TOEFL Vocabulary

Contents:
I. NATURE-ENVIRONMENT-GLOBAL PROBLEMS ................................................................................. 2
II. SOCIETY ......................................................................................................................................... 17
III. SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 25
IV. TRAVEL-CULTURE-HOLIDAYS & FESTIVALS ................................................................................ 32
V. HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 48
VI. POLITICS ......................................................................................................................................... 57
VII. ART-ENTERTAINMENT-SPORT-LEISURE ........................................................................................ 63
VIII. BUSINESS-FINANCE ........................................................................................................................ 69
IX. WORK ............................................................................................................................................. 77
X. MEDIA-COMMUNICATION .............................................................................................................. 83
XI. EDUCATION-STUDY ....................................................................................................................... 90
XII. LAW-CRIME ................................................................................................................................... 95
XIII. PEOPLE-CHARACTER-EMOTION ................................................................................................... 102
XIV. OTHER ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY ................................................................................................ 110
XV. NEXT 200 WORDS .................................................................................................................... 120

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TOEFL Vocabulary

NATURE-ENVIRONMENT-GLOBAL PROBLEMS
1. steppe—(step pee) n. тал, хээр нутаг
The five members of a sheep herding family lead a life far removed from modern
civilization in the endless expanse of the Mongolian steppe.

Related: field, heath, prairie, savanna, basin, downs, wold,

grassland

2. tortoise—(тортоос) n. яст мэлхий

At the zoo you can find all different kinds of tortoises, but they all move slowly!

Related: four-footed reptile covered with shell of horny

plates

3. volcano—(балконоо) n. галт уул

It is dangerous to live near an active volcano because at anytime, without advance
notice, it can erupt.

Related: mountain comprising such a vent

4. equator—(экватор) n. экватор
Typhoons north of the equator rotate counterclockwise, while south of the equator
they are known as cyclones and spin clockwise.

Related: imaginary circle round earth equidistant from the

poles

5. ecosystem—(эгээ систем) n. экологийн систем, байгаль

The introduction of civilization into natural ecosystems often has devastating effects.

Related: ecological system, reciprocal relationship between

living things and the environment

6. devastate—(Дэв state) v. сүйтгэх , хоосруулах

The village devastated by floods last year celebrated its recovery with a parade.

Related: lay waste, ravage, destroy

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TOEFL Vocabulary

7. devastation—(давстай шинэ) n. сүйрэл

Bushfires cause mass devastation to forests and wildlife every year.

Related: destruction, ruin

8. vegetation— (Бажи ташина) /үүкүүн киноны бажи/ n. ургамал, ургалт, өсөлт
The vegetation in tropical forests is very dense. So much so that in many places you
cannot see the sky.

Related: plants, plant growth

9. eradication—(ero education) n. арилгах, баллах, үндсээр нь устгах, таслах

That humanitarian group’s goal is the eradication of poverty in all of Africa.

Related: total destruction, annihilation, destruction

10. eliminate— (алий манайд) v. арилгах, алга болгох, хасах, үгүй хийх, устгах
The effects of pollution are eliminating species around the world.

Related: set aside, get rid of, remeov

11. inspection—(үнс! Багш нь) n. үзлэг, шалгалт, ажиглалт, хяналт, алба ёсны
шалгалт
The cleanliness of the school cafeteria was so horrible that it didn’t pass inspections.

Related: official examination, scrutiny; checkup; critical

appraisal; survey

12. bacteria—(бактер) n. бактер, нян

Not all bacteria are bad for you; in fact, the human body needs bacteria for some bodily
functions.

Related: small microscopic organisms, made singular form

of bacteria

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TOEFL Vocabulary

13. rainfall—(Эрээн бол) n. аадар бороо, ширүүн бороо, хур тунадас

During the typhoon, the rainfall exceeded the amount the city would usually get in one
month.

Related: quantity of rain that has fallen

14. profound—( бороо fund) n. далай тэнгис, гүн ангал adj. гүн, гүнзгий, төгс
төгөлдөр
The effects of the earthquake were profound. The entire city was damaged in one way
or another.

Related: very learned, deep, fathomless

15. implication—( эм plyer) n. хамтран оролцсон байдал, хамаатай эсэх, далд утга,
утга санаа, дүгнэлт
You need to consider the implications of this decision to buy property in the marsh. It is
likely that environmental groups will protest against apartments being built on a site
they want to become a natural preserve.

Related: something implied, involvement, indirect

suggestion

16. terrace—(тэр ирис) n. дэнж, дэвсэг, тавцан

In the mornings I like to eat breakfast on the terrace while listening to the bird singing.

Related: balcony, porch, flat roof

17. surveyor—(Суурь баяр) n. судалгаа хийгч, шинжээч, шалгагч, байцаагч, газар

хэмжигч, зураглагч
The surveyor determined the natural boundaries of the property by using a prism
system and GPS.

Related: one who surveys, overseer, one who measures

areas of land as an occupation

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TOEFL Vocabulary

18. channel—(чанаал, шанель) n. суваг, хоолой, голын сав, голдирол

The Channel Tunnel connects England to France.

Related: bay, deeper part of strait, canal, television

broadcasting station

19. silicon—(циликон) n. цахиур, хим. силикон

Because silicon, as a material, is used a lot in computers, the word “silicon” has become
another word for the computer industry itself. For example, “Silicon Valley” in California
is home to a lot of computer-related research and development firms.

Related: brittle metalloid element found in sand, clay,

stone, widely used in chemistry industry

20. exploration—(X балаараа шинэ) n. шинжилгээ, судалгаа, хайгуул

A few months ago the legislature signed a law to increase funding for space exploration.
They hope to send a man to Mars someday!

Related: examination, checking

21. astronaut—(астраа найд) n. сансрын нисгэгч, огторгуй судлаач

Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to set foot on the moon.

Related: one trained for travel in space, space traveler

22. invasive—(энэ баас ав) n. дайрсан, довтолсон, халдсан, өнгөлзсөн

The invasive “crown of thorns” starfish is seen as a major threat to the Great Barrier
Reef.

Related: intrusive; interruptive

23. preservation—( pre serve) n. хамгаалах явдал, хамгаалалт, хадгалалт

Historical preservation tends to be popular in very rich areas, but I think that there are
sites in many poor areas that are also worth preserving.

