TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

I-MALL ANTIPOLO SUPERMARKET

HVAC DESIGN

IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN

ME 504: HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN

SUBMITTED BY:

BARROGA, CHRISTED ALJO

CAPATI, JIM OSLER
FELICIANO, MARVIC JOEL
JACOBE, JAMES PAUL
MANGUA, NORRIS
REQUEJO, JOHN MICHAEL

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. JESUS V. DELA CRUZ, PME

INSTRUCTOR

SEPTEMBER 2019
TOPIC OBJECTIVE

This study sought to create the design and the process of coming up with the optimal configuration of the

mechanical system which ensures a healthy and comfortable indoor environment in a building. It is utilized

to control the environment within a home, apartment or vehicle. It is deigned in a significant manner that

regulates the temperature and provide an acceptable heating and cooling comfort.
PREFACE

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is the name given to the profession and process of

determining the heating, cooling, and air changes required to produce a suitable environment for the people

and processes contained within that environment. Environments and processes all operate best within

specified limits of temperature and humidity and this is the discipline that determines the best means of

accomplishing this work. It is necessary to determine the size of the equipment to move air (in most cases)

to provide a safe and healthy environment to the inhabitants inside and to ensure that every area meets

these minimum requirements. To accomplish these, many questions are needed to be asked and answered

so that both the people and equipment operate at peak performance.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides the purpose for making the project, the problem that the proponents want to

solve, the objectives of the project, the project scope and delimitations, the conceptual framework that will

show the concept of the prototype and the proponents’ solution to the said problem.

Background of the study

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular

environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC

system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics,

fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as

HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit

breakers).

HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels

and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and

hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments,

where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using

fresh air from outdoors.

Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to

provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of

moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes

unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and

prevents stagnation of the interior air.

Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It

is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for

ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

State of the Problem

In most cases, the cause of malfunctions are relatively simple issues. But for those untrained in

HVAC maintenance, the malfunctions are not always easy to diagnose. If an air-conditioning unit has been

showing signs of water damage or fails to ventilate certain areas on your property, then it could be worth

investigating a little further before calling for a replacement. More often than not, there is a simple solution

to the problem and your HVAC system will be back to its working best in no time at all. Often, building

maintenance teams will be called in to deal with overflowing ducts and drain pans. The drain pan is

designed to deal with surplus water but can quickly become overwhelmed if humidity levels rapidly

increased. In most scenarios, this is caused by the melting ice from frozen component parts. When your

HVAC system is shut down during periods of inactivity, the ice melts and begins to flow out of the unit.

Definition of term

HVAC- heating, ventilation and air conditioning. The goal of HVAC design is to balance indoor

environmental comfort with other factors such as installation cost, ease of maintenance, and energy

efficiency.

ΔT (delta T)- a reference to a temperature difference. It is used to describe the difference in temperature of

a heating or cooling medium as it enters and as it leaves a system.

AIR CHANGES PER HOUR- The hourly ventilation rate divided by the volume of a space. For perfectly

mixed air or laminar flow spaces, this is equal to the number of times per hour that the volume the space is
exchanged by mechanical and natural ventilation. Also called air change rate or air exchange rate.

Abbreviated ACH or ac/hr.

AIR CONDITIONER- An appliance, system, or mechanism designed to dehumidify and extract heat from

an area. Usually this term is reserved for smaller self-contained units such as a residential system.

AIR HANDLING UNIT- A central unit consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or

chamber, dampers, humidifier, and other central equipment in direct contact with the airflow.

BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)- Any of several units of energy (heat) in the HVAC industry, each slightly

more than 1 kJ. One BTU is the energy required to raise one pound of water one-degree Fahrenheit, but

the many different types of BTU are based on different interpretations of this “definition”. In the United

States the power of HVAC systems (the rate of cooling and dehumidifying or heating) is sometimes

expressed in BTU/hour instead of watts. Abbreviated BTU or Btu.

CENTRIFUGAL FAN- A centrifugal fan is a mechanical device for moving air or other gases.

