaining "buy-in" from the test users.
C. providing a "job preview" of sorts to assessees.
D. hiring candidates for mid-level executive positions.

 
12. If a test developer has only a "fuzzy" vision of the construct being measured, then 
A. the content validity of the test is likely to suffer.
B. the construct validity of the test is likely to suffer.
C. content irrelevant to the targeted construct may be measured.
D. All of these

13. Test blueprinting is applied in the design of 

A. an attitude test.
B. a personality test.
C. an aptitude test.
D. All of these

14. In order to remain consistent with a test's blueprint, a test administered on a regular basis is likely to require 
A. item pool management.
B. base rate maintenance.
C. predictive validity certification.
D. None of these

15. Criterion-related validity is to predictive validity as criterion-related validity is to 

A. construct validity.
B. content validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. test bias.

16. A team of consumer psychologists is interested in conducting research to test the palatability of Papa John's
Pizza (PJP), A PJP Palatability Test is developed on the basis of the opinions of a sample of prison inmates
sentenced to life in prison. These same inmates are then used to validate a paper-and-pencil "PJP Palatability
Survey." What error has been committed by the researchers? 
A. The researchers used an inappropriate population to test.
B. The test validation was invalid due to criterion contamination.
C. Convergent evidence was confused with discriminant evidence.
D. A Constitutional prohibition against subjecting prisoners to cruel and unusual punishment was violated

17. It has to do with the degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure
that is not explained by predictors already in use. It is 
A. the false positive rate.
B. evidence of construct validity.
C. predictive validity.
D. incremental validity.

 
18. An expectancy chart is 
A. a graphic representation of an expectancy table.
B. a table illustrating the incremental validity of a test.
C. a pictorial image of a hit rate versus a miss rate.
D. All of these

19. "The effect of instituting this remedy for adverse impact is to make equivalent all scores that fall within a
particular range." The remedy for adverse impact referred to here is technically referred to as 
A. within-group norming.
B. differential cut-offs.
C. preference policies.
D. banding.

20. "How can group differences on cognitive ability tests be reduced while retaining existing high levels of
reliability and criterion-related validity?" According to Gottfredson, the answer to this question 
A. lies in the judicious application of affirmative action strategies.
B. must be answered by measurement professionals for themselves.
C. must come from strategies designed to minimize adverse impact.
D. will not come from measurement-related research.

21. A test is considered valid when the test 

A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. measures whatever it is that it measures consistently.
C. can be administered efficiently and cost-effectively.
D. has little or no error associated with it.

22. Which is NOT a method of evaluating the validity of a test? 

A. evaluating scores on the test as compared to scores obtained on other tests
B. evaluating the content of the test
C. evaluating the percentage of passing and failing grades on the test
D. evaluating test scores as they relate to predictions from a particular theory

23. Predictive and concurrent validity can be subsumed under 

A. content validity.
B. criterion-related validity.
C. face validity.
D. true score validity.

 
24. Relating scores obtained on a test to other test scores or data from other assessment procedures is typically
done in an effort to establish the __________ validity of a test. 
A. content-related
B. criterion-related
C. face
D. about-face

25. Face validity refers to 

A. the most preferred method for determining validity.
B. another name for content validity.
C. the appearance of relevancy of the test items.
D. validity determined by means of face-to-face interviews.

26. Face validity 
A. may influence the way the testtaker approaches the situation.
B. relates more to what the test appears to measure than what the test may actually measure.
C. is given short-shrift as compared to other indices of validity.
D. All of these

27. Which assessment technique is the BEST example of a face valid method? 

A. a personality test in which testtakers are asked to describe what they see in inkblots
B. administering a word processing test to a person applying to be a word processor
C. asking testtakers to draw a picture of their family to assess family relationships
D. measuring the height of applicants applying for a semi-pro basketball team

28. An instructor announces that an examination will cover the topics of reliability and validity. Malcolm boasts
that he will read and study only the material on reliability. As it turns out, all of the test questions are only on
the topic of reliability. The MOST reasonable conclusion a student of assessment could draw from this is that 
A. the examination lacked criterion-related validity.
B. the examination lacked content validity.
C. the examination lacked face validity.
D. it's worth getting to know Malcolm better.

29. Lawshe devised a method for determining agreement among raters or judges who rate items on how
essential they are. This method provides a way to quantify what type of validity? 
A. content
B. construct
C. criterion-related
D. predictive

 
30. Before constructing a comprehensive final examination that covers everything you have studied since Day 1
of your course, your instructor reviews the objectives of the course, the textbook, and all lecture notes. Your
instructor is clearly making a diligent effort to maximize the __________ validity of the final examination. 
A. content
B. criterion-related
C. predictive
D. internal consistency

31. In calculating the content validity ratio, panelists are asked to determine 
A. if the test item has face validity and an acceptable level of reliability.
B. if the test item is too long or too short.
C. if the test item is ambiguous.
D. if the skill or knowledge measured by the item is essential.

32. The minimum value of a content validity ratio necessary to be statistically significant at the .05 level is
dependent on 
A. the number of panelists judging the items.
B. the degree of the construct validity of the test.
C. the number of testtakers.
D. the number of items on the test.

33. A standard against which a test or test score is evaluated is known as 
A. a facet.
B. a correlation coefficient.
C. a validity coefficient.
D. a criterion.

34. Which of the following is BEST be viewed as varieties of criterion-related validity? 

A. concurrent validity and face validity
B. content validity and predictive validity
C. concurrent validity and predictive validity
D. concurrent validity and content validity

35. The form of criterion-related validity that reflects the degree to which a test score is correlated with a
criterion measure obtained at the same time that the test score was obtained is known as: 
A. predictive validity.
B. construct validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. content validity.

 
36. The form of criterion-related validity that reflects the degree to which a test score correlates with a criterion
measure that was obtained some time subsequent to the test score is known as: 
A. predictive validity.
B. construct validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. content validity.