Related: protection, safeguarding, conservation

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TOEFL Vocabulary

24. flooding— (флатын, флотын) n. усны түрлэг, усанд авахуулах

The river that goes through our town is in danger of flooding. If such an event were to
happen, it would ruin several shops and houses.

Related: rising of tide, inundation, overflow of water,

deluge

25. artificial—( art official) adj. хиймэл, хуурамч

Artificial reefs are built for the enjoyment of divers and to protect the environment and
historically sensitive maritime habitats.

Related: manufactured, synthetic, insincere

26. fertility—( fartility) n. үржил шим, үр шимтэй, элбэг дэлбэг байдал
Global overpopulation may not be an issue if fertility rates around the world continue to
fall.

Related: fecundity, reproductivity, fruitfulness

27. fertilize—(бэртэл аз) v. өтгөжүүлэх, бордох, үр нийлүүлэх, хөрсийг баяжуулах

The use of pesticides for fertilizing crops is quite controversial.

Related: impregnate, inseminate; enrich the soil by the

addition of organic or chemical substances

28. spectacular—( spect cooler) adj. сэтгэл хөдөлгөсөн, гайхамшигт

I heard that the pyramid of Egypt is a spectacular sight to see.

Related: impressive, magnificent, amazing

29. lunar— (луу нар) adj. сарны, сартай

Chinese New Year celebrated at a different time every year depending on the lunar
calendar.
Related: relating to the moon

30. astronomy—(астраа номын) n. одон орон судлал, астрономи

She finds astronomy very amazing, so one thing her boyfriend did to impress her was to
have a star named after her.

Related: study of celestial bodies

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TOEFL Vocabulary

31. Celsius— (цельс) n. цельсийн халуун хэмжигч

Zero degrees Celsius is the temperature that water freezes at.

Related: scale of temperature from 0’ to 100’

32. Fahrenheit— (байр нь хат/хад) n. Фаренгейтийн термометр, фаренгейтын

халуун хүйтний хэмжүүр
Her temperature was 99 degrees Fahrenheit, which is above normal but still not
considered to be a fever.

Related: measured by thermometric scale with freezing

point of water 32’ boiling point 212

’
33. horizon—(хайрын зуун) n. тэнгэрийн хаяа, хаяалбар 2. мэдлэгийн хүрээ 3. хэтийн
төлөв, байдал
Many people at the beach are content to just stare into the horizon, where the ocean
meets the sky.

Related: lines where earth and sky seem to meet,

boundary of mental outlook, limit of the knowledge or
interest of a person
34. landmark—(Land марк) n. газрын тэмдэг, түүхийн дурсгалт байшин, барилга
The
, place where I live actually has many landmarks, and one of them is the National Art
Palace.

Related: boundary mark, conspicuous object, as guide for

directiobuilding or site which has historical significancn, e

35. terrestrial—( дэрс тариал) adj. дэлхийн, бөмбөрцгийн, тив дэлхийн, дэлхийн
газрын
The terrestrial animals can be found in the north, east and central parts of the zoo.

Related: of the earth; of, living on land

36. marine—(мурийн) adj. далайн n. тэнгисийн явган цэрэг, флот, усан цэрэг
At the aquarium you can see many different kinds of marine life.

Related: of the sea, found in sea, soldier trained for land or

sea combat

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TOEFL Vocabulary

37. shortage—(шорт Ээж!) n. дутагдал, хомсдол

The water shortage in out town meant that only once in every three days could a
household have access to water.

Related: deficiency, lack, scarcity

38. irrigation—( ирэгээс нь) n. усжуулалт

In very dry climates such as that of central Queensland, water irrigation is necessary to
grow crops.

Related: act or process of artificially supplying an area land

with water

39. drought—( dry) n. ган, ган гачиг, агаарын хуурайшил

Droughts have a devastating effect on farmers who depend on a regular supply of rain
to water their crops.

Related: long spell of dry weather, lack of rain

40. Antarctica—(Антарктид) n. дэлхийн өмнөд туйл

Most species of penguins live in Antarctica.
Related: continent located at the South Pole

41. polar—(боолоор) adj. туйлын, эрс тэс, тэс өөр

Because of global warming, the polar ice caps are slowly melting.

Related: each of the ends of axis of earth, opposed

42. carbon dioxide—(гар буун дог сайт) n. нүүрстөрөгчийн хоёрдахь исэл,

нүүрстөрөгчийн
Many scientists agree that carbon dioxide is a major cause of global warming.

Related: colorless gas exhaled in respiration of animals

43. ultraviolet—(уйлтраа балет) adj. хэт ягаан

This lotion is a good product because not only does it make your skin softer, but it also
protects your skin from ultraviolet rays.

Related: electromagnetic radiation beyond limit of visibility at

violet end of spectrum

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TOEFL Vocabulary

44. reef—( R.I.P) n. хад (усан доорхи), алтны судал

There are many fascinating sea creatures that can be found in the Great Barrier Reef
which runs along the eastern coast of Australia.

Related: ridge of coral or rock located near the surface of

the sea,

45. moisture—(мөс чир) n. чийглэг байдал, чийг

The moisture in the air is making the car windows foggy.
Related: dampness, humidity; wetness

46. monsoon—(Мон сүү нь) n. муссон, улирлын салхи, бороотой улирал

During the monsoon season, it is best to keep an umbrella with you.

Related: cyclone, downpour, hurricane, storm, rainfall,

sirocco, wind, cloudburst, deluge

47. flaw—( f-law) n. сэван цавцуурхай, гологдол, алдаа мадаг

There is a flaw in your plan.

Related: imperfection,
48. absorb—( авс соров) v. татах, сорох, уусгах, шингээх, шимэх, гаргаж авах
Cotton is much better at absorbing liquids than nylon.

Related: suck up, drink in, engage, occupy

49. eruption—(ирэв шөнө) n. тэсрэлт, дэлбэрэлт, дайрч орох

That volcano has been dormant for over one hundred years, so there is little chance of
an eruption.
Related: bursting out, outbreak

50. organic—(органик, Оргио нэг) n. органик бодис, органик adj. амьд, байгалийн,
жинхэнэ, зохион байгуулагдсан
There is a popular trend towards eating organic vegetables rather than chemically
produced ones.

Related: produced without the use of chemicals, inherent;

developing naturally

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TOEFL Vocabulary

51. rainforest—(оройн буурышд) n. халуун орны ой, ширэнгэн ой

In large parts of Brazil, rainforests are slowly being wiped out.