CHILLER -A device that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration

cycle. This cooled liquid flows through pipes in a building and passes through coils in air handlers, fan-coil

units, or other systems, cooling and usually dehumidifying the air in the building. Chillers are of two types;

air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers are usually outside and consist of condenser coils cooled by

fan-driven air. Water-cooled chillers are usually inside a building, and heat from these chillers is carried by

recirculating water to a heat sink such as an outdoor cooling tower.

COIL -Equipment that performs heat transfer to air when mounted inside an air handling unit or ductwork. It

is heated or cooled by electrical means or by circulating liquid or steam within it.

CONDENSER -A component in the basic refrigeration cycle that ejects or removes heat from the system.

The condenser is the hot side of an air conditioner or heat pump. Condensers are heat exchangers, and

can transfer heat to air or to an intermediate fluid such as water or an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol to

carry heat to a distant sink, such as ground (earth sink), a body of water, or air (as with cooling towers).

CONSTANT AIR VOLUME- A system designed to provide a constant air flow. This term is applied to HVAC

systems that have variable supply-air temperature but constant air flow rates. Most residential forced-air

systems are small CAV systems with on/off control. Abbreviated CAV.

CONTROLLER- A device that controls the operation of part or all of a system. It may simply turn a device

on and off, or it may more subtly modulate the set point of components. Most controllers are automatic but

have user input such as temperature set points, e.g. a thermostat. Controls may be analog or digital.

DAMPER- A plate or gate placed in a duct to control air flow by increasing friction in the duct.

DEEP LAKE WATER COOLING- The heat is rejected onto deep lake regions to cool homes and offices,

reducing the energy costs.

DUCT -Specialized housing for the air flow.

DEHUMIDIFIER -A dehumidifier is the equipment that extracts and removes humidity from the air. It works

by cooling air to the point where water turns to liquid from vapor form and then the liquid is removed.

DIFFUSER- A diffuser is placed over ductwork, and it separates air with vanes going in differing directions.

It evenly distributes air flow in the desired directions.

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE- is the temperature of air measured by a thermometer which is freely exposed

to the air while it is shielded from radiation and moisture. It is usually thought of as air temperature, and it is

the true thermodynamic temperature. It is a measurement of heat intensity independently of humidity and a

dry bulb thermometer is used to measure it.

DRY BULB THERMOMETER- A dry bulb thermometer is a device that measures air temperature

independently of humidity. It is freely exposed to the air it is measuring and is protected from the radiation

and moisture.

ENTHALPY- For a given sample of air, a measure of the total heat content (the sum of the heat energy of

the dry air and heat energy of the water vapor within it). It is typically used to determine the amount of fresh

outside air that can be added to recirculated air for the lowest cooling cost.

EVAPOARTOR- A component in the basic refrigeration cycle that absorbs or adds heat to the system.

Evaporators can be used to absorb heat from air or from a liquid. The evaporator is the cold side of an air

conditioner or heat pump.

EXPANSION VALVE- An expansion valve is a piece of equipment that meters the flow of liquid refrigerant

into the evaporator while measuring the vapor refrigerant leaving the evaporator. It thereby controls the

superheating at the outlet of the evaporator.

FAN COIL UNIT- A small terminal unit that is often composed of only a blower and a heating and/or cooling

coil, as is often used in hotels, condominiums, or apartments. Abbreviated FCU.

HEATING COIL- A heating coil is the part of the system that conducts heat. It allows electricity to act as

fire.
HEAT EXCHANGER- A heat exchanger is the part of the system that transfers heat from the hot parts of

the machine or a system to the cold parts of the machine or system.

HEAT GAIN, HEAT LOSS AND HEAT LOAD- Terms for the amount of cooling (heat gain) or heating (heat

loss) needed to maintain desired temperatures and humidity in controlled air. Regardless of how well-

insulated and sealed a building is, buildings gain heat from sunlight, conduction through the walls, and

internal heat sources such as people and electrical equipment. Buildings lose heat through conduction

during cold weather. Engineers use heat load calculations to determine the HVAC needs of the space

being cooled or heated.