37. A key difference between concurrent and predictive validity has to do with 
A. the time frame during which data on the criterion measure is collected.
B. the magnitude of the reliability coefficient that will be considered significant at the .05 level.
C. the magnitude of the validity coefficient that will be considered significant at the .05 level.
D. Both b and c

38. Which is an example of a criterion? 

A. achievement test scores
B. success in being able to repair a defective toaster
C. student ratings of teaching effectiveness
D. All of these

39.  Criterion contamination occurs when  

A.  the criterion measure is influenced by the predictor measure.
B.  subjects talk to one another about the test.
C.  the characteristic being measured occurs with low frequency in the group being studied.
D.  All of these

40. Which BEST represents an unobtrusive measure of marital adjustment? 

A. the number of years a couple has been married
B. self-ratings of marital satisfaction by each spouse
C. ratings of marital satisfaction made by trained observers
D. None of these

41. According to the text, face validity may ultimately be more of an issue regarding __________ than
________. 
A. social values/psychometric soundness.
B. psychometric soundness/public relations.
C. public relations/psychometric soundness.
D. social values/public perception.

 
42. An investigation of a test's construct validity may yield evidence that 
A. the test is measuring a single construct.
B. the test does not correlate significantly with another test purporting to measure the same construct.
C. test scores increase as a function of age.
D. All of these

43. What type of validity evidence BEST sheds light on how a shorter and less expensive test compares with a
longer and more expensive one? 
A. predictive criterion-related validity
B. concurrent criterion-related validity
C. content validity
D. construct validity

44. What type of validity evidence best sheds light on whether a college admissions test is valid for selecting
students who will complete the program within 4 years? 
A. predictive criterion-related validity
B. concurrent criterion-related validity
C. content validity
D. construct validity

45. Blueprinting is best associated with 

A. construct validity.
B. content validity.
C. criterion-related validity.
D. architectural validity.

46. The magnitude of a validity coefficient may be affected by 

A. attrition of the sample.
B. restriction of range.
C. inflation of range.
D. All of these

47. Which magnitude of validity coefficient is typically acceptable to conclude that a test is valid? 
A. 1.50
B. 1.80
C. above 1.90
D. None of these

 
48. A coefficient of correlation is calculated between Malcolm's score on a test of sociopathy and a clinician's
rating of Malcolm on the variable of sociopathy. This coefficient of correlation might also be referred to as 
A. an index of reliability.
B. an index of sociopathy.
C. a validity coefficient.
D. a content-related validity coefficient.

49. Criterion-related validity can be evaluated through the use of 

A. expectancy data.
B. reliability coefficients.
C. the Rulon formula.
D. None of these

50.  Expectancy tables are used in evaluating  

A.  content validity.
B.  factorial validity.
C.  criterion-related validity.
D.  None of these

51. The percentages included in expectancy tables refer to the number of 

A. tests administered versus tests passed.
B. people obtaining a particular test-score/criterion-score combination.
C. items the test developer expects will be sufficient for the item pool.
D. people who are expected to pass the test but may not be successful at the criterion.

52. Which statement is always TRUE of the criterion in expectancy tables? 

A. The criterion is represented as the number of points scored.
B. The criterion is dichotomized.
C. The criterion is listed by score interval.
D. The criterion can be objectively scored.

53. In an expectancy table, the percentage of employees who are currently successful in a position provides
some indication of: 
A. the validity of the proposed selection measure as compared to another proposed selection measure.
B. the percent successful using current methods of selection.
C. the reliability of the proposed selection measure.
D. the base rate of the proposed selection measure.

 
54. Which measures provide statistical evidence for the judgment of criterion-related validity? 
A. reliability coefficient and content validity ratio
B. validity coefficient and expectancy data
C. validity coefficient and content validity ratio
D. reliability coefficient and expectancy data

55. Employment test data suggests that an individual applicant is incapable of successfully performing a
particular job. However, in reality, this individual would be very successful at the job. This situation exemplifies
what is meant by 
A. a base rate.
B. a false positive.
C. a false negative.
D. an "E" True Hollywood Story.

56. Which is an example of a false positive? 

A. A test identifies a client as schizophrenic when the client is not.
B. A test correctly identifies a client as schizophrenic.
C. A test correctly identifies a client as not having schizophrenia.
D. A test indicates that a client is not schizophrenic when he is.

57. If you were a psychologist working in the field of human resources, which claim for a new personnel
selection test by a test publisher would be MOST persuasive? 
A. The test identifies a large number of false positives.
B. The test improves the hit rate.
C. The test identifies a large base rate.
D. The test improves the selection ratio.

58. A construct is 

A. unobservable.
B. something that describes behavior.
C. something that is assumed to exist.
D. All of these

59. Which qualifies as a construct? 

A. depression
B. intelligence
C. mechanical aptitude
D. All of these

 
60. All validity evidence can be interpreted as ________ validity. 
A. content
B. criterion-related
C. predictive
D. construct

61. Evidence of the homogeneity of a test can be found in the 

A. correlation between a test and some criterion.
B. correlation between test items and total test scores.
C. correlation between subtest scores and total scores.
D. Both b and c

62. Which statistic is appropriate for use to estimating the heterogeneity of a test composed of multiple-choice
items? 
A. point-biserial correlation coefficient
B. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficient
C. coefficient alpha
D. chi square

63. Test scores may be affected in pre- and post-testing by 

A. therapy.
B. medication.
C. education.
D. All of these

64. If a test is a valid measure of a particular construct, we would expect that 

A. groups of people who differ with respect to the construct will obtain different test scores.
B. groups of people who differ with respect to the construct will obtain similar test scores.
C. groups of people who obtain similar scores will have similar personalities.
D. None of these

65. A significant, positive relationship exists between scores on a new test of intelligence and scores on the
fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale. These data may be viewed as supportive of which type of
validity evidence for the new test? 
A. criterion-related validity
B. content validity
C. convergent evidence of construct validity
D. discriminant evidence of construct validity

 
66. A statistically insignificant correlation between scores on a new test of depression and a well established
measure of satisfaction with life may be construed as which type of validity evidence with regard to the test of
depression? 
A. criterion-related validity
B. convergent evidence of construct validity
C. discriminant evidence of construct validity
D. None of these because there was an insignificant relationship.