Related: thick jungle area located where there is a heavy

amount of rainfall

52. acid rain— (acaaд irne) n. хүчиллэг бороо

Due to the amount of air pollution from the nearby factories, acid rain was a common
occurrence in the sky.

Related: polluted rain that contains sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxides which is caused by air pollution

53. environmentalist—(энэ байр нь метал ш дээ) n. 1. хүрээлэн байгаа орчныг

хамгаалагч 2. хүрээлэн байгаа орчны талаар судалдаг мэргэжилтэн
Environmentalists were responsible for the protests against the whaling boats.

Related: who supports the preservation of natural

environments

54. hurricane—(харыг нь) n. догшин шуурга, хар салхи, хүчтэй хар шуурга
The town was completely destroyed after the giant hurricane swept through it.

Related: strong tropical storm

55. malnutrition— (mal - nutrition) n. өлөн зэлмэн байдал, хүнс тэжээлийн дутагдал,
тэжээл муу
Due to the drought and food shortages, the villagers soon suffered from malnutrition.

Related: malnourishment, undernourishment, inadequate

nutrition

56. slaughter—( Sss-laughter)n. алан хядлага, нядалгаа, мал нядалгаа, v. 1. мал алах,
нядлах 2. бөөнөөр нь устгах, өршөөлгүйгээр хүйс тэмтрэх
All animals were slaughtered in order to provide the village with enough food.
The enemy army was responsible for the mass slaughter of all the villagers.

Related: carnage, massacre; overwhelming defeat, mass

killing of animals or humans

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TOEFL Vocabulary

57. distribution—(this three буу шинэ) n. хуваарилалт, тараалт, ноогдол

хуваарилалт, тархалт, дэлгэрэлт
Due to the continuing drought, the distribution of water across the land was limited.

Related: spreading about, scattering, division

58. deterioration—( Detroit rate) n. уналт, бууралт, муудах, доройтох, дордох

The development of beachfront property often leads to the deterioration of once
pristine coastline.
Related: decline, downfall, worsening

59. depletion—( deflation) n. хоосрол, үгүйрэл, дуусалт, барагдалт, ядуурал

Lack of rain for a period of seven months was responsible for the depletion of water in
the dam.

Related: reduction, emptying, exhausting

60. poisonous—(боос нь Ааваас) adj. хортой, хөнөөлтэй, зэвүүцмээр
Australia is well known for its high population of poisonous snakes.

Related: venomous; toxic, malicious, bad, evil

61. industrialize—(эндээс тэр л аз) v. аж үйлдвэржүүлэх, аж үйлдвэрийг хөгжүүлэх
It is hoped that the Congo River Dam will help industrialize Africa.

Related: become industrial, make industrial, develop

industry

62. species—(эс биш үс) n. төрөл аймаг, янз зүйл, анги

The biodiversity of the earth is becoming smaller due to the constant extinction of
species

Related: group, sort, class, kind

63. creature—(хэрээ чир) n. бүтээл, зохиол, туурвил, хүн, амьтан, адгуус

There are many interesting creatures in the sea, including dolphins, whales, starfish,
seahorses and eels!

Related: living being (human or animal); invention,

something created

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TOEFL Vocabulary

64. Iguana—(ий үгүй б-айнаа) n. Өмнөд болон төв Америкийн зэрлэг том гүрвэл
The iguana was lying in the sun warming itself after eating.

Related: large lizard native to Central and South America

65. Radiocarbon—(радио гарбуун) n. Нүүрстөрөгчөөр ончлох

The age of an artifact as old as this one can only be determined by radiocarbon dating.

Related: radioactive isotope of carbon (Chemistry)

66. vaporize—( вапор) v. ууршуулах, уурших

The sun is so hot in the Australian desert that a glass of water vaporizes in no time.

Related: become converted into vapor, become dissipated

(also vaporize)

67. balmy—( бал - мy) adj. 1. анхилуун үнэртэй, сайхан үнэртэй 2. амттай, сайхан
The weather in Southern England is mostly nice and balmy. The wind is always a soft
breeze and the sun is warm but never too hot.
Related: calm; mild; soothing

68. inadvertently—( in advert) adv. 1. зориудаар бус, санамсаргүйгээр 2. aнхаарал -

гүйгээсээ болж 3. өөрөө, аяндаа
The logging of the forest inadvertently exposed the remains and artefacts of a once lost
culture.
Related: mistakenly, unintentionally, unthinkingly

69. heritage—(хэртэж) n. өв, удамшил, өв хөрөнгө, өвлөгдөж байгаа зүйл

1 out of 48 Australians have German heritage.
Related: inheritance, tradition, birthright, legacy
70. prehistoric—() adj. балар, балар эртний, хуучин
Long before humans evolved, giant, prehistoric creatures resembling lizards roamed the
world. However, the appetites of these animals—known collectively as dinosaurs—were
as large as they themselves were, and this ultimately played a part in their downfall.

Related: old, ancient, antiquated, out-of-date

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TOEFL Vocabulary

71. artefact—( art fact) n. 1. хүний гараар бүтсэн зүйл 2. эртний хүмүүсийн
материаллаг соёлын үлдэгдэл, дурсгалууд
The National Palace Museum in Taiwan has many artefacts from ancient Chinese
dynasties.

Related: tool; object; man made object (often referring to

primitive tools)

72. pouch—(паа ouch!) n. цүнх уут, уут, хүүдий, уутлах, тамхины даалин, хэтэвч
When a kangaroo’s baby is young, the mother kangaroo puts the joey in her pouch.

Related: pocket, sac; handbag, purse

73. galaxy—(алагсья) n. тэнгэрийн заадас, урлагийн оддын тоглолт

When you consider how large the Milky Way is, it is simply amazing to consider that
there are also countless other galaxies in the universe.

Related: system of stars held together by gravity;

gathering of brilliant or glamorous people

74. torrid—(тоор ид) adj. аагим халуун, бүгчим, наранд шатсан

In the desert it is important to find ways to escape the torrid heat.

Related: blazing, fierce, passionate; parch, dry, arid;

excited, ardent

75. estuary—(яс чүрий!) n. голын адаг

Sediment that forms in river estuaries is an excellent source of fossils.

Related: place where the river current meets the sea tide
(as in the mouth of a river)

76. lagoon—(лаг ууна) n. далайгаас тасарсан байдал, давстай нуур

Because the water in lagoons is much calmer, they are a great place to go swimming.