HEAT PUMP- A heat pump is a compressor that cycles hot or cold air. It is a device that is designed to

move thermal energy in the opposite direction of heat flow by absorbing heat from a cold space which is

released to a warmer space.

HEAT TRANSFER- Heat transfer happens when heat moves from one area to another. It is an important

and vital step in the process of cooling a space.

MINIMUM OUTSIDE AIR- The lowest amount of fresh air flow that can be allowed into a recirculating

system. This limit is set to ensure that the interior air remains safe and comfortable to breathe.

OUTSIDE AIR DAMPER- An automatic louver or damper that controls the fresh air flow into an air handler

and modulates to the most energy efficient setting.

OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE- A measure of the air temperature outside a building. The temperature and

humidity of air inside and outside the building are used in enthalpy calculations to determine when outside

air can be used for free heating or cooling. Abbreviated OAT.

PSYCHROMETRIC- The study of the behavior of air-water vapor mixtures. Water vapor plays an important

role in energy transfer and human comfort in HVAC design.

RADIANT CEILING PANELS- Usually metal panels suspended under the ceiling, insulated from the

building structure. The primary cooling/heating agent temperature is close to the room's temperature.

RADIANT FLOOR- A type of radiant heating system where the building floor contains channels or tubes

through which hot fluids such as air or water are circulated. The whole floor is evenly heated. Thus, the

room is heated from the bottom up. Radiant floor heating eliminates the draft and dust problems associated

with forced air heating systems.

RADIATION- The transfer of heat directly from one surface to another (without heating the intermediate air

acting as a transfer mechanism).

SPLIT SYSTEM- A split system is the combination of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit. This is the most

common type of system.

SUPERHEAT- The number of degrees a vapor is above its boiling point at a specific pressure.

SUBCOOLING- The condition where liquid refrigerant is colder than the minimum temperature required to

keep it from boiling which would change it from a liquid to a gas phase. Subcooling is the difference

between its saturation temperature and the actual liquid refrigerant temperature.

SYSTEM- General term used to refer to the set or a subset of components that perform a specific HVAC

function within a building.

TERMINAL UNIT- A small component that contains a heating coil, cooling coil, automatic damper, or some

combination of the three. Used to control the temperature of a single room. Abbreviated TU.

THERMAL ZONE- An individual space or group of neighboring indoor spaces that the HVAC designer

expects will have similar thermal loads. Building codes may require zoning to save energy in commercial

buildings. Zones are defined in the building to reduce the number of HVAC subsystems, and thus initial

cost. For example, for perimeter offices, rather than one zone for each office, all offices facing west can be

combined into one zone. Small residences typically have only one conditioned thermal zone, plus

unconditioned spaces such as garages, attics, and crawlspaces, and basements.

THERMOSTAT- A thermostat is a system that monitors and regulates a heating or cooling system. It can

be used to set the desired temperature at which it keeps the environment either heated or cooled.

TXV (THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE)- A thermostatic expansion valve is a piece of equipment that

meters the flow of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator while measuring the vapor refrigerant leaving the

evaporator. It thereby controls the superheating at the outlet of the evaporator.

VARIABLE AIR VOLUME- An HVAC system that has a stable supply-air temperature and varies the air

flow rate to meet the temperature requirements. Compared to constant air volume systems, these systems

conserve energy through lower fan speeds during times of lower temperature control demand. Most new

commercial buildings have VAV systems. VAVs may be bypass type or pressure dependent. Pressure

dependent type VAVs save energy while both types help in maintaining temperature of the zone that it

feeds. Abbreviated VAV.

ZONING SYSTEM- A zoning system sections a building or a space into zones which are controlled

independently of each other. This is beneficial when different areas or rooms of a building have different
temperatures as well as when the desired temperatures in different rooms are different. Temperature is

controlled by different thermostats.

PURPOSE OF HVAC

Your HVAC system is probably the most used, and hardest working appliance in your residence or

business. It is the silent partner that keeps you, your family, pets and employees comfortable. It is fair to

say that the purpose of an HVAC system is creating an ambient temperature, and therefore a comfortable

environment where people can relax, yet also be productive.

