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Unit 5.3-Types and Range of Hybrid System

Hybrid energy systems combine renewable energy sources like photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines with engine-driven generators and battery storage. This provides a reliable alternative to remote power systems based solely on fossil fuels. There are three main types of hybrid systems: series, switched, and parallel. Series systems have all components feed into a battery bank, which then powers loads through an inverter. This results in inefficient energy flow and frequent deep discharging of batteries. Parallel and switched hybrids allow generators and renewables to power loads directly.

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186 views2 pages

Unit 5.3-Types and Range of Hybrid System

Hybrid energy systems combine renewable energy sources like photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines with engine-driven generators and battery storage. This provides a reliable alternative to remote power systems based solely on fossil fuels. There are three main types of hybrid systems: series, switched, and parallel. Series systems have all components feed into a battery bank, which then powers loads through an inverter. This results in inefficient energy flow and frequent deep discharging of batteries. Parallel and switched hybrids allow generators and renewables to power loads directly.

Uploaded by

SELVAKUMAR RB
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Unit 5.

3- types and range of hybrid system

1. TYPES AND RANGE OF HYBRID SYSTEM:

The combination of RES, such as PV arrays or wind turbines, with engine-driven


generators and battery storage, is widely recognized as a viable alternative to conventional
remote area power supplies (RAPS). These systems are generally classified as hybrid energy
systems (HES).

They are used increasingly for electrification in remote areas where the cost of grid
extension is prohibitive and the price for fuel increases drastically with the remoteness of the
location.

For many applications, the combination of renewable and conventional energy


sources compares favourably with fossil fuel-based RAPS systems, both in regard to their
cost and technical performance.

Because these systems employ two or more different sources of energy, they enjoy a
very high degree of reliability as compared to single-source systems such as a stand-alone
diesel generator or a stand-alone PV or wind system. Applications of hybrid energy systems
range from small power supplies for remote households, providing electricity for lighting and
other essential electrical appliances, to village electrification for remote communities has
been reported.

Hybrid energy systems generate AC electricity by combining RES such as PV array


with an inverter, which can operate alternately or in parallel with a conventional engine
driven generator.

They can be classified according to their configuration as:


• Series hybrid energy systems.
• Switched hybrid energy systems.
• Parallel hybrid energy systems.
The parallel hybrid systems can be further divided to DC or AC coupling. An overview of the
three most common system topologies is presented by Bower. In the following comparison of
typical PV-diesel system configurations are described.

Series Configuration:

Series Hybrid Energy System


Unit 5.3- types and range of hybrid system

In the conventional series hybrid systems shown in Fig.1, all power generators feed
DC power into a battery. Each component has therefore to be equipped with an individual
charge controller and in the case of a diesel generator with a rectifier.

To ensure reliable operation of series hybrid energy systems both the diesel generator
and the inverter have to be sized to meet peak loads. This results in a typical system operation
where a large fraction of the generated energy is passed through battery bank, therefore
resulting in increased cycling of the battery bank and reduced system efficiency.

AC power delivered to the load is converted from DC to regulated AC by an inverter


or a motor generator unit.

The power generated by the diesel generator is first rectified and subsequently
converted back to AC before being supplied to the load, which incurs significant conversion
losses. The actual load demand determines the amount of electrical power delivered by the
PV array, wind generator, the battery bank, or the diesel generator.

The solar and wind charger prevents overcharging of the battery bank from the PV
generator when the PV power exceeds the load demand and the batteries are fully charged. It
may include MPPT to improve the utilization of the available PV energy, although the energy
gain is marginal for a well-sized system. The system can be operated in manual or automatic
mode, with the addition of appropriate battery voltage sensing and start/stop control of the
engine-driven generator.

Advantages:
• The engine-driven generator can be sized to be optimally loaded while supplying the load
and charging the battery bank, until a battery SOC of 70–80% is reached.
• No switching of AC power between the different energy sources is required, which
simplifies the electrical output interface.
• The power supplied to the load is not interrupted when the diesel generator is started.
• The inverter can generate a sine-wave, modified square wave, or square-wave depending on
the application.

Disadvantages:
• The inverter cannot operate in parallel with the engine driven generator, therefore the
inverter must be sized to supply the peak load of the system.
• The battery bank is cycled frequently, which shortens its lifetime.
• The cycling profile requires a large battery bank to limit the depth-of-discharge (DOD).
• The overall system efficiency is low, since the diesel cannot supply power directly to the
load.
• Inverter failure results in complete loss of power to the load, unless the load can be supplied
directly from the diesel generator for emergency purposes.

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