Related: enclosed by atoll, saltwater lake

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TOEFL Vocabulary

77. sultry—( суултуур) adj. 1. аагим, бөгчим халуун, 2. оргилсон, дүрэлзсэн 3.

Улайрсан
The weather on the tropical island where we took our vacation was absolutely sultry.
We hesitated even to leave the hotel room.

Related: hot and humid, stifling; extremely

78. nippy—( nipple) adj. хүйтэн зэврүүн, чимчигнэсэн

The air during the winter is a little nippy.
Related: hot and humid, stifling; extremely

79. topographical—( топографик л) adj. байр зүйн

I like to visit places that have interesting topographical features, like mountains or
canyons.
Related: pertaining to topography, representing the
surface features of an area

80. panoramic—(панор аймаг) adj. панорам маягийн

In some places in the Rocky Mountain National Park you can see a panoramic view of
the ranges as they stretch out across the horizon.
Related: of a wide view in all directions, as from an altitude
or distance a panoramic view

81. peninsula—( Penisual) n. хойг, хагас арал

The peninsula juts out into the ocean for 2 miles.
Related: portion of land nearly surrounded by water

82. archipelago—(архи бүлэг) n. олтриг, бүлэг арал, усан гадаргуу, арлуудын бүлэг
There are many small islands in the archipelago north of the main island of Japan.
Related: group of small islands

83. prairie—(Ferrari) n. тал, хээр, тал газар, намгархаг газар

Most people think that prairies are boring because they are so flat, but actually you can
find many interesting life forms there.

Related: savanna, meadow, large open grassland

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TOEFL Vocabulary

84. plain—(бэлээн) n. тал газар, нүцгэн тал, adj. ил тод, хялбар амархан, шулуун
After the beautiful drive through the mountains, we were disappointed to come down
and see the plains.
Related: plateau, area of level ground; prairie, savanna,
clear, evident; simple

85. mountain range—(mountain range—rover) n. уул нуруу

The mountain range extending from North-Eastern to South-Eastern Australia is known
as “Great Dividing Range”.

Related: series of connected mountains, row of mountains

86. marsh—(march) n. намаг, балчиг, шавар, бүрд

Our farm is on the side of a large marsh, so our soil is very good for growing crops.

Related: swamp, morass

87. perennial—(per annual) n. олон наст ургамал
Perennial plants are the easiest to grow because you don’t have to replant them every
year.

Related: lasting through the years; perpetual, plant lasting

more than two years

88. meteorologist—(метро олжийшд) n. цаг агаар судлаач

Meteorologists have kept accurate records of weather conditions for over 100 years.

Related: one who is study of earth’s atmosphere

89. meteorology—(метро олжы) n. цаг уурын судлал, цаг уурын нөхцөл
Before studying meteorology, people had very little advance warning of large storms
that were on their way over.
Related: science of atmospheric conditions and weather
patterns

90. methane—(Мэдээ нь) n. хим. метан, намгийн хий

Methane gas leaks are hard to detect because methane is odorless.

Related: inflammable gas, compound of crbon and

hydrogen

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TOEFL Vocabulary

91. amphibian—(ам пиг байна) adj. 1. амьт. газар уснаа амьдардаг, n. хоёр нутагган
амьтан 2. газар усны аль алинд ургадаг ургамал
Amphibian such as frogs are fast on both land and water.

Related: able to live both on land and water (of animals);

able to operate both on land and water (of vehicles, aircraft
or troops)

92. chronological—(хороо logical) adj. товчоолсон, дэс дараалсан

The major natural disasters across history have been recorded in chronological order as
well as in order of destructive power.

Related: arranged in order of time

93. mammal—(mamma) n. сүүн тэжээлтэн, хөхтөн

Despite the continuing birth of offsprings, the largest sea mammal known as the blue
whale is under threat of extinction.

Related: animal of type that suckles its young

94. gulch—(гуу уулч) n. нарийхан гүн хавцал

The gulch formed by the Black River has walls so tall that at most times of the day direct
sunlight will not get into it.

Related: ravine; gully; canyon

95. copse—(гөбс) n. ширэнгэ, ширэнгэн ой

A small copse of trees forms a perfect setting for a romantic picnic.

Related: grove; coppice, thicket of bushes or small trees

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TOEFL Vocabulary

SOCIETY

1. reliability—(ирээл авлаа идий) n. найдвартай байдал, бат, бөх чанар, үнэн зөв
байдал
As the job involved meeting many deadlines, reliability of employees was a priority.
Related: dependability, responsibility, fidelity, loyalty
2. pursuit—( pursuit of happiness) n. мөрдөх хөөх, эрэл хайгуул, хөөх явдал, мөшгих,
гүйцэтгэл, зорилго, эрмэлзлэл
In modern society, the pursuit of money is increasingly important in order to sustain a
comfortable lifestyle.

Related: running after, attempt to catch, chase

3. setback—(Set back/ n. саад бартаа, азгүй явдал, бүтэмжгүй хэрэг
Failing the university entrance exam was a setback to furthering his career.
Related: obstacle, misfortune, instance of hindering
progress

4. antisocial—(анти социал) adj. 1. нийгэмд харш, нийгмийн эсрэг 2. зожиг, хажиг

Technology has been blamed for increasing antisocial behavior.

Related: not sociable, against society's principles

5. isolation—(I солиот) n.тусгаарлалт, ганцаардал v. тусгаарлах, хөндийрүүлэх

Spending too much time on the Internet rather than with real people tends to lead to
the problem of social isolation.

Related: separation, solitude, aloneness, quarantine

6. satisfactory—(судас factory) adj. хангалттай, хангамжтай, сэтгэлд нийцэхээр,

аятайхан, сайн, шаардлага хангасан
Facilities that cater for the disabled are still not of a satisfactory standard.

Related: adequate, sufficient, passable, acceptable

7. coordinate—(кординат/хурдан нет) v. 1. зохицуулах, тааруулах, эрхтэй, n.

зохицуулалт n. 2. нэг адил, тэнцүү, адилхан, тохирсон, тэгш

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TOEFL Vocabulary

One of the main responsibilities of a tour operator is to coordinate travel arrangements

between hotels and travel agents.