Its primary function is to move heat around and cool air to the degree people require. It sounds

simple but achieving this is quite complicated and dependent on a detailed system of components. A

furnace pushes heat through a space, while the air conditioner removes the heat. The air is distributed

throughout different rooms normally by a system of ducts and the thermostat regulates the temperature.

Fans, filters, return air inlets, supply air outlets and heat exchangers play a large part in all of this

as well.

Purpose of load Calculation

The importance of the heat load calculations can be understood from the fact that right from the

designing of the building itself, the HVAC designer works closely with the building architect to making

recommendations for the locations of the various air-conditioning systems of suitable sizes. Before the

actual construction of the building, the architect must design the building and with them the HVAC designer

contributes important recommendations that will affect the building design significantly.

Load calculations will check several specific areas to find the right sized system including:

 Verify the total square footage of the property,

  Count how many windows, doors and entry ways there are for a property

 Check the insulation; not only the location but what type of materials, how it’s installed and even

the density of the insulation used

 How many floors a home has and how much living space vs. attic space is available, what

landscaping is outside of the home that can block sun from entering the house

Principles of cooling load

The total building cooling load consists of heat transferred through the building envelope (walls,

roof, floor, windows, doors etc.) and heat generated by occupants, equipment, and lights. The load due to

heat transfer through the envelope is called as external load, while all other loads are called as internal

loads. The percentage of external versus internal load varies with building type, site climate, and building

design. The total cooling load in HVAC on any building consists of both sensible as well as latent load

components. The sensible load affects the dry bulb temperature, while the latent load affects the moisture

content of the conditioned space.

Buildings may be classified as externally loaded and internally loaded. In externally loaded

buildings the cooling load on the building is mainly due to heat transfer between the surroundings and the

internal conditioned space. Since the surrounding conditions are highly variable in any given day, the

cooling load of an externally loaded building varies widely. In internally loaded buildings the cooling load is

mainly due to internal heat generating sources such as occupants, lights or appliances. In general, the heat

generation due to internal heat sources may remain constant, and since the heat transfer from the variable

surroundings is much less compared to the internal heat sources, the cooling load of an internally loaded

building remains constant. Obviously from energy efficiency and economics points of view, the system

design strategy for an externally loaded building should be different from an internally loaded building.
Hence, prior knowledge of whether the building is externally loaded or internally loaded is essential for

effective system design.

 Heat Flow rates

In air-conditioning design, four-related heat flow rates, each of which varies with time, must be

differentiated into Space heat gain, how much energy is entering the space; Space cooling load, how much

energy must be removed from the space to maintain the desired temperature and relative humidity of a

system; Specific heat extraction, how much energy is the HVAC removing from the space and; Cooling

load, how much energy is removed by the cooling coil serving various spaces plus any loads external to the

spaces such as duct heat gain, duct leakages, fan heat and outdoor makeup air.

 Space Heat Gain

This immediate rate of heat gain is the rate at which heat enters and/or is generated within the

area. The way it enters the space from walls, doors, ceilings, floors, occupants, lights and projector room is

a result of heat gain.

Indoor design condition

COOLING- The indoor design temperature for comfort cooling will be 15degrees F (8 degrees C) less than

the 1.0 percent outdoor design temperature but will not be lower than 75 degrees F (24 degrees C) nor

higher than 78 degrees F (26degrees C). The indoor design specific humidity will not exceed the outdoor

design specific humidity; otherwise, the indoor design relative humidity will be 50 percent. The indoor

design temperature provided by evaporative cooling or comfort mechanical ventilation will be 80 degrees F

(27 degrees C); the above requirements for specific humidity do not apply where evaporative cooling is

used.
HEATING- The indoor design temperature for comfort heating will be 68degrees F (20 degrees C) in areas

with low levels of physical activity and 55 degrees F (13 degrees C) in areas with moderate to high levels of

physical activity. The indoor design temperature for freeze protection will be 40 degrees F (4 degrees C).

