International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S3, July 2019

A Research on Sustainable Development in India

Sajjan Choudhuri

 This study is based on only single data source, Web of

Abstract— This research paper is a systematic review of Science on 10/04/2019..
sustainable development initiatives in India. In this systematic
review, forty articles related with sustainable development in India 2.2 Selection of key themes for literature review
(2014-2019) had been reviewed from the source of multiple This paper classifies all the 17 SDGs into four broad
sources. This study found that there are only few literature themes and the literatures had been reviewed on basis of
regarding sustainable development initiatives in India and many
of the SDG’s were unexplored by the researchers. This research is
themes and SDGs. This paper aims to find out the research
concluded by identifying the SDGs of gender equality, reduction gaps in themes and to identify the futuristic areas of research
in inequality, peace and justice, and responsible consumption and in the concept of sustainable development in India
production as the most promising niches for future research in the
area of sustainable development initiatives in India. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable Development, SDG, 3.1 Goals of Economic Development

Sustainable Development Goals. With reference to SDG of “Sustainable cities”, a
comparative study on progress of the concept of sustainable
1. INTRODUCTION cities in India and Germany was studied by (Koch and
Sustainable development is the key for overall prosperity Ahmad 2018). The study considered the parameters of
of the world. The word sustainable development has many resilience, safety and inclusiveness.
definitions and the most popular definition had been coined With regards to SDG of “decent work and economic
by report of “Brundtland”, which defines sustainable growth”, Infrastructure is the key factor growth of any
development as “development that meets the needs of present economy. The funding problem due for huge infra projects
without compromising the ability of future generations to are now executed through PPP model, and the evolution,
meet their own needs”. To achieve sustainable development rationale, benefits and challenges of PPP model of huge infra
of prosperity and for protecting planet by 2030, SDG, i. e projects like airports in India was studied by (Kaur and
Sustainable Development Goals had been developed. There Prashanthi 2015). The problems and prospects of mining in
are 17 SDGs and have specific targets for each. The detailed India and potential of sustainable mining activities in India
list of sustainable development goals had been given in the was studied by (Gupta and Raghuwanshi 2015). The role of
following list. This article has the objective of consolidating urban rail in sustainable development of Indian cities was
the literature on sustainable development activities in India of studied by (R Sharma and Newman 2017) at the same time
last two decades and to arrange them according to various the quality evaluation of sustainable bus services in Patna
SDGs. This article also aims to evaluate the progress India was studied by (Sinha, Sadhukhan, and Priye 2017) and
had made in sustainable development in last five years. This sorted out the positive and negative parameters on bus
paper is divided into five parts. quality.
3.2 Goals on Environment
Figure 1: Publications (Year wise)
With regards to SDG of “ Life on land”, the economic,
social and ecological issues of four selected Forestry clean
development mechanism had been studied by (Aggarwal
2014) out of which three of them were found to be
economically unsustainable. The study also found that the
plants used in these projects were having a number of adverse
ecological and social impacts on long term. The study
concluded by recommending a second thought on CDM
projects in comparison with Green India Mission and
REDD+ mission. The study on medicinal plant cultivation

2. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
2.1 Selection of Journals and proceedings

Revised Manuscript Received on July 10, 2019.

Dr Sajjan Choudhuri, Associate Professor, Chandigarh University
Punjab, India.
(e-mail [email protected])

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DOI : 10.35940/ijrte.B1226.0782S319 1210 & Sciences Publication
 A Research on Sustainable Development in India

