PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lecture 2
Review of “Classical” Optics
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 1
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lec 1: Light-Matter(lightInteraction
cannot be studied alone)
Quantum optics (broadly defined):
Light (radiation) & light-matter interaction
where quantum physics matters X (light or other particles)
[further generalization: extend from light to
other waves (including matter/particle waves)]
Electron
Atom
Solid
Light (in) |vac> Light (out)
matter
Interaction/control/synthesis
Quantum photonics:
Quantum optics applications & devices
Y (light or other particles)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 2
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Course Outline
Lectures Topics Part 1: basic review:
Lecture 1 (1/13) Overview (FQ1+)
Lecture 2 (1/15) Review Classical Optics (FQ2; FS1-2) Optics+Quantum;
No Class on 1/20 Monday (MLK day)
Lecture 3 (1/22) Review Quantum Mechanics, birth of photons (FQ3+)
Lecture 4 (1/27) Quantum Information, cryptography & communication (FQ12)
Lecture 5 (1/29) Radiative Transitions in Atoms & Molecules (FQ4; FS8.2)
Part 2: Basic Light-
Lecture 6 (2/03)
Lecture 7 (2/05)
Radiative/Inter-band transition in solids (FS3, FS7.3.2)
Masers & Lasers: CW, pulsed, frequency comb, Xasers
matter interaction; laser;
Lecture 8 (2/10) Photon Statistics (FQ5)
Lecture 9 (2/12) Photon Correlation (FQ6), extension to other (quasi)particles
Lecture 10 (2/17) Coherent, Squeezed & Number states (FQ7,8) Part 3: Quantum Optics
Lecture 11 (2/19) Resonant Light-atom interaction, density matrices, Rabi oscillation (FQ9)
Lecture 12 (2/24) Solid state quantum structures: wells, wires and dots (FS6) of photons
Lecture 13 (2/26) Laser cooling of atoms & solids (FQ11+)
Lecture 14 (3/03) Cold atoms & atom optics, atom lasers (given by TA R. Niffenegger)
Lecture 15 (3/05) TBD (Special topics/APS/coherent control)
Lecture 16 (3/10) Excitons and Polaritons (FS4+)
Lecture 17 (3/12)
No classes on 3/17 & 3/19
Luminescence, Luminescence/NV centers & quantum emitters (FS5,9+)
(Spring Break)
Part 4: More advanced
Lecture 18 (3/24) EIT, slow light (Agarwal) & coherent control light-matter interaction
Lecture 19 (3/26) Quantum entanglement, memory & teleportation (FQ14)
Lecture 20 (3/31) Atoms in cavities, Jaynes-Cummings model (FQ10)
Lecture 21 (4/02) Cavity QED/circuit QED, optomechanics
Lecture 22 (4/07) Quantum Computing, photon based QC (FQ13+) Part 5: Quantum
Lecture 23 (4/09) Quantum Computing systems: ions, Rydberg atoms, molecules
Lecture 24 (4/14) Quantum Computing systems: superconductor/cQED, quantum dots, NMR information/photonics/
Lecture 25 (4/16)
Lecture 26 (4/21)
Photonics with nanomaterials: CNT, graphene & 2D materials (FS8+)
Phonons/Vibrons and Raman spectroscopy, CARS (FS10)
applications
Lecture 27 (4/23) Special topics: Quantum Sensing & Photodetectors, applications
Lecture 28 (4/28) Special topics: Optically synthetic gauge fields/topological/quantum
matter, quantum emulation, student presentations Subject to change;
Lecture 29 (4/30) Special topics: Casimir, (quantum) plasmonics etc. student presentations Check updates on course web/wiki
Final Exam on (TBD)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 3
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
any a ? †
Who are you?
• Please briefly tell us:
– Your name
– Department/major
– Year
– Research Group (if any)
– Current research area (brief)
– Anything else (brief) to help remember you
Please turn in the class survey (HWK#1)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 4
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Course Requirement & Grading Components
1) Homework (approximately every 1-2 weeks): 30 points
2) Papers/Projects: 30 points consisting of 2 parts (15 pts each):
2a) a lecture notes (review article style) for an assigned lecture and upload to wiki within 2 weeks from the
assigned lecture (every student will be assigned (alpha) to 1lecture based on class list, see wiki);
2b) a paper reviewing either a classic experiment/milestone achievement (before 2002) [undergrad only] or a
topic not covered in lectures (eg. one from a relevant seminar), or a current frontier area/topic of your
interest. You can find suggested topic in lecture slides though you are not limited to them. I encourage you to
check with me about your topic and not to wait to the last week to upload so you may be selected for
presentation. Revision can be made till last class.