Related: arrange in proper order, equal, equivalent

8. sophistication—(Софи гэша) n. 1. нарийн уран санаа, чамин тансаг хийц 2.
ухаалаг байдал, цэцэн мэргэн байдал, мэргэн санаа 3. хуурамчаар хийх,
гуйвуулах явдал
Because of his world travels and important job, John was a man of great intelligence and
sophistication.

Related: worldliness, ingenuity, complexity,

9. auspicious—(авс биш ус) adj. 1. аятай таатай, бэлэгтэй, өлзийтэй, ээлтэй 2.
цэцэглэж байгаа
I would like to thank you all for coming here today to help us celebrate this truly
auspicious occasion—the launching of the Titanic.

Related: of good omen; favorable, beneficent

10. debate—(дэвээд) n.маргаан, хэлэлцүүлэг, мэтгэлцээн v. хэлэлцүүлэг явуулах,
хэлэлцэх, маргалдах
Strong debate over the construction of the resort was inevitable.
The two political parties debated the important issue of healthcare funding into the early
hours of the morning.

Related: n. argument; discussion v. argue; discuss;

11. negotiation—(нөгөө тийшн) n. хэлэлцээр, хэлэлцээ, v. нөхцлийг харилцан

тохиролцох, гэрээ хэлэлцээр байгуулах
When two people disagree or have different goals, negotiation is often required in order
to reach some form of agreement.

Related: treating with another on business; discussion;

transference

12. socialization—(социолозоо шинэ) n. нийгэмшүүлэх, нийгэмчлэх

The socialization of children at an early age is vital to their later adjustment to adulthood.

Related: process of adopting the behavior patterns of the

surrounding culture

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TOEFL Vocabulary

13. circumstances—(circum stance) n. нөхцөл байдал, орчин, байдал, шалтгаан

Circumstances sometimes prevent us from doing what we would like to do.

Related: modifying condition, influencing factor,

situations

14. hostility—(hostage ) n. өшөө, харш, дайсагнал, өшөөрхөл, дайн, байлдаан

The hostility between the two countries is making the citizens of both countries very
nervous.

Related: enmity, animosity, antagonism, hatred; hostile

act; resistance

15. discrimination—(this хэрэмээ наашн) n. ялгалт, ялгаварлан үзэх үзэл,

ялгаварлан гадуурхах
Racial discrimination in any form is now illegal.

Related: discernment; partiality, unequal treatment

16. condemn—(гондом) v. шийтгэх, буруушаах, ял тулгах

I don’t condemn this kind of behavior. I just feel that it should not be allowed in the
workplace.

Related: denounce; convict, declare guilty

17. prejudice—(Бэрээ Жүд-ээс) n. мухар сүжиг, балай заншил v. хор хүргэх, хохирол
учруулах, урьдчилан ятгах
George says that he doesn’t have any prejudice towards other races, but every time he
has a problem, he tends to blame it on people who are not white.

Related: n. bias; prejudgment v. express a preconceived

opinion

18. civil rights—(сэвээл ) иргэний эрх

African-Americans gained many civil rights during the 1960’s and 1970’s, but that
doesn’t mean that everything is totally fair right now.

Related: citizen's rights, basic rights of citizens

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TOEFL Vocabulary

19. harassment—(хар ass mint) v. 1. санаа зовох, анхаарч халамжлах 2. санаа

зовоосон үйлдлүүд
Harriet sued her boss for sexual harassment after he made several disparaging remarks
about her figure.
Related: bothering, tormenting, pestering

20. refugee—(рэппэр Gee) n. цагаач, дүрвэгч.

Many refugees from the ethnic war in Sudan are seeking refuge in the European Union.

Related: one who flees for safety, one who seeks protection
21. outcast—(out-cast) n. 1. хөөгдөгч, цөлөгдөгч 2. орон гэргүй хүн
Although Leon was a social outcast in high school, he later enjoyed great popularity
when he founded a computer software company and became a millionaire.

Related: homeless; wandering, ostracized person

22. intimidation—(anti мэдээ шинэ) n. айсан байдал, айдас v. сүрдүүлэх, айлгах

Every day the secretary feels like she faces intimidation, not only from her boss but also
from other secretaries.int
Related: act of intimidating; fear or timidity caused by
threat

23. spokesman—(S бокс man) n. төлөөлөгч, илтгэгч, нэвтрүүлэгч, зарлагч

The spokesman of the charity announced how aid will be distributed to those who have
been affected by the recent floods.

Related: one deputed to speak for others

24. petition—(pet шинэ) n. өргөх бичиг, өргөдөл, хүсэлт v. өргөдөл гаргах

More than 1000 people signed a petition to prevent the government from building a
new airport in the city’s east.

Related: request, demand; plea, appeal

25. deportee—(de-port) n. цөлөгдөгч, цөлөгдсөн хүн

The deportee had faced hours of interrogation before being forced to leave the country.

Related: one who has been sent away

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TOEFL Vocabulary

26. penalty—(финалды) n. 1. шийтгэл 2. ял, торгууль 3. эсрэг тал

The penalty for smoking on school grounds is two days’ suspension.

Related: punishment; fine

27. materialize—(материал аз) v. биелэгдэх, бодит болгох, амьдралд хэрэгжих,

бодитой юм болох, биелэх, гүйцэтгэгдэх, бүтэх, хэрэгжих
He promised that he would send the document by Monday, but it is Friday and it has
still not been materialized.

Related: punishment; fine

28. pension—(бин шинэ, pen шинэ) n. тэтгэвэр, тэтгэлэг, тэтгэмж

The only reason that he is still in the army is that in a few years he will be able to retire
on a pension.

Related: regular payment to old people, retired public

officials

29. personnel—(person л) n. боловсон хүчин, хувь хүн, ажилтан, бие бүрэлдэхүүн

Maggie is responsible for ensuring that all hospital personnel have been vaccinated.
Related: staff, work force; team, crew

30. workforce—(бүрэг барс) n. ажлын хүч, ажилтан, нийт ажилчид, хөдөлмөрийн

нөөц
The workforce at our New Zealand plant is very young and mostly female.