67. Which is the MOST useful tool in evaluating convergent and discriminant validity evidence? 
A. the Rulon formula
B. a multitrait-multimethod matrix
C. a Greco-Latin squares design
D. an abacus

68. The names attributed to different factor loadings in a factor analysis are 

A. dictated by the factors themselves.
B. subject to change as new analyses occur.
C. thoroughly validated against dictionary definitions.
D. dependent on the researcher's judgment.

69. In the context of test bias, a biased test 

A. may be used fairly.
B. may be used unfairly.
C. may be used either fairly or unfairly.
D. is only used by biased test users.

70. A test is considered to contain a bias if 

A. 50% of the test-takers fail the test.
B. one group, such as males, consistently performs better than another group, such as females.
C. a factor inherent in the test systematically prevents accurate measurement.
D. the test developer was found to harbor prejudice against some group.

71. Which is TRUE regarding a rating? 

A. It refers only to a numerical judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.
B. It refers only to a verbal judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.
C. It tends not to involve a judgment.
D. It refers to either a numerical or a verbal judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.

 
72. Which term is used to refer to the tendency of a rater to evaluate ratees higher than they objectively deserve
because of the rater's inability to discriminate between aspects of the ratee's behavior? 
A. halo effect
B. random error
C. generosity error
D. severity error

73. Rating errors 
A. may be unintentional.
B. may be intentional.
C. may involve a tendency to be lenient in rating.
D. All of these

74. A supervisor unintentionally rates his supervisees less favorably than they really deserve. Which type of
error is at work here? 
A. unconscious error
B. severity error
C. random error
D. vocational error

75. Which type of error has occurred when a music critic's review of Lady GaGa's latest album is more positive
than most person on the planet believe was warranted? 
A. fashion error
B. central tendency error
C. severity error
D. halo effect

76. A rater systematically assigns ratings in the middle range, thus avoiding extremely positive and negative
ratings. Which type of error BEST characterizes this rater's ratings? 
A. leniency error
B. central tendency error
C. severity error
D. halo effect

77. Issues of "fairness" as applied to tests 

A. are seldom discussed in the popular media.
B. may be determined through mathematical procedures.
C. are generally agreed on.
D. are rooted in moral and philosophical issues.

 
78. Quotas may be viewed as one type of remedy for 
A. low reliability of selection tests.
B. previously unfair practices.
C. low validity of selection tests.
D. All of these

79. Which of the following is TRUE of test bias as compared to test fairness? 

A. Test bias is dependent on statistical analyses while test fairness relates to values.
B. Test bias is dependent on values while test fairness relates to statistical analyses.
C. Whether a test is fair can be answered with certainty while whether a test is biased cannot.
D. None of these statements are true.

80. Any definition of test fairness as used in a psychometric context would be likely to include reference to 
A. the percent of items answered correctly by members of different groups.
B. the mean scores earned by various groups on a particular test.
C. the degree to which a test is used in an impartial, just and equitable way.
D. All of these

81. If new predictors explain something about a predicted score that was not already explained by existing
predictors, the new predictor might be praised for its 
A. test-retest reliability.
B. incremental validity.
C. construct validity.
D. face validity.

82. In psychological testing and assessment, bias refers to 

A. random variation in test performance attributable to covert prejudice on the part of the test developer.
B. systematic variation in test performance that is unrelated to the construct that the test is intended to be
measured.
C. a test or testing practice that systematically favors the performance of one group of testtakers over another.
D. All of these

83. Which of the following is the BEST way to minimize test bias? 

A. create separate norm groups for different groups so that any potential bias is reduced.
B. have a panel of experts review the test items at various stages during the test's development.
C. pre-screen examiners to be used in the test administration for any signs of bias or prejudice.
D. employ the multitrait-multimethod matrix to screen items for bias.

 
84. A new test designed to gauge competence to stand trial is found to lack face validity. Which is the MOST
likely consequence of this fact? 
A. Judges will urge assessors to use this test.
B. Lawyers will urge assessors not to use this test.
C. impression management will be less of a factor in the test results.
D. whether defendants are competent will be less of a factor in the test results.

85. Which BEST describes the concept of validity as applied to tests? 

A. It refers to how well a test measures what the test authors intend it to measure
B. It refers to whether the same results could have occurred by chance less than five times in a hundred.
C. It refers to how well a specific sample performs on an administration of a test.
D. It refers to whether or not a test is administered under standardized conditions.

86. Relating to Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), if half of the panelists rated a given item on an
employment test as representing an essential skill required on the job, the item's CVR would 
A. be negative.
B. be zero.
C. be positive.
D. depend on how many panelists there are.

87. A psychologist wants to determine the criterion-related validity of an intelligence test by determining how
well it predicts a student's placement in a special class. If the psychologist used the intelligence test for both
diagnosis and special class placement, that criterion would be said to be 
A. irrelevant.
B. contaminated.
C. invalid.
D. negatively skewed

88. A test developer compares a student's performance on a newly developed math achievement test to the same
student's performance on a well established math achievement test for the purpose of exploring the ________
validity of the new test. 
A. content
B. concurrent criterion-related
C. predictive criterion-related
D. construct

 
89. Comparing SAT scores earned in high school with the first semester college GPA of that same student is a
process related to establishing the ________ validity of the SAT. 
A. content
B. concurrent criterion-related
C. predictive criterion-related
D. construct

90. The results of a predictive validity study of a test will likely be affected most by 
A. the characteristics of the sample tested, such as attrition and self-selection.
B. the number of items on the test, with longer tests demonstrating higher predictive validity.
C. the correlation coefficient chosen to measure the validity.
D. the administration time required for the test compared with that of the criterion test chosen.