Where the indoor relative humidity is expected to fall below 20 percent for extended periods, humidification

may be added to increase the indoor relative humidity to 30 percent.

INFILTRATION- Design air distribution systems for central HVAC systems to maintain a slightly positive

pressure within the area served in order to reduce or eliminate infiltration unless there is a valid need to

maintain a negative pressure in that area.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ)- Ventilation for acceptable IAQ will be in accordance with ASHRAE Standard

62.1. Successful application of IAQ principles and criteria plays a role with regards to HVAC systems in

ensuring occupant comfort and health. Good IAQ design practice increases worker productivity.

Outdoor design condition

Mechanical Equipment

Location of mechanical equipment such as Chillers, Air Handling Units, and Pumps etc. is quite

critical, particularly, where low noise criteria is a key requirement. It is advisable to have the AC plant room

and the air handling unit room in a separate area, which is structurally isolated from the Theater or

Auditorium. The locational constraints sometimes force us to accept an air handling unit room within the

same structure as that of the Auditorium and sometimes very near the Auditorium. It is essential to ensure,

that in such installations, the air handling unit (AHU) is mounted on correctly selected vibration isolators

and the chilled water pipe is provided with a flexible connection to avoid transmission of vibrations to the

structure.

Noise
 We will deal with this topic of ‘Noise’ and ‘Noise Control’ in detail, since this is one of the most

critical parameters in such applications. The major sources of noise in any air conditioning system are.

Supply and Return Fans

Fans generate the maximum noise. Centrifugal fans produce noise across the entire audio

frequency band having maximum value between 31.5 to 250 Hz. Thus, it is evident that these values are

maximum in the low frequency band. The lowest noise levels are produced when the fan is operated in the

region of its peak efficiency on its performance curve.

Ducting, Dampers, Air Terminal Devices

Deflectors such as vanes, fins, etc used to deflect air for even distribution of the same throughout the

airconditioned space leads to some generation of noise. The greater the deflection, higher is the noise level

produced.

VICINITY MAP, LAYOUT AND ELEVATION DRAWINGS

Introduction
 The proposed building will be a 3-storey commercial building. The whole building will be fully

enclosed and will be fully air conditions to maximize the cooling capacity of our air handling unit. The

material that will be used are of that high-quality materials that are very expensive and would last a long

time. Special materials were used to maximize the strength and the quality of the building. Additionally,

restroom are also fully air condition for the luxurious feel of our building.

The building is located at Antipolo, Rizal. The building surrounding is a commercial vicinity where a

lot of modern buildings and roads are present.

VICINITY MAP

ELEVATION DRAWING

FRONT ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION
RIGHT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
EXTERNAL HEAT GAINS

External load factors are components that are considered while computing for the cooling load. These are

load factors due to the external elements that affects the desired outcome of the design. When it comes to

the designing of a fully air-conditioned 3-storey commercial building, these are the following external load

factors that should be considered;

1. Heat Conduction through walls and roof; and

2. Heat Conduction through partition walls and floor.

Heat Gain through Building walls:

Q= AULMTD

Where:

𝑄𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = Heat Flow through Wall (𝑘𝑊)

𝑈 = Overall Coefficient of Heat Transfer (𝑊/𝑚2𝐾)

𝐴 = Cross-Sectional Area (𝑚2 )

LMTD = logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold feeds at each

end of the double pipe exchanger.

Heat Gain from walls

 North=15596.91 ft 2−4973 ft 2=1 0623.91 ft 2

 South=15596.91 ft 2−1518 ft 2=1 4078.91 ft 2
 West=12304.84 ft 2−1088 ft 2=1 1216.84 ft 2
 East =12304.84 ft 2−1270 ft 2=1 1035 ft 2

U =0.63(Table 3−5:Trane Air Conditioning Manual)