Related: manpower, force of workers available

31. self-contained—(self-contain) adj. зожиг, биеэ даасан, тусгаарласан, хаалттай,

өөртөө үйлчлэх
Some traditional communities try to remain self-contained but due to the pressures of
modernization most often fail in this respect.
Related: that is not dependent on others, independent; has
control over oneself

32. autonomous—(автономит) n. автономит, бие даасан, өөртөө засах

The autonomous organization for the homeless operated quite effectively despite being
understaffed and underfinanced.
Related: autonomic, independent

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TOEFL Vocabulary

33. sociable—(Саша бол) adj. нөхөрсөг, хүнтэй нийцтэй, найрамдалтай n. үдэшлэг

уулзалт
He is a very sociable person and so never turns down an opportunity to meet new
people.
Related: friendly, affable, genial, companionable, informal
gathering

34. racism—(ирис үзэм) n. арьсны өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах

It is getting harder and harder to define racism in because even though minorities enjoy
full civil rights, they may sometimes lose opportunities based on their race.

Related: belief in innate superiority of particular race;

antagonism towards members of different race based on this
belief—racialist

35. formality—(формоо л идий) n. дүрэм, ёс журам, ёс дүрэм, хэт албархуу байдал

There is a high degree of formality in Japanese companies.

Related: ceremony; procedure; accepted custom; stiffness;

conventionality; strictness

36. affirmative—(aff эр mate) adj. нааштай, зөвшөөрсөн, баттай, баталгаа, баталсан

Affirmative action or otherwise known as positive discrimination in British English has
been encouraged in the workforce for quite some time now, however not without
controversy.
Related: favorable, positive statement

37. accreditation—(ac - credit)/ 900 мянган акр газар/ n. их дээд сургуулийг магадлан
итгэмжлэх, хэв хэмжээнд тохирсон гэдгийг хүлээн зөвшөөрөх
Our medical college is accredited by the Australian Medical Association. There are only
ten schools in Australia that have this accreditation.

Related: provision of credentials, delegation of authority

38. social security—(саша л cigarette) нийгмийн хангамж
The British are increasingly coming to realize that they cannot rely on social security to
provide for them when they get old.

Related: state provision for the unemployed

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TOEFL Vocabulary

39. dysfunctional—(дисфункц) adj. эмн. дисфункцийн

Misbehaving children are often the product of a dysfunctional family.

Related: of or pertaining to a dysfunction

40. deprivation—(depress байшин) n. хагацал, гарз, хүнд хохирол, гачигдал,

дутагдал
In today’s fast-moving society, sleep deprivation is a common problem for many
workers.

Related: taking away; lack, deficiency

41. apathy—(а path ) n. хайхрамжгүй, үл тоосон, ноомой, идэвхгүй байдал
There was widespread apathy amongst the students who had failed.

Related: indifference, lack of emotion, disinterest

42. observable—(өвсөөр байвал) adj. илэрхий, мэдэгдэхүйц ,харагдахуйц, анхаарал

татахуйц
There were observable changes in his behavior after his brain surgery.

Related: discernible; protruding; seeable

43. ambience—(Амбий эмс) n. орчин, хүрээлэн байгаа орчин, нөхцөл
The ambience of the restaurant was perfect for a romantic date.

Related: setting, mood; atmosphere

44. constituent—(constitution) n. 1. сонгогч. 2. бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг.
Every month the senator sends a newsletter to his constituents informing them of what
he is doing for them.

Related: voter, elector; component, ingredient, unit

45. driving force—(driving барс) n. гол хүн, хөдөлгөх хүч
My love for Thai food was the driving force behind my decision to go there on vacation.
Related: motivation, push that causes things to be
completed

46. colony—(колони) n. 1. колони 2. суурин газар, эзэмшил газар

Australia, a former British colony, was first used as a place to confine criminals of the
lowest order of English society.
Related: body of people who settle in new country but
remain subject to parent state; country so settled

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TOEFL Vocabulary

47. reclusive—(Rec лус ивээ) adj. даяанчийн, зожиг

The reclusive man had lived in the forest by himself for ten years before returning to
civilization.

Related: living in seclusion, living apart from society

48. tenet—(te.net) n. ягшмал номлол, зарчим, хоосон номлол, итгэл үнэмшил

One of the principal tenets of the Christian faith is to “love your neighbor as yourself”.

Related: principle; belief

49. orthodox—(ортой dogs) n. хуучинсаг үзэлтэн, adj. ортодокс, зөв суртлыг
баримталсан, уламжлалыг дагагч, тууштай, нийтээр зөвшөөрсөн
Her orthodox views on politics were challenged by her classmates.

Related: observant; conservative; religious

50. aristocratic—(Aristotal) adj. язгуурт, язгууртны, сурвалжтаны
Mr. Dearborn comes from an aristocratic family in England, which is why his manners
are so refined.

Related: of the noble class, of the ruling class

51. endowment—(энэ дааманд) n. тусламж мөнгө, хүртгээл, хандив, авъяас билиг

Every year the school offers ten presidential scholarships that are funded by the school’s
endowment.
Related: grant, award, donation; talent, gift

52. urbane—(уур байна) adj. эелдэг ялдам, ёсорхуу, соёлтой, дэгжин, чамин
Sammy was his usual urbane and charming self at the cocktail party last Friday night.

Related: polite, courteous

53. anomie—(А.Номио) n. 1. хууль зөрчих, ёс бус үйлдэл 2. ёс суртахууны уналт,
уламжлалтзан заншлаа огоорох
The social anomie in San Fernando is because of the strength of the pornography
industry there.
Related: breakdown of social structure (Sociology)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

54. semblance—(same balance) n. дүрс байдал, гаднахь байдал, ижил/ төстэй байдал
Any semblance of politeness between the two rivals disappeared when they entered
the boxing ring.

Related: image, likeness; external appearance, look;

impression, illusion

SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY
1. derailment—(De - rail) n. галт тэрэгний осол, төмөр замаас гарах, сүйрэх,
онхолдох
The derailment of the busy rush hour train caused many deaths.

Related: act of running off the rails

2. tram—(драма) n. 1. трамвай, эрчилсэн торгон цуулт 2. вагончик, тэрэг

Although trams were a popular form of public transport in the cities of the past, they
soon became obsolete.

Related: streetcar; cart run on tracks in a coal mine

3. microchip—( микро cheap) n. микро схемтэй чип

Advances in the development of computing technology led to the creation of the
microchip.

Related: small wafer of silicon etc. containing electronic

circuits, chip

4. magnet—(магнет)/ХХК-н нэр/ n. соронзон, цахилгаан соронзон

A large magnet was used to load and unload the steel building rods onto the truck.