91. Which is an example of convergent evidence for the construct validity of a test measuring fear of cats? 
A. a high correlation between the test and an existing validated test measuring fear of cats
B. a high correlation with an existing validated test measuring more-generalized fear
C. a low correlation between the test and a test to measure fear of dogs
D. Both a and b

92. In contrast to a trinitarian view of validity, a unitary view of validity takes into account 
A. two of the three elements of the trinitarian view.
B. none of the elements of the trinitarian view but a new model based on consequences of test use.
C. all three elements of the trinitarian view plus additional factors such as cultural values.
D. None of these

93. If a newly developed test designed to measure happiness correlates with other tests of happiness but not
with tests of sadness, this is referred to as __________________ and _________________ evidence of validity,
respectively. 
A. convergent; discriminant
B. discriminant; convergent
C. homogeneous; concurrent
D. concurrent; homogeneous

94. Which is TRUE regarding the concept of test fairness? 

A. Fairness is relatively easy to determine compared with bias.
B. Fairness is usually determined statistically.
C. Fairness often involves moral/ethical issues.
D. All of these

 
95. Which is TRUE regarding the adjustment of test scores as a function of group membership? 
A. It is illegal for purposes of making hiring or promotion decisions according to the Civil Rights Act of 1991.
B. It is viewed as helping guarantee the proportional representation of various minority groups in the workplace.
C. It is viewed as allowing the preferential treatment of certain groups.
D. All of these

96. The primary purpose of the correlation matrix in the multitrait-multimethod matrix technique is 
A. to break down variables into a smaller number of factors.
B. to create a large number of factors from a basic set of variables.
C. to determine how well a variable correlates with itself.
D. None of these

97. "Unequal levels of difficulty between two groups" characterizes the definition of a biased test that would
MOST probably be a quote from 
A. any random member of the general public.
B. a court
C. a psychometrician.
D. Kourtney and Kim Kardashian.

98. Which of the following is NOT included in the traditional "trinitarian" conceptualization of validity? 
A. face validity
B. content validity
C. construct validity
D. criterion-related validity

99. In studies that indicate that Attention Deficit Disorder occurs in approximately 2% of the population, 2%
represents the __________ for the disorder. 
A. hit rate
B. base rate
C. miss rate
D. sample

 
100. Which of the following is the best definition of hit rate? 
A. the proportion of people the test correctly identifies as possessing a particular trait, behavior, characteristic,
or attribute
B. the proportion of people in the general population who possess the particular trait, behavior, characteristic, or
attribute
C. the proportion of people the test incorrectly identifies as possessing a particular trait, behavior, characteristic,
or attribute
D. the degree of validity of a particular test

101. The extent to which a particular factor contributes to a test score is referred to as a 

A. true score.
B. base rate.
C. factor loading.
D. hit rate.

102. Factor analysis 
A. is a class of mathematical procedures.
B. is a data reduction technique.
C. explains the extent to which a factor or factors explain test scores.
D. All of these

103. Using a test that measures a low base rate trait 

A. will likely result in more correct than incorrect classifications.
B. will likely result in more incorrect than correct classifications.
C. will result in an equal number of correct and incorrect classifications.
D. will have results that cannot be determined based on the information presented.

104. This Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory boasts an accuracy rate of approximately 90%. Properly
interpreted, this means that 
A. 90% of the people who score high on the CAP physically abuse children.
B. 90% of the people who score low on the CAP do not physically abuse children.
C. in groups with a 50% base rate, 90% of those who abuse children are correctly identified.
D. that in groups with a 90% base rate, 50% of those who abuse children are correctly identified.

 
105. If the rate of a particular disorder occurring in the population is low, what impact does this have on the
classification of individuals based on the results of a psychological test? 
A. There will be no impact on the accuracy of the classification.
B. More individuals will be incorrectly classified as not having the disorder.
C. More individuals will be incorrectly classified as having the disorder.
D. The impact cannot be determined based on the information provided.

106. Each of the three approaches to validity assessment in the trinitarian model should BEST be thought of as 
A. mutually exclusive as evidence of a test's validity with any one source necessary and sufficient for
demonstrating a test's validity.
B. one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
C. insufficient, either by themselves or together with the other two, to demonstrate the validity of a test.
D. None of these

 
c6 Key
 

1. In legal terminology, a valid contract is a contract that 

A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. has been executed with the proper formalities.
C. is well grounded on principles of evidence.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #1
 

2. As the term is applied to a test, validity is a judgment or estimate of how well a test 
A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. measures what it purports to measure in a particular context.
C. satisfies the deductions that could logically be made from inferences about it.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #2
 

3. A test reviewer comes to the conclusion that a certain test is "a valid test." This means that the reviewed test
has been shown to be valid for 
A. a particular use with a particular population for the life of the test.
B. a particular use with a universal population of testtakers for a limited time.
C. universal use with all testtakers for the life of the test.
D. a particular use with a particular population at a particular time.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #3
 

4. Each of the three approaches to validity assessment in the trinitarian model should BEST be thought of as 
A. mutually exclusive as evidence of a test's validity with any one source necessary and sufficient for
demonstrating a test's validity.
B. one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
C. insufficient, either by themselves or together with the other two, to demonstrate the validity of a test.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #4
 
5. The validation of a test is a process 
A. that can be carried out by the test author.
B. that can be carried out by the test user.
C. of gathering evidence of the test's validity.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #5
 

6. Comedian Rodney Dangerfield was cited in the text to illustrate a point about how which of the following is
viewed? 
A. test validation
B. content validity
C. face validity
D. construct validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #6
 

7. "It's a measure of validity that arrived at by a comprehensive analysis of how scores on the test relate to other
test scores." This statement is a reference to: 
A. face validity
B. content validity
C. the trinitarian index
D. construct validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #7
 

8. Messick is to unitarian as __________ is to trinitarian. 

A. Cronbach
B. Lawshe
C. Landy
D. Dangerfield

Cohen - Chapter 06 #8
 
9. As mentioned in Chapter 6 of your text, the measurement of content validity is particularly important in 
A. classroom settings, where tests will form the basis of a grade.
B. employment settings, where tests may be used to promote employees.
C. courtroom settings, where tests may be used to determine competence.
D. screening for the potential of emission of violent or aggressive behavior.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #9
 