and sustainable development of Bengal was conducted by However there had been arguments that the sustainability of
(Ghosh and Chatterjee 2016). The study by (Mell and watersheds is short run. An integrated hydrogeological study
Sturzaker 2014) had researched on the sustainable urban for ground water management was conducted by (Madhnure,
development in land constrained area of Darjeeling. Peddi, and Allani 2016). The water quality problems due to
With regard to the SDG of “ Life below water”, the Indian tannery pollutants in Palar river in South India was studied by
initiative and progress in reduction of greenhouse gas (Sonkamble et al. 2014).
emission with regard to targets of NDC(Nationally A detailed study on India’s initiatives towards SDG of
determined contributions) was studied by (Byravan et al. “clean water and sanitation” was conducted by (Roy and
2017) and found that India is progressing positively to the Pramanick 2019) by analyzing 28 parameters divided into
2030 emission targets. The vulnerability of coastal districts of two categories of social and biophysical. The study also
Tamil Nadu to the climate variability was studied with the found the interrelation of SDG of “water and sanity” with
variables of ground water, agriculture and fisheries by SDG of “Health” and SDG “poverty”. The study concluded
(Ramachandran et al. 2016). The most vulnerable variable of that a positive increase in sanitation indicators would
each district was identified and the adaptive measures to be improve water and sanitation related diseases.
taken for each had been given on a priority basis. With regards to SDG “No hunger”, a study the progress,
linkages and disconnects of India towards food security and
3.3 Goals of Equality and Justice
nutrition was conducted by (Das, Sharma, and Babu 2018)
With regards to SDG of “Partnerships to achieve goals”, and the study found that southern states are far better than
Indo-China opportunities on science and technology for their counter parts in the area of food security and nutrition.
sustainable development of selected Himalayan regions was The study concluded by recommending for reforms in
studied by (E. Sharma 2017). Similarly the mutual coordination and approach for achieving 2030 targets of food
understanding and partnership between India and EU security and nutrition.
regarding green and sustainable development initiatives was With regard to the SDG of “Education” The sustainability
studied in detail by (Prasad 2017). of Higher Education Institutes in India was studied by
With regards to the SDG of “ Gender equality”, the role of (Parvez and Agrawal 2019), after considering parameters and
commercial banks in supporting women entrepreneurship indicators of “STARS” and “ UI Green Metric WUR” and
and improving gender equality in doing business was studied found that around 50% parameters of the above benchmarks
by (Deepa 2014). With regarding the SDG of “equality”, an were not complied. The study pointed out the need for report
evaluative study on empowerment of local communities of specific rating parameters for HEI’s in India.
Mizoram was documented by the research of (Lalneihzovi With regards to SDG of “ Energy”, the challenges of
2015). conserving energy, the current mix of energy sources in India
3.4 Goals of Welfare and the role of energy security and sustainable development
in India was described by (Gouri 2015). The role of
With regard to the challenges of Civil society
globalization in the energy demand in India was analyzed by
Organizations in sustainable agriculture in India, a study (Shahbaz et al. 2016).The study conducted by (Srikanth
conducted by (Brown 2016) identified that apart from 2018). The study results of (Kar 2015) had concluded that the
technological innovation, the power of state, donor natural gas would be the most preferred green energy for
organizations, activists network, rural elites and rural poor India in the upcoming decades. Biogas potential as an energy
are the key factors influencing sustainable agriculture in solution to energy basket of India was suggested in the study
India. The role agriculture and climate change adaptation for of (Lohan et al. 2015). The need, prospects, application and
sustainable development of India was described by (Usman barriers of solar energy infusion into Indian energy Basket
2017). had been reviewed by (Manju and Sagar 2017). The problem
With regards to the SDG of “ Clean water and sanitation”, of energy poverty and the impact of new energy policies,
The successfulness of using technology for assessing water popularization of alternate fuels and associated challenges
potential, Geo informatics in ground water potential with sustainable development of energy in India had been
mapping in Micro watershed in Tirunelveli was conducted by described in the work of (Jewitt and Raman 2017).
(Narmada, Gobinath, and Bhaskarana 2015) and similar Rural electrification is a great challenge in India,
study on Amravati River basin was conducted by especially remote areas and the need for micro solar energy
(Anbazhagan and Jothibasu 2016). The ground water systems for facilitating rural electrification and sustainable
potential of Ganga Alluvial Plain was studied by (Patra, development in rural and remote areas of North Eastern India
Mishra, and Mahapatra 2018) by using remote sensing, GIS was pointed out in the study of (Dhiman et al. 2017), after
and analytical hierarchy process. The study had developed a considering the challenges of remote locations, dispersed
ground water potential map by classifying areas as good, population density and high transmission cost. A much
moderate and poor. At the same time the need for prioritizing similar study quoting applicability of solar solutions for rural
the need for water sheds for sustainable development in Swan electrification was conducted by (Jasrotia et al. 2018). The
Catchment area of Himachal Pradesh was studied by (Batar, possibilities and benefits of two hybrid energy model for
Singh, and Kumar 2016) by using the parameters of soil, rural and remote regions was studied by (Renu Sharma and
drainage density, irrigated area, forest area land cover and Goel 2016).
land use, surface water and groundwater prospects etc. The
study had prioritized watersheds to the categories to high
priority, medium priority, very low and low priority.