Related: piece of iron, steel having properties of attracting

iron, lodestone

5. malfunction—(мал банк чинь) n. ажлын доголдол саатал(э.з), буруу ажил,

зогсолт, эвдрэлт
The malfunction of the generator was responsible for the warehouse fire.

Related: improper functioning, failure to operate properly

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TOEFL Vocabulary

6. precaution—(бэр хойшно!) n. болгоомжлол, урьдчилан сэргийлэх арга хэмжээ,

сануулга, дохио
Necessary precautions have been taken in order to prevent another accident.

Related: safeguard, safety measures, procedures carried out

in order to ensure security

7. atomic—(атомыг) adj. атомын, атомын эрчим хүчийг ашигласан

When an atom is divided, it creates atomic energy.

Related: of or pertaining to atoms; that employs nuclear

energy

8. radiation—(радио шинэ) n. цацраг туяа, цацраглал

High levels of dangerous radiation were expelled after the accident at the nuclear
power plant.
Related: energy radiated in the form of waves or particles, process of
emitting energy in electromagnetic waves or moving particles

9. incision—(энэ цээж нь) n.зүсэлт, огтлол, уусгалт v.огтлох, зүсэх

The surgeon made the first incision into the man’s back in order to extract the
cancerous mole.
Related: cut; act of cutting into something (generally for
surgical purposes)

10. genetic—( генетикийн) adj. гарал зүйн ухааны

Because I have a genetic predisposition for diabetes, I need to be even more careful of
what I eat. Many diseases are not communicable but rather caused by genetic factors.

Related: of or pertaining to genetics, of or relating to genes;

hereditary, familial

11. ecology—(экологи) n. экологи, экологи судлал

Due to a greater awareness of environmental problems in society, more and more
young people are studying ecology.

Related: science of plants and animals in relation to their

environment

26
TOEFL Vocabulary

12. artificial intelligence—(artificial үнэтэй л жинс) n. хиймэл тархи, электрон тархи

Many people are afraid that current research into artificial intelligence will produce
robots that will be smarter than humans.

Related: branch of science dealing with simulation and

implementation of human intelligence on a computer

13. ozone layer—(озон илэр) озоны давхарга

The ozone layer protects the earth from the sun’s harmful rays.

Related: layer of product resulting from the electric

decomposition of the oxygen in the atmosphere

14. vaccine—(вакцин) n. вакцин, тарилга

This tetanus vaccine will prevent you from getting rabies if you happen to be bitten by a
dog or any other animal with rabies.
The vaccine for smallpox was one of the greatest discoveries of the human race.

Related: any substance for inoculation against disease

15. interconnect—(энэ тэр хоногт) v. холбох, нийлүүлэх , харилцан холбох, сүлжээнд

залгагдах
The Internet makes it possible for people in separate parts of the world to be
interconnected.
The computer and security system are interconnected for greater efficiency.

Related: connect one with another; become connected;

connect, link (Computers)

16. database—(да-за та бааз) n. мэдээллийн бааз, суурь, датабейс

This database contains information about the blood type of those who have donated
blood to the Red Cross.
The information of all the company’s personnel is contained in the computer system’s
database.

Related: file containing data on a certain subject

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TOEFL Vocabulary

17. radioactive—(радио ахдав) n. радио идэвхт, цацраг идэвхт

The waste that comes from nuclear fission processes is dangerous because it is
radioactive.

The area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is still somewhat radioactive many
years after the accident.

Related: emitting invisible rays that penetrate matter

18. virtual reality—(барчиул ирээл идий) үүсгэмэл бодит байдал

In the future, virtual reality will allow us to experience many things such as rock-
climbing without the danger of actually doing it.

Related: 3-dimensional image that imitates reality

19. indispensable—(indis pen авбал) n. чухал хэрэгтэй зүйл adj. зайлшгүй

шаардлагатай, хэрэгцээтэй
The Internet has now become an indispensable part of modern life.

Related: absolutely necessary, essential, vital

20. destruction—(дэс дарааг шинэ) n. эвдрэл, сүйрэл, хоосрол, үгүйрэл, сүйрэл

мөхлийн шалтгаан
The destruction of the environment seems to be less important than economic security
to many nations.

Related: ruin, desolation, annihilation

21. clone—(гол нь, хөл нь) n. эснээс хиймэл аргаар гаргаж авсан ургамал/ амьтан,
биол. эсийн үржил
In Britain a sheep was cloned a few years ago, so I imagine they will be able to clone a
human in just a few more years.

Related: group of organisms, cells of same genetic

constitution as another

22. component—(компани энд) n. найрлага, бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг, орц, хольц, нэг

хэсэг, эд анги
The car is of high quality because every small component is carefully crafted.

28
TOEFL Vocabulary

Taiwanese companies produce most of the computer components for overseas

technology companies.

Related: ingredient, single piece which forms part of a larger

whole; part, constituent

23. transmission—(транс мишээнэ) n. уламжлал, дамжуулга, дамжуулалт,

нэвтрүүлэг, дамжуулагч v. явуулах, илгээх, нэвтрэх, өнгөрөх, тархах,
нэвтрүүлэх
My car’s transmission broke down today, so I had to get it towed to the repair shop.

Related: sending; broadcast; transmittal, conveyance

24. magnetic—(Магнай тэг) adj. 1. соронзтой, соронзон 2. дур татах, сэтгэл булаах
The new train, which will connect Ulaanbaatar to its airport, will use magnetic levitation
to allow it to run quickly and smoothly on its tracks.

Related: with properties of magnet; exerting powerful

attraction

25. animation—(энэ эмээ шинэ, аны машин) n. зурмал кино v. амь оруулах,
амьдруулах, сэргээх, хөгжөөх, амьдруулах сэргээх
Japanese animation has not only inspired the animation market in other Asian
countries, but also become popular in the United States and elsewhere.
Related: vitality; wakefulness; creation of cartoons

26. installation—(үнстэл ийшн) n. байрлуулалт, тоног төхөөрөмж, суурилуулалт,

угсрах, суурилуулах
When the installation process of this software programme is complete, you can begin
downloading music from the Internet.

Related: process of installing, putting in place

27. evolve—(е-volva) v. хөгжих, хувьсах, үүсэх, хөгжүүлэх, өргөжүүлэх

I have a hard time believing that human beings evolved from apes.