10. Lawshe's method for gauging agreement among raters is used to derive a measure of 
A. face validity.
B. content validity.
C. criterion-related validity.
D. construct validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #10

 

11. In Chapter 6 of your text, Dr. Adam Shoemaker, the featured professional in Meet an Assessment
Professional, described the use of a test with little criterion validity. Dr. Shoemaker recalled that this test was
used for the purpose of 
A. gauging inter-item consistency of another test.
B. gaining "buy-in" from the test users.
C. providing a "job preview" of sorts to assessees.
D. hiring candidates for mid-level executive positions.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #11

 

12. If a test developer has only a "fuzzy" vision of the construct being measured, then 
A. the content validity of the test is likely to suffer.
B. the construct validity of the test is likely to suffer.
C. content irrelevant to the targeted construct may be measured.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #12

 
13. Test blueprinting is applied in the design of 
A. an attitude test.
B. a personality test.
C. an aptitude test.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #13

 

14. In order to remain consistent with a test's blueprint, a test administered on a regular basis is likely to require 
A. item pool management.
B. base rate maintenance.
C. predictive validity certification.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #14

 

15. Criterion-related validity is to predictive validity as criterion-related validity is to 

A. construct validity.
B. content validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. test bias.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #15

 

16. A team of consumer psychologists is interested in conducting research to test the palatability of Papa John's
Pizza (PJP), A PJP Palatability Test is developed on the basis of the opinions of a sample of prison inmates
sentenced to life in prison. These same inmates are then used to validate a paper-and-pencil "PJP Palatability
Survey." What error has been committed by the researchers? 
A. The researchers used an inappropriate population to test.
B. The test validation was invalid due to criterion contamination.
C. Convergent evidence was confused with discriminant evidence.
D. A Constitutional prohibition against subjecting prisoners to cruel and unusual punishment was violated

Cohen - Chapter 06 #16

 
17. It has to do with the degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure
that is not explained by predictors already in use. It is 
A. the false positive rate.
B. evidence of construct validity.
C. predictive validity.
D. incremental validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #17

 

18. An expectancy chart is 

A. a graphic representation of an expectancy table.
B. a table illustrating the incremental validity of a test.
C. a pictorial image of a hit rate versus a miss rate.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #18

 

19. "The effect of instituting this remedy for adverse impact is to make equivalent all scores that fall within a
particular range." The remedy for adverse impact referred to here is technically referred to as 
A. within-group norming.
B. differential cut-offs.
C. preference policies.
D. banding.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #19

 

20. "How can group differences on cognitive ability tests be reduced while retaining existing high levels of
reliability and criterion-related validity?" According to Gottfredson, the answer to this question 
A. lies in the judicious application of affirmative action strategies.
B. must be answered by measurement professionals for themselves.
C. must come from strategies designed to minimize adverse impact.
D. will not come from measurement-related research.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #20

 
21. A test is considered valid when the test 
A. measures what it purports to measure.
B. measures whatever it is that it measures consistently.
C. can be administered efficiently and cost-effectively.
D. has little or no error associated with it.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #21

 

22. Which is NOT a method of evaluating the validity of a test? 

A. evaluating scores on the test as compared to scores obtained on other tests
B. evaluating the content of the test
C. evaluating the percentage of passing and failing grades on the test
D. evaluating test scores as they relate to predictions from a particular theory

Cohen - Chapter 06 #22

 

23. Predictive and concurrent validity can be subsumed under 

A. content validity.
B. criterion-related validity.
C. face validity.
D. true score validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #23

 

24. Relating scores obtained on a test to other test scores or data from other assessment procedures is typically
done in an effort to establish the __________ validity of a test. 
A. content-related
B. criterion-related
C. face
D. about-face

Cohen - Chapter 06 #24

 

25. Face validity refers to 

A. the most preferred method for determining validity.
B. another name for content validity.
C. the appearance of relevancy of the test items.
D. validity determined by means of face-to-face interviews.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #25

 
26. Face validity 
A. may influence the way the testtaker approaches the situation.
B. relates more to what the test appears to measure than what the test may actually measure.
C. is given short-shrift as compared to other indices of validity.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #26

 

27. Which assessment technique is the BEST example of a face valid method? 

A. a personality test in which testtakers are asked to describe what they see in inkblots
B. administering a word processing test to a person applying to be a word processor
C. asking testtakers to draw a picture of their family to assess family relationships
D. measuring the height of applicants applying for a semi-pro basketball team

Cohen - Chapter 06 #27

 

28. An instructor announces that an examination will cover the topics of reliability and validity. Malcolm boasts
that he will read and study only the material on reliability. As it turns out, all of the test questions are only on
the topic of reliability. The MOST reasonable conclusion a student of assessment could draw from this is that 
A. the examination lacked criterion-related validity.
B. the examination lacked content validity.
C. the examination lacked face validity.
D. it's worth getting to know Malcolm better.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #28

 

29. Lawshe devised a method for determining agreement among raters or judges who rate items on how
essential they are. This method provides a way to quantify what type of validity? 
A. content
B. construct
C. criterion-related
D. predictive

Cohen - Chapter 06 #29

 
30. Before constructing a comprehensive final examination that covers everything you have studied since Day 1
of your course, your instructor reviews the objectives of the course, the textbook, and all lecture notes. Your
instructor is clearly making a diligent effort to maximize the __________ validity of the final examination. 
A. content
B. criterion-related
C. predictive
D. internal consistency

Cohen - Chapter 06 #30

 

31. In calculating the content validity ratio, panelists are asked to determine 
A. if the test item has face validity and an acceptable level of reliability.
B. if the test item is too long or too short.
C. if the test item is ambiguous.
D. if the skill or knowledge measured by the item is essential.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #31

 

32. The minimum value of a content validity ratio necessary to be statistically significant at the .05 level is
dependent on 
A. the number of panelists judging the items.
B. the degree of the construct validity of the test.
C. the number of testtakers.
D. the number of items on the test.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #32

 

33. A standard against which a test or test score is evaluated is known as 
A. a facet.
B. a correlation coefficient.
C. a validity coefficient.
D. a criterion.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #33

