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01 - Process Modeling PDF

This document discusses various aspects of process modeling. It defines a process model and describes physical and mathematical modeling approaches. It classifies models as deterministic or stochastic, and lumped parameter or distributed parameter. It also discusses black-box, white-box, and gray-box models, and how models can be classified based on their inputs, outputs, and other characteristics. The document provides examples and explanations of these modeling concepts and techniques.

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78 views

01 - Process Modeling PDF

This document discusses various aspects of process modeling. It defines a process model and describes physical and mathematical modeling approaches. It classifies models as deterministic or stochastic, and lumped parameter or distributed parameter. It also discusses black-box, white-box, and gray-box models, and how models can be classified based on their inputs, outputs, and other characteristics. The document provides examples and explanations of these modeling concepts and techniques.

Uploaded by

Jd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Modeling,

Simulation & Optimization


2180503

Presentation-I

Modeling Aspects

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Chapter-1: Modeling Aspects:
• Definition of process model
• Physical and mathematical modeling
• Deterministic and stochastic process
• Classification of models
• Model building
• Black-box model
• White box model
• Gray model
• Classification of mathematical methods

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Definition of process model
A model is a simplified representation of those aspect of an
actual process that are being investigate

Transforming the real-world problem into an appropriate prototype structure


• Process models are used for four main purposes:
• Estimation
• Prediction
• Optimization
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Physical and Mathematical Modeling
• Modeling is sub divided into two groups:
• Physical modeling
• Mathematical modeling
• Physical modeling:
• Real process is reproduced physically on a small scale.
• The experiments are performed directly on real process.
• Experimental data collected are reduced to relation ship involving dimensionless
numbers.

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Example of Physical modeling
• For modeling and scale-up of Agitated vessel
• Reynolds number should be same for both model and
prototype, Rem = Rep

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Classification of mathematical methods

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Independent Variable, Dependent Variable and Parameters
Dependent variable:
• These are the quantities describing system which varied when independent variable
changes. Ex. : concentration, yield
Independent variable:
• These are the quantities describing system which can be varied independently variable
changes. Ex. : time and coordinate variables
Parameters:
• The quantities which remain constant during experiment but can have different value
for different experiments or system
Ex. : overall dimensions of the apparatus, flow rates, heat transfer coefficients, thermal
conductivity, heat capacity, density
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Classification of Mathematical modeling:
•Classification based on variation of independent variables
Distributed Parameter model [DP]
• The basic process variables vary with both time and space
• Formulated as partial differential equation
• Lumped Parameter model [LP]
• The basic process variables vary with only time
• Formulated as ordinary differential equation

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Classification of Mathematical modeling:
• Complete mathematical model
• It combines the following:
• The basic process variable
• relationships between the basic process variables under static or steady state conditions
• Constraints
• Optimally criteria
• Objective function
• relationships between the basic process variables under dynamic or un steady state conditions

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Stages in the development of a complete mathematical model for a process

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Classification of Mathematical modeling:
• Based on Type of the process :
• Rigid Model [Deterministic Model]
• Usually describe deterministic process without the use of probability distribution.
• Stochastic Model [ Probabilistic Model]
• Usually describe Stochastic (random) process this uses the probability
distribution.
• Model is Analytical or Numerical depending on whether solution is
obtained Analytically or Numerically.
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Principles of formulation of model
Assumptions :
◦ An engineering compromise between a rigorous description and
getting an answer that is good enough is always required.
◦ The assumptions that are made should be carefully considered and
listed.
◦ They impose limitations on the model that should always be kept in
mind when evaluating its predicted results.
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Classification of models based on input and output data
• White box models
• the model structure is known and deterministic.
• uncertainty is discarded and the model tends to be over specified.
• Black box models
• data based models -input/output models.
• the model and its parameters have little physical significance.
• Grey box models
• between white and black box models
• Combines prior physical knowledge with information in data.
• The model is not completely described by physical equations, but equations and the parameters
are physically interpretable.

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Quiz
Lumped parameter is homogenous and consistent throughout the system.
True or False
Give an example of Stochastic process..??
Explain difference between black box and grey box model.
Stochastic model is also know as _____ model.
Rigid model is also know as _____ model.
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