3) Final Exam: 30 pts
4) Class Participation/Service (10pts) that can be earned in several ways (extra will be bonus):
4a) Occasional in class quizzes (1 pt for each problem);
4b) great question/comment/correct a non-trivial mistake in lecture (0.5-1 pt per incidence);
4c) Attend one of the eligible related seminars (see list under Wiki/Seminars) and have either speaker/host
sign a form [see wiki] after the talk to prove your attendance (1 pt for each seminar attended);
4d) Give a 10-15 min presentation on your paper/research, or volunteer to teach a topic or explain a concept
of interest that may fit into a given lecture (5 pt per presentation, consult with instructor to schedule)
4e) Other service that enhances class learning; eg. offer to give a lab tour to class members of your research
lab (5 pts; must be approved of both your lab supervisor & Prof. Chen)
Final Grade: A (>85); B(>70); C(>55); D(>40); [typical sufficient condition, subject to minor change]
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 5
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Course Web & Wiki
• Course website
http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_
programs/courses/phys522/
– Syllabus, Lecture notes, homework etc
(course material)
• Course wiki
https://qopticsphotonics.wikispaces.com/
– Upload student work: lecture notes, essay
– Post interesting seminar info
– Share other links/articles/news of interests
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 6
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
This Lecture
• Review key concepts from classical optics
(cf. *FQ Chap2;
also of interests:
*FS Chap 1-2;
*E. Hecht, Optics (esp. Chap 8 on polarization)
*Lauterborn & Kurz, Coherent Optics, Chap 1-3)
Prerequisite 1: Classical Optics
eg. PHYS 322/422 (E.Hecht “optics”), ME587, or some photonics course
(or at least a good E&M, PHYS 272H/330/430)
eg. D.Griffiths “Intro electrodynamics”;
E. Purcell’s E&M; Feynman Lec. Vol 2; etc.
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 7
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Additional Reference Books
Quantum Optics
Gilbert Grynberg, Alain Aspect, Claude Fabre, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Introduction to
Quantum Optics: From the Semi-classical Approximation (2010) [book by some masters]
C. Gerry & P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics --slightly more on theory side, knight is well
known expert
R. Loudon, The quantum theory of light --- slightly old, also slightly emphasizing theory more
M.Scully & MS.Zubairy, Quantum optics --- by leading QO expert, but less suitable of textbook
L.Mandel & E.Wolf: Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics .. handbook & encyclopedia
JS Peng, Introduction To Modern Quantum Optics (1998)
Photonics/Lasers:
Bahaa E. A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (2nd ed, 2007) --- classic
large comprehensive book on photonics, good handy ref
RS Quimby (RPI), Photonics and Lasers: An Introduction – shorter than ST, but seems a good
photonics book
Siegman’s Lasers: big book classic
Orazio Svelto, Principles of Lasers (5th ed): good comprehensive text explaining lasers
AMO physics: Christ Foot, Atomic Physics
Solid state physics: C. Kittel, Intro to Solid State Physics
Some classics on light-materials interaction: JI Pankove, Optical Processes in Semiconductors
W Hayes and R Loudon, Scattering of Light by Crystals
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 8
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Optics: what is light?
Classical Optics
• Geometric/ray optics
• Newton etc: (classical) particle (“corpuscular”)/ray theory
• Reflection
• Refraction (Snell’s law)
• Basic optical elements: mirrors, lens, beam splitters etc.
• ABCD matrices
• Simple optical engineering.. OSLO..
• Wave optics
• Huygens-Young (interference)-Fresnel (diffraction)- …
• Fourier Optics
• Light is electromagnetic wave
• Faraday effect (magneto-optics)
• Maxwell Equations
• Hertz experiment
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 9
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Optics: what is light?
• Quantum optics
• Nonlinear Optics
• Statistical optics
• Speckle
• Light/wave localization
• See also “random laser”
• Photon statistics -- part of QO
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 10
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Speed of Light measured by Ole Roemer (1676)
Eclipse of Jupiter moon
211,000 km per second
(~0.7c)
http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/cosmic/p_roemer.html
Other clever “old” tricks in astro: see eg. F. Shu, the physical universe
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 11
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
TOF by Fizeau/Foucault ….
(ray optics)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 12
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Maxwell Equations & speed of light
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 13
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Michelson-Morley Experiment
(measure invariance of speed of light)
M-M interferometer
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 14
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
M-M interferometer
Other common use, measure
• wavelength
• n
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 15
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Wave optics: diffraction
(circular)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 16
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Photons (Planck)
• Black body radiation
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 17
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Maxwell Equations for EM waves
• Plane wave
• Spherical wave
• Evanescent wave
• More complicated solutions…
“triumph” of “classical physics”?
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 18
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Properties of Light
• Wavelength, frequency [precise!], speed,
wavevector, period
• Amplitude, phase
• Power, Intensity [rel; NL], and E-field, B-field
• Polarization
– Linear
– Circular
– Elliptic
– Polarization vector & Jones matrix
• Orbital Angular Momentum
• Energy & momentum & mass (photon)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 19
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Polarization optical elements
• Waveplates (1/2, ¼)
Optics companies eg. Edmund, New Port, Thorlabs …
catalogue/tutorials
http://www.edmundoptics.com/technical-resources-
center/optics/understanding-waveplates/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (
[email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 20
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
PBS
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 21
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Basic coherence
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 22
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 23
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 24
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Basic Nonlinear Optics
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 25
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 26
PHYS522 ECE695
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Next Lecture (3): Review Quantum Physics
• FQ Chap 3
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 2 (1/15/2014) Slide 27