 
34. Which of the following is BEST be viewed as varieties of criterion-related validity? 
A. concurrent validity and face validity
B. content validity and predictive validity
C. concurrent validity and predictive validity
D. concurrent validity and content validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #34

 

35. The form of criterion-related validity that reflects the degree to which a test score is correlated with a
criterion measure obtained at the same time that the test score was obtained is known as: 
A. predictive validity.
B. construct validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. content validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #35

 

36. The form of criterion-related validity that reflects the degree to which a test score correlates with a criterion
measure that was obtained some time subsequent to the test score is known as: 
A. predictive validity.
B. construct validity.
C. concurrent validity.
D. content validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #36

 

37. A key difference between concurrent and predictive validity has to do with 
A. the time frame during which data on the criterion measure is collected.
B. the magnitude of the reliability coefficient that will be considered significant at the .05 level.
C. the magnitude of the validity coefficient that will be considered significant at the .05 level.
D. Both b and c

Cohen - Chapter 06 #37

 
38. Which is an example of a criterion? 
A. achievement test scores
B. success in being able to repair a defective toaster
C. student ratings of teaching effectiveness
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #38

 

39.  Criterion contamination occurs when  

A.  the criterion measure is influenced by the predictor measure.
B.  subjects talk to one another about the test.
C.  the characteristic being measured occurs with low frequency in the group being studied.
D.  All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #39

 

40. Which BEST represents an unobtrusive measure of marital adjustment? 

A. the number of years a couple has been married
B. self-ratings of marital satisfaction by each spouse
C. ratings of marital satisfaction made by trained observers
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #40

 

41. According to the text, face validity may ultimately be more of an issue regarding __________ than
________. 
A. social values/psychometric soundness.
B. psychometric soundness/public relations.
C. public relations/psychometric soundness.
D. social values/public perception.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #41

 

42. An investigation of a test's construct validity may yield evidence that 

A. the test is measuring a single construct.
B. the test does not correlate significantly with another test purporting to measure the same construct.
C. test scores increase as a function of age.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #42

 
43. What type of validity evidence BEST sheds light on how a shorter and less expensive test compares with a
longer and more expensive one? 
A. predictive criterion-related validity
B. concurrent criterion-related validity
C. content validity
D. construct validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #43

 

44. What type of validity evidence best sheds light on whether a college admissions test is valid for selecting
students who will complete the program within 4 years? 
A. predictive criterion-related validity
B. concurrent criterion-related validity
C. content validity
D. construct validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #44

 

45. Blueprinting is best associated with 

A. construct validity.
B. content validity.
C. criterion-related validity.
D. architectural validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #45

 

46. The magnitude of a validity coefficient may be affected by 

A. attrition of the sample.
B. restriction of range.
C. inflation of range.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #46

 
47. Which magnitude of validity coefficient is typically acceptable to conclude that a test is valid? 
A. 1.50
B. 1.80
C. above 1.90
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #47

 

48. A coefficient of correlation is calculated between Malcolm's score on a test of sociopathy and a clinician's
rating of Malcolm on the variable of sociopathy. This coefficient of correlation might also be referred to as 
A. an index of reliability.
B. an index of sociopathy.
C. a validity coefficient.
D. a content-related validity coefficient.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #48

 

49. Criterion-related validity can be evaluated through the use of 

A. expectancy data.
B. reliability coefficients.
C. the Rulon formula.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #49

 

50.  Expectancy tables are used in evaluating  

A.  content validity.
B.  factorial validity.
C.  criterion-related validity.
D.  None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #50

 

51. The percentages included in expectancy tables refer to the number of 

A. tests administered versus tests passed.
B. people obtaining a particular test-score/criterion-score combination.
C. items the test developer expects will be sufficient for the item pool.
D. people who are expected to pass the test but may not be successful at the criterion.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #51

 
52. Which statement is always TRUE of the criterion in expectancy tables? 
A. The criterion is represented as the number of points scored.
B. The criterion is dichotomized.
C. The criterion is listed by score interval.
D. The criterion can be objectively scored.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #52

 

53. In an expectancy table, the percentage of employees who are currently successful in a position provides
some indication of: 
A. the validity of the proposed selection measure as compared to another proposed selection measure.
B. the percent successful using current methods of selection.
C. the reliability of the proposed selection measure.
D. the base rate of the proposed selection measure.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #53

 

54. Which measures provide statistical evidence for the judgment of criterion-related validity? 
A. reliability coefficient and content validity ratio
B. validity coefficient and expectancy data
C. validity coefficient and content validity ratio
D. reliability coefficient and expectancy data

Cohen - Chapter 06 #54

 

55. Employment test data suggests that an individual applicant is incapable of successfully performing a
particular job. However, in reality, this individual would be very successful at the job. This situation exemplifies
what is meant by 
A. a base rate.
B. a false positive.
C. a false negative.
D. an "E" True Hollywood Story.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #55

 
56. Which is an example of a false positive? 
A. A test identifies a client as schizophrenic when the client is not.
B. A test correctly identifies a client as schizophrenic.
C. A test correctly identifies a client as not having schizophrenia.
D. A test indicates that a client is not schizophrenic when he is.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #56

 

57. If you were a psychologist working in the field of human resources, which claim for a new personnel
selection test by a test publisher would be MOST persuasive? 
A. The test identifies a large number of false positives.
B. The test improves the hit rate.
C. The test identifies a large base rate.
D. The test improves the selection ratio.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #57

 

58. A construct is 

A. unobservable.
B. something that describes behavior.
C. something that is assumed to exist.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #58

 

59. Which qualifies as a construct? 

A. depression
B. intelligence
C. mechanical aptitude
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #59

 

60. All validity evidence can be interpreted as ________ validity. 

A. content
B. criterion-related
C. predictive
D. construct

Cohen - Chapter 06 #60

 
61. Evidence of the homogeneity of a test can be found in the 
A. correlation between a test and some criterion.
B. correlation between test items and total test scores.
C. correlation between subtest scores and total scores.
D. Both b and c

