See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/307991605
Performance Evaluation By Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): An
Analyzing tool
Conference Paper · September 2016
CITATIONS READS
7 1,155
4 authors:
Kashif Mahmood Tauno Otto
Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn University of Technology
24 PUBLICATIONS 50 CITATIONS 59 PUBLICATIONS 208 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE
Eduard Shevtshenko Tatjana Karaulova
Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn University of Technology
74 PUBLICATIONS 249 CITATIONS 55 PUBLICATIONS 173 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
TEFFIC - Transforming Educational Programmes For Future Industry 4.0 Capabilities (ERASMUS+) View project
Enhancing Sustainability of Manufacturing Enterprises through reliability engineering View project
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