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DOI : 10.35940/ijrte.B1226.0782S319 1211 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S3, July 2019

With regards to SDG of “Health and Wellbeing” the child The major applications of sustainable development
mortality rate of India under the age of five (U5MR) was activities in agriculture in rural development, the role of
studied by (Bora and Saikia 2018) based on secondary geology, and the role agriculture and climate change
sources and found that the National Mortality rate and U5MR adaptation for sustainable development of India was
is 2.4times and double higher than the targeted rates. The described by thoroughly described by researchers.
study had found that the North Central and eastern India are With regards to the SDG of “Clean water and sanitation”,
way behind in their targets. To this problem of high child the severe water crisis and irrigation problem faced by
mortality, the study conducted by (V Kancherla and Oakley Gujarat and the role of SardarSarovar Water Resource
2017) had described the way of reducing Child mortality by project on improving food security, and socio economic
controlling birth defects. A similar study of (V Kancherla and development were some areas of research by scholars.
Oakley 2016)(Vijaya Kancherla and Oakley Jr. 2018) had The successfulness of using technology for assessing water
mentioned about total prevention of folic acid preventable potential, like remote sensing, GIS and analytical hierarchy
Bifida and Anencephaly would reduce Child Mortality in process and geo informatics in ground water potential
India. mapping in Micro watershed in Tirunelveli, Amravati River
The need for preventing non communicable diseases for basin and Ganga Alluvial Plain was studied by researchers.
sustainable development was highlighted in the study of At the same time the need, sustainability of water sheds and
(John 2018). The exclusions in health services in Kerala was integrated working model for sustainable development in
studied by (Thresia 2018) Swan Catchment area of Himachal Pradesh, Mayurakshi
watershed, Karondi-Milli Watershed, Maheshwaram
4. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF LITERATURE catchment area and some other selected areas was conducted
REVIEW by researchers.
With regards to SDG of “Sustainable cities and The water quality problems due to unplanned urbanization
communities”, this study had found a few articles related and industrialization in the banks of river Yamuna, Kosi and
with sustainable architecture and building and the areas of Palar and challenges it creates of sustainable development
research were design, usage of HVFA concrete in building was researched by scholars.
process and comparative study of Indian and German cities. With regards to SDG “No hunger”, a study the progress,
Another area for interest of researchers were green roads, linkages and disconnects of India towards food security and
PPP model of working for airport, urban rail projects, nutrition was studied.
sustainable mining and sustainable bus services. With regard to the SDG of “Education” a study on
With regards to SDG of “Life on land”, most of the curriculum innovation, policies, challenges, prospects and
research was concentrated on forest products, medical and future of higher education for sustainable development of
non-medical plantations and their impact on rural India was the area of interest for researchers.
development. Another theme of research was the CDM, i.e. With regards to SDG of “Energy”, the role, challenges of
Clean Development Mechanism. Studies related with conserving energy, the current mix of energy sources in India
efficiencies, pitfalls and comparisons regarding CDM were and the prospects and future energy mix of India was
conducted by researchers. explored by researchers. The role of off grid solar system, its
With regard to the SDG of “Life below water”, the values, diffusion, acceptance, need, prospects, application and
challenges, impact on local community of the Mangrove wet barriers of solar energy infusion into Indian energy Basket
lands and coastal regulation zones in Kerala, had been had been reviewed researchers. The possibilities micro solar
reviewed researchers. energy systems for facilitating rural electrification, benefits
With regard to SDG of “Climate Change” the role, of two hybrid energy model and potential of small
challenges of climate protection for sustainable development hydroelectric projects for electrification of rural and remote
and impact of crop market in Kerala with climate change was regions was studied by scholars.
explored by researchers. The Indian initiative and progress in With regards to SDG of “Health and Wellbeing” the child
reduction of greenhouse gas emission was also studied by mortality rate of and solutions, the need for preventing non
researchers. communicable diseases for sustainable development was
With regards to SDG of “Partnerships to achieve goals”, studied by researchers. The role of sustainable community
the Indo China relations and India and EU relations regarding based health and development programmes in Rural India
sustainable development initiatives was explored by and use of remote sensing and GIS for improving rural health
researchers. was studied by researchers
With regards to the SDG of “Gender equality”, the role of
industries in supporting women entrepreneurship and 5. FUTURISTIC RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION
uplifting status of women folk was reviewed by researchers. This systematic review on sustainable development
With regards to SDG of “No Poverty”, the role of small practices in India had found that there is a huge gap on
check dams and lift irrigation in villages to reduce the literature regarding sustainable development in India. Out of
problems of water and role of ecology and ecological poverty 17 SDGs, the SDGs of gender equality, reduction in
on the poor living conditions of Central Himalayan areas was inequality, peace and justice, partnerships to achieve goals,
studied by researchers.The usage of technology and terrain decent work and economic
mapping approach for sustainable agriculture and the system, industry, innovation
transition of Haryanvi Farmers to sustainable agriculture was and
another area for researchers.

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 A Research on Sustainable Development in India

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