Cohen - Chapter 06 #61

 

62. Which statistic is appropriate for use to estimating the heterogeneity of a test composed of multiple-choice
items? 
A. point-biserial correlation coefficient
B. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficient
C. coefficient alpha
D. chi square

Cohen - Chapter 06 #62

 

63. Test scores may be affected in pre- and post-testing by 

A. therapy.
B. medication.
C. education.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #63

 

64. If a test is a valid measure of a particular construct, we would expect that 

A. groups of people who differ with respect to the construct will obtain different test scores.
B. groups of people who differ with respect to the construct will obtain similar test scores.
C. groups of people who obtain similar scores will have similar personalities.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #64

 
65. A significant, positive relationship exists between scores on a new test of intelligence and scores on the
fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale. These data may be viewed as supportive of which type of
validity evidence for the new test? 
A. criterion-related validity
B. content validity
C. convergent evidence of construct validity
D. discriminant evidence of construct validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #65

 

66. A statistically insignificant correlation between scores on a new test of depression and a well established
measure of satisfaction with life may be construed as which type of validity evidence with regard to the test of
depression? 
A. criterion-related validity
B. convergent evidence of construct validity
C. discriminant evidence of construct validity
D. None of these because there was an insignificant relationship.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #66

 

67. Which is the MOST useful tool in evaluating convergent and discriminant validity evidence? 
A. the Rulon formula
B. a multitrait-multimethod matrix
C. a Greco-Latin squares design
D. an abacus

Cohen - Chapter 06 #67

 

68. The names attributed to different factor loadings in a factor analysis are 

A. dictated by the factors themselves.
B. subject to change as new analyses occur.
C. thoroughly validated against dictionary definitions.
D. dependent on the researcher's judgment.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #68

 
69. In the context of test bias, a biased test 
A. may be used fairly.
B. may be used unfairly.
C. may be used either fairly or unfairly.
D. is only used by biased test users.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #69

 

70. A test is considered to contain a bias if 

A. 50% of the test-takers fail the test.
B. one group, such as males, consistently performs better than another group, such as females.
C. a factor inherent in the test systematically prevents accurate measurement.
D. the test developer was found to harbor prejudice against some group.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #70

 

71. Which is TRUE regarding a rating? 

A. It refers only to a numerical judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.
B. It refers only to a verbal judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.
C. It tends not to involve a judgment.
D. It refers to either a numerical or a verbal judgment that places a person or an attribute along a continuum.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #71

 

72. Which term is used to refer to the tendency of a rater to evaluate ratees higher than they objectively deserve
because of the rater's inability to discriminate between aspects of the ratee's behavior? 
A. halo effect
B. random error
C. generosity error
D. severity error

Cohen - Chapter 06 #72

 

73. Rating errors 
A. may be unintentional.
B. may be intentional.
C. may involve a tendency to be lenient in rating.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #73

 
74. A supervisor unintentionally rates his supervisees less favorably than they really deserve. Which type of
error is at work here? 
A. unconscious error
B. severity error
C. random error
D. vocational error

Cohen - Chapter 06 #74

 

75. Which type of error has occurred when a music critic's review of Lady GaGa's latest album is more positive
than most person on the planet believe was warranted? 
A. fashion error
B. central tendency error
C. severity error
D. halo effect

Cohen - Chapter 06 #75

 

76. A rater systematically assigns ratings in the middle range, thus avoiding extremely positive and negative
ratings. Which type of error BEST characterizes this rater's ratings? 
A. leniency error
B. central tendency error
C. severity error
D. halo effect

Cohen - Chapter 06 #76

 

77. Issues of "fairness" as applied to tests 

A. are seldom discussed in the popular media.
B. may be determined through mathematical procedures.
C. are generally agreed on.
D. are rooted in moral and philosophical issues.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #77

 
78. Quotas may be viewed as one type of remedy for 
A. low reliability of selection tests.
B. previously unfair practices.
C. low validity of selection tests.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #78

 

79. Which of the following is TRUE of test bias as compared to test fairness? 

A. Test bias is dependent on statistical analyses while test fairness relates to values.
B. Test bias is dependent on values while test fairness relates to statistical analyses.
C. Whether a test is fair can be answered with certainty while whether a test is biased cannot.
D. None of these statements are true.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #79

 

80. Any definition of test fairness as used in a psychometric context would be likely to include reference to 
A. the percent of items answered correctly by members of different groups.
B. the mean scores earned by various groups on a particular test.
C. the degree to which a test is used in an impartial, just and equitable way.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #80

 

81. If new predictors explain something about a predicted score that was not already explained by existing
predictors, the new predictor might be praised for its 
A. test-retest reliability.
B. incremental validity.
C. construct validity.
D. face validity.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #81

 
82. In psychological testing and assessment, bias refers to 
A. random variation in test performance attributable to covert prejudice on the part of the test developer.
B. systematic variation in test performance that is unrelated to the construct that the test is intended to be
measured.
C. a test or testing practice that systematically favors the performance of one group of testtakers over another.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #82

 

83. Which of the following is the BEST way to minimize test bias? 

A. create separate norm groups for different groups so that any potential bias is reduced.
B. have a panel of experts review the test items at various stages during the test's development.
C. pre-screen examiners to be used in the test administration for any signs of bias or prejudice.
D. employ the multitrait-multimethod matrix to screen items for bias.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #83

 

84. A new test designed to gauge competence to stand trial is found to lack face validity. Which is the MOST
likely consequence of this fact? 
A. Judges will urge assessors to use this test.
B. Lawyers will urge assessors not to use this test.
C. impression management will be less of a factor in the test results.
D. whether defendants are competent will be less of a factor in the test results.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #84

 

85. Which BEST describes the concept of validity as applied to tests? 

A. It refers to how well a test measures what the test authors intend it to measure
B. It refers to whether the same results could have occurred by chance less than five times in a hundred.
C. It refers to how well a specific sample performs on an administration of a test.
D. It refers to whether or not a test is administered under standardized conditions.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #85