Q= AULMTD−North wall

BTU
Q=10623.9 ft 2 × 0.63× ( 95−74 ) ° F=140554.33
HR

Q= AULMTD−South wall

BTU
Q=1 4078.91 ft 2 × 0.63× ( 95−74 ) ° F=186264
HR

Q= AULMTD−West wall

BTU
Q=1 1216.84 ft 2 × 0.63× ( 95−74 ) ° F=148399
HR

Q= AULMTD−South wall

BTU
Q=1 1035 ft 2 ×0.63 × ( 95−74 ) ° F=149565.15
HR

BTU
Total wallheat gains=624783
HR
Heat Gain from Windows

 North=4973 ft 2
 South=1518 ft 2
 West=1088 ft 2
 East =1270 ft 2
Q= AULMTD−North Exterior Windows

BTU
Q=(4973 ft 2)(1.07) ( 95−74 ) ° F=111743
HR

Q= AULMTD−South Exterior Windows

BTU
Q=(1518 ft 2 )(1.07) ( 95−74 ) ° F=34109.5
HR

Q= AULMTD−West Exterior Windows

 BTU
Q=(1088 ft 2 )(1.07) ( 95−74 ) ° F=24447.4
HR

Q= AULMTD−East Exterior Windows

BTU
Q=(1270 ft 2 )(1.07) ( 95−74 ) ° F=28536.9
HR

BTU
Total windows heat gains=198836.8
HR

INTERNAL HEAT GAINS

The next component of the space cooling load is the heat that originates within the space. Typical sources

of internal heat gain are people, lights, cooking processes, and other heat-generating equipment, such as

motors, appliances, and office equipment. While all these sources contribute sensible heat to the space,

people, cooking processes, and some appliances (such as a coffee maker) also contribute latent heat to

the space.
Heat Gain from People

QS = number of people × sensible heat gain/person

QL = number of people × latent heat gain/person

Area Floor=41611 ft 2

3 floors : Lower ground ,Upper Ground , 2nd floor

Total Floor Area=41611 ft 2 ×3 floors=124833 ft 2

1 m2=10.76 ft 2

Presumed:

5 m 2 / person=54 ft 2 / person
 ft 2
124833 =2312 persons
54 ft 2

Sensible Heat Gain

BTU
Q S =(2312)(250 )
HR

BTU
Q S =578000
HR

Latent Heat Gain

BTU
Q L=(2312)( 200 )
HR

BTU
Q L=462400
HR

BTU
Total heat gains ¿ people=1,040,400
HR
Heat Gain from Lighting and Appliances

Description Volt Ampere

LPP3 25300

LPP2 37200

LPP1 19900

PP2 27350

PP1 34036

MCB 440V 674337

MC 561610

LPPRD 50400

LPPFD 29790

DPM-E 420344

Total 1880267

1 WATT = 1 VOLT AMPERE

1880267 × powerfactor ( 0.8 )=1504214 Watts

BTU
HR
Q=(1504214 Watts)(3.41 )(1.2)
Watts
Q=6 ,137 , 191.5 BTU / HR

Total heat gains ¿ lightings/appliances=6,137,191.5 BTU / HR

Ventilation

Outdoor air is often used to dilute or remove contaminants from the indoor air. The intentional introduction

of outdoor air into a space, using the building’s HVAC system, is called ventilation. This outdoor air must

often be cooled and dehumidified before it can be delivered to the space, creating an additional load on the

air-conditioning equipment.

Ventilation Air

Table 6.2,2.1-ASHRAE (mi. Ventilation rates for Mall/Supermarket = 7.5 CFM)

2312 persons @ 7.5 CFM/person = 17340 CFM

Sensible Heat

QS =1.08 Q(T o−T i)

Q S =1.08(17340 CFM )(95 ° F−74 ° F)

QS =393271 BTU / HR

Latent Heat

Q L=0.7Q ( HR o−HR i)

Outside Air Condition (Psychrometric Chart)

95 ° F DRY BULB
74 ° F WET BULB
HR o 98.7 grains/lb.
Of dry air

Indoor Air Condition (Psychrometric Chart)

78 ° F DRY BULB
65 ° F WET BULB
 HR i 71.5 grains/lb.
Of dry air

Q L=0.7(17340 CFM )( 98.7−71.5)

Q L=330154 BTU / HR

BTU
Total heat gains ¿ Air Ventilation=723425
HR