Math 119 Name: ________________________

QUIZ 2
(LESSONS 11-18: DISCRETE PROBABILITY)
MATH 119 – FALL 2019 – KUNIYUKI
100 POINTS TOTAL
No notes or books allowed. A scientific calculator is allowed. Simplify as appropriate.
You do not have to reduce fractions. For example, 10/20 does not have to be rewritten as ½.

THE FORMULA SHEET IS AT THE END.

1) (17 points). Two standard six-sided dice are rolled. One die is red; the other is
green. The “total” of the two dice is the sum of the numbers on the dice. Write
your answers as exact fractions.
• a) What is the probability of getting a 1 on the red die and a 3 on the green
die? Your answer will be one fraction. (2 points)

• b) What is the probability that the total is 4? (5 points)

• c) What is the probability that the number on the green die is two more
than the number on the red die? (5 points)

• d) What is the probability of getting a 1 on the red die or a 3, a 4, or a 5 on

the green die? Your answer will be one fraction. (5 points)
2) (5 points). Dum and Dee are candidates for president of Fredonia. 65% of adult
Fredonians like Dum. 55% of adult Fredonians like Dee. 40% of adult
Fredonians like both. What is the probability that a randomly selected adult
Fredonian likes Dum or Dee? Write your answer as a decimal, a percent, or a
fraction.

3) (15 points). A beverage company conducts a taste test with 2000 people. Each
person drinks some Regular Poke and informs the company whether the person
likes or does not like Regular Poke. Each person drinks some Sugar-Free Poke
and informs the company whether the person likes or does not like Sugar-Free
Poke. Consider the following two-way frequency (or contingency) table.
Write your answers as exact fractions.

• a) What is the probability that a randomly selected person taking the taste
test likes Regular Poke or Sugar-Free Poke? (5 points)

• b) What is the conditional probability that a randomly selected person

taking the taste test likes Regular Poke, given that the person likes Sugar-
Free Poke? (5 points)

• c) What is the conditional probability that a randomly selected person

taking the taste test likes Sugar-Free Poke, given that the person likes
Regular Poke? (5 points)
4) (4 points). A fair coin can only come up “heads” or “tails,” each with the same
probability. A fair coin will be flipped four times. What is the probability that
the coin will come up “heads” all four times? Write your answer as an exact
fraction.

5) (8 points). Three cards are randomly drawn from a standard 52-card deck
without replacement (each drawn card is immediately, permanently removed
from the deck). What is the probability that all three cards are Jacks? Write your
answer as an exact fraction and also round it as a decimal to three significant
figures. Show work by writing fractions and what you do with them!
Hint: There are originally four Jacks in the deck of cards.

6) (4 points). A student takes three classes. Let X = the number of classes the
student will pass. The student gives the following incomplete probability
distribution for X. Find the value of a to complete the probability distribution.
Value Probability
(x) P (x)
0 0.100
1 0.150
2 a
3 0.400
7) (12 points). You and your family first pay $500 for a life insurance policy for
the year. If you die during the year, your family gets $20,000. If you do not die
during the year, your family gets nothing (beyond your presence, at least). Let
X = you and your family’s net monetary gain as a result of the decision to
purchase the policy. Based on research, you assume that your probability of
( )
dying during the year is 0.020. Assuming this is correct, find E X and
interpret it, as we did in class. Also, fill out the table:
Outcome Value Probability
for the year (x) P (x)
You live.

You die.

8) (15 points). Showing some work or notation may help with partial credit.
None of the answers is “one.”
• a) You need to write four tasks on a to-do list. How many ways are there to
order the four tasks in the list? (5 points)

• b) In computer science, a bit can be a “0” or a “1.” A byte consists of a

sequence of eight bits. How many possible bytes are there? (5 points)

• c) There are five questions on a math quiz. You answer all of them. No
partial credit is given; each answer is either correct or incorrect. How many
ways are there for you to get three questions correct on the quiz? (For
example, one “way” is to get the first three questions correct and the others
incorrect.) Assume that the order in which you answer the questions does not
matter. (5 points)
9) (5 points). A student answers all five questions on a multiple-choice math quiz.
Each question has four possible options: “A,” “B,” “C,” or “D,” only one of
which is correct. The student guesses randomly on all questions. The random
variable is the number of questions the student gets correct. As in class, give the
distribution (including the type of distribution and the values of the two
parameters) that best describes the random variable.

10) (15 points; 5 points each). It turns out that the random variable described in 9)
above has the following probability distribution table.
Value Probability
(x) P (x)
0 0.237
1 0.396
2 0.264
3 0.088
4 0.015
5 0.001
Find the indicated probabilities regarding the number of questions the student
gets correct. Showing work can help with partial credit; for example, rewriting
using an inequality or rewriting as a sum or difference of probabilities.
• a) P (more than 3)

• b) P (at least 1)

• c) P (at most 2)
 MATH 119: QUIZ 2 FORMULA SHEET

Probabilities for Events Involving Equally Likely Outcomes (“elos”)

# of elos for which A occurs
( )
P A =
N

Complementary Probabilities

()
P ( not A) = P A = P AC = 1− P ( A) ( )
Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive Events (“mees”)

( )
P A or B = P A + P B ( ) ( )
General Addition Rule

( ) ( ) ( )
P A or B = P A + P B − P A and B ( )
Multiplication Rule for Independent Events

( ) ( ) ( )
P A and B = P A ⋅ P B
P ( A and B and C ) = P ( A) ⋅ P ( B ) ⋅ P ( C )

General Multiplication Rule

P ( A and B ) = P ( A) ⋅ P B A ( )
(
P ( A and B and C ) = P ( A) ⋅ P B A ⋅ P C A and B ) ( )
Conditional Probabilities

P ( A and B )
(
P B A = ) P ( A)

) ( # ( A) ) = # of# trials
# A and B
(
P B A =
(or "elos") in which A and B occur
of trials (or "elos") in which A occurs

(SEE NEXT PAGE!)

Expected Value (or Mean) of a Probability Distribution

E ( X ) , or µ = ∑ P ( x ) ⋅ x , or ∑ x ⋅ P ( x )
Variance and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution
• (NOT ON QUIZ 2)

VAR ( X ) , or σ 2 = ∑( x − µ )
2
( )
⋅ P ( x ) , or E X 2 − µ 2
SD ( X ) , or σ = VAR X ( )
Full (or Complete) Permutations of n Distinct Items

n
Pn = n!

(Other) Partial Permutations of n Distinct Items, Taken r at a Time

• (NOT ON QUIZ 2)
n!
P=
n r
( n − r )!
Combinations of n Distinct Items, Taken r at a Time; Binomial Coefficients
⎛ n ⎞ n!
Cr , or ⎜ =
⎝ r ⎠ r!( n − r )!
n ⎟

Binomial Probability Formula

• (NOT NEEDED ON QUIZ 2, BUT MAY HELP WITH CHECKING)
⎛ n ⎞ x n−x
P ( x ) = n Cx p x q n−x , or ⎜ ⎟pq
⎝ x ⎠