 
86. Relating to Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), if half of the panelists rated a given item on an
employment test as representing an essential skill required on the job, the item's CVR would 
A. be negative.
B. be zero.
C. be positive.
D. depend on how many panelists there are.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #86

 

87. A psychologist wants to determine the criterion-related validity of an intelligence test by determining how
well it predicts a student's placement in a special class. If the psychologist used the intelligence test for both
diagnosis and special class placement, that criterion would be said to be 
A. irrelevant.
B. contaminated.
C. invalid.
D. negatively skewed

Cohen - Chapter 06 #87

 

88. A test developer compares a student's performance on a newly developed math achievement test to the same
student's performance on a well established math achievement test for the purpose of exploring the ________
validity of the new test. 
A. content
B. concurrent criterion-related
C. predictive criterion-related
D. construct

Cohen - Chapter 06 #88

 

89. Comparing SAT scores earned in high school with the first semester college GPA of that same student is a
process related to establishing the ________ validity of the SAT. 
A. content
B. concurrent criterion-related
C. predictive criterion-related
D. construct

Cohen - Chapter 06 #89

 
90. The results of a predictive validity study of a test will likely be affected most by 
A. the characteristics of the sample tested, such as attrition and self-selection.
B. the number of items on the test, with longer tests demonstrating higher predictive validity.
C. the correlation coefficient chosen to measure the validity.
D. the administration time required for the test compared with that of the criterion test chosen.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #90

 

91. Which is an example of convergent evidence for the construct validity of a test measuring fear of cats? 
A. a high correlation between the test and an existing validated test measuring fear of cats
B. a high correlation with an existing validated test measuring more-generalized fear
C. a low correlation between the test and a test to measure fear of dogs
D. Both a and b

Cohen - Chapter 06 #91

 

92. In contrast to a trinitarian view of validity, a unitary view of validity takes into account 
A. two of the three elements of the trinitarian view.
B. none of the elements of the trinitarian view but a new model based on consequences of test use.
C. all three elements of the trinitarian view plus additional factors such as cultural values.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #92

 

93. If a newly developed test designed to measure happiness correlates with other tests of happiness but not
with tests of sadness, this is referred to as __________________ and _________________ evidence of validity,
respectively. 
A. convergent; discriminant
B. discriminant; convergent
C. homogeneous; concurrent
D. concurrent; homogeneous

Cohen - Chapter 06 #93

 
94. Which is TRUE regarding the concept of test fairness? 
A. Fairness is relatively easy to determine compared with bias.
B. Fairness is usually determined statistically.
C. Fairness often involves moral/ethical issues.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #94

 

95. Which is TRUE regarding the adjustment of test scores as a function of group membership? 
A. It is illegal for purposes of making hiring or promotion decisions according to the Civil Rights Act of 1991.
B. It is viewed as helping guarantee the proportional representation of various minority groups in the workplace.
C. It is viewed as allowing the preferential treatment of certain groups.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #95

 

96. The primary purpose of the correlation matrix in the multitrait-multimethod matrix technique is 
A. to break down variables into a smaller number of factors.
B. to create a large number of factors from a basic set of variables.
C. to determine how well a variable correlates with itself.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #96

 

97. "Unequal levels of difficulty between two groups" characterizes the definition of a biased test that would
MOST probably be a quote from 
A. any random member of the general public.
B. a court
C. a psychometrician.
D. Kourtney and Kim Kardashian.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #97

 

98. Which of the following is NOT included in the traditional "trinitarian" conceptualization of validity? 
A. face validity
B. content validity
C. construct validity
D. criterion-related validity

Cohen - Chapter 06 #98

 
99. In studies that indicate that Attention Deficit Disorder occurs in approximately 2% of the population, 2%
represents the __________ for the disorder. 
A. hit rate
B. base rate
C. miss rate
D. sample

Cohen - Chapter 06 #99

 

100. Which of the following is the best definition of hit rate? 

A. the proportion of people the test correctly identifies as possessing a particular trait, behavior, characteristic,
or attribute
B. the proportion of people in the general population who possess the particular trait, behavior, characteristic, or
attribute
C. the proportion of people the test incorrectly identifies as possessing a particular trait, behavior, characteristic,
or attribute
D. the degree of validity of a particular test

Cohen - Chapter 06 #100

 

101. The extent to which a particular factor contributes to a test score is referred to as a 

A. true score.
B. base rate.
C. factor loading.
D. hit rate.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #101

 

102. Factor analysis 
A. is a class of mathematical procedures.
B. is a data reduction technique.
C. explains the extent to which a factor or factors explain test scores.
D. All of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #102

 
103. Using a test that measures a low base rate trait 
A. will likely result in more correct than incorrect classifications.
B. will likely result in more incorrect than correct classifications.
C. will result in an equal number of correct and incorrect classifications.
D. will have results that cannot be determined based on the information presented.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #103

 

104. This Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory boasts an accuracy rate of approximately 90%. Properly
interpreted, this means that 
A. 90% of the people who score high on the CAP physically abuse children.
B. 90% of the people who score low on the CAP do not physically abuse children.
C. in groups with a 50% base rate, 90% of those who abuse children are correctly identified.
D. that in groups with a 90% base rate, 50% of those who abuse children are correctly identified.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #104

 

105. If the rate of a particular disorder occurring in the population is low, what impact does this have on the
classification of individuals based on the results of a psychological test? 
A. There will be no impact on the accuracy of the classification.
B. More individuals will be incorrectly classified as not having the disorder.
C. More individuals will be incorrectly classified as having the disorder.
D. The impact cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Cohen - Chapter 06 #105

 

106. Each of the three approaches to validity assessment in the trinitarian model should BEST be thought of as 
A. mutually exclusive as evidence of a test's validity with any one source necessary and sufficient for
demonstrating a test's validity.
B. one type of evidence that, with others, contributes to a judgment concerning the validity of a test.
C. insufficient, either by themselves or together with the other two, to demonstrate the validity of a test.
D. None of these

Cohen - Chapter 06 #106

 
c6 Summary

Category #  of  Question

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