There are still some people who refuse to believe that both humans and monkeys
evolved from the same ancestors.
Related: develop, gradually change or mature over time; be
developed, be changed

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TOEFL Vocabulary

28. hypothesis—(гипотез) n. таамнал, таамаглал

If you are able to prove that your hypothesis is correct, you may just have made an
important discovery in the field of biochemistry.

Related: suggested explanation of something; assumption as

basis of reasoning

29. ideology—(ID олжы) n. үзэл суртал, суртал, ертөнцийг үзэх үзэл

The IT company’s strong adherence to its ideology of success in innovation ensured it
was always at the cutting edge of the industry.

Related: body of ideas, beliefs of group

30. amplification—(am plug) n. нэмэгдүүлэлт, өргөжүүлэлт, дэлгэрүүлэлт, v.

өргөтгөх, нэмэх
The amplification of sound is necessary at large door musical concerts.

Related: strengthening, reinforcement; enlarging

31. gravity—(graffiti/гараа битий) n. 1. таталцлын хүч, хүндийн хүч, 2. хүнд байдал,

чухал/ноцтой байдал
Without the natural force of gravity, the world would be uninhabitable.

Related: force of attraction of one body for another, esp. of

object to the earth; heaviness; importance

32. spacecraft—(space гар аавд) n. сансрын хөлөг, сансрын хөлгийн флот

Billions of US dollars have been spent on improving technology in building NASA
spacecraft.

Related: vehicle made to travel in outer space

33. biochemist—( биохимич) n. биохимич
Recent research into genetically modified animals is being conducted by biochemists
around the world.

Related: one who specializes in biochemistry

34. cybernetics—(кибернетик) n. кибернетикийн ухаан
In the world of cybernetics, humans can be broken down into parks like a machine.

Related: science of communication and automatic control

systems in relation to both machines and living things
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35. pharmacology—(Parma College)/Parma—city in north Italy/ n. эм судлал

My friend was more interested in researching medicine, so she studied pharmacology
instead of going on to medical school to become a doctor.

Related: science dealing with the uses and effects of

medications

36. artisan—(ap design/ art design) n. гар урлалын зүйл хийгч хүн, дархан
My grandfather is a very skilled artisan. He can make many things out of wood.
Related: artist, creator; craftsman, skilled workman

37. botany—(бутны) n. ургамал зүй, ургамал судлал

When she was very young, she has always had an interest in nature, so her parents
suggested her to study botany.

Related: branch of biology dealing with plant life

38. physiology—(физиологи) n. бие судлал, бие махбодийн судлал
I have always been interested in how the physiology of flowers in different from that of
ferns.

Related: study of the functions and activity of the body

39. chromosome—(хромосом) n. хромосом
Down’s syndrome can be attributed to a certain defect in a person’s chromosome
composition.

Related: rod-shaped structure in a cell's nucleus containing an

organism's genetic code

40. ubiquitous—(UB quit) adj. явахгүй газаргүй, юм бүхнээс хоцордоггүй 2. газар

сайгүй байдаг
The Internet is making it possible for information to be ubiquitous.

Related: omnipresent, universal, pervasive, widespread, broad,

extensive, worldwide, all-over

41. petroleum—(petrol яам) n. нефть, керосин, газрын тос

Petroleum resources will not last forever. They will run out eventually.

Related: mineral oil

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TOEFL Vocabulary

42. spectrometer—(спектрометр) n. спектрометр

Scientists use a spectrometer to measure the band of coloured lights in a rainbow.

Related: instrument for measuring spectral wave lengths

43. meteoroid—(метр од) n. солирын биет

Luckily the meteoroid finally broke into small pieces before it hit the earth.

Related: small solid body which becomes a meteor upon entrance

to the Earth's atmosphere (Astronomy)

TRAVEL-CULTURE-HOLIDAYS & FESTIVALS

1. package tour—(бакь ээж түр) n. зохион байгуулалттай аялал, зугаалга
Tim didn’t want the hassles of planning and organizing his trip around Europe, so he
decided to join a package tour. Little did he know the trouble he was getting himself
into.

Related: organized tour that includes accommodations and

transportation and is sold as one unit

2. flight—(балаа ид) n. нислэг, хөөрөлт, нисэлт, зугтаалт

Flight TA567 to Rome has been temporarily delayed due to unforeseen circumstances.
Sorry for any convenience.

Related: flying; aviation; trip on an airplane

3. transfer—(транс бэр) n. шилжүүлэх, нүүлгэх, солих, зөөх, дамжуулах, дамжих

Flying from Perth to London, we had to transfer four times, which made the flight a lot
longer.
Related: exchange, move from one place to another, convey,
relocate

4. accommodation—(а come on дээшн) n. байр, сууц, буудлын өрөө, орон байр

If you plan to travel in Mongolia during a national holiday, it is best to book your
accommodation as early as possible to save the hassle of arriving in a city and not
having anywhere to stay.

Related: housing; residence; lodging; adjustment

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TOEFL Vocabulary

5. embark—(эм bark – ну погоди дээр чоно усан онгоцонд суухын тулд дөрвөн хөллөж,
хүзүүвч зүүгээд, нохой шиг хуцдаг)
v. холог онгоцонд ачих, хөлөг онгоцонд суух
The Jones embarked on their road trip across Britain in high spirits. Little did they know
the troubles that lay ahead of them.

Related: go on board a ship, put on board a ship

6. excursion—(экскурсын) n. экскурс, аялал, тойрон аялал, явган аялал, v. гадагш

гарах, хотоос зайдуу гарах
Every year Miss Smith takes her students on an excursion to the zoo to help them learn
about the habitats of native and non-native animals.

Related: outing, trip

7. voyage—(Bon voyage – цэвэр ус) n. аян, далайн аялал v. далайгаар аялах

The voyage to Australia across the Indian Ocean is a treacherous one.

Related: n. trip, journey; travel, cruise v. take a cruise, travel,

make a journey

8. long-haul—(long – xoл ) алсын, холын

The risk of long-haul, intercontinental flights have become more apparent in recent
years due to the increase in the number of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) cases on these
flights.

Related: having length

9. deport—(дүф од) v. улсаас хөөх, хөөх, цөлөх, хөөн гаргах, хүчээр зайлуулах,
шахан гаргах
After working illegally in Australia on a tourist visa, Paddy McGuire, when discovered,
was deported immediately to his own country.

Related: banish, expel (from a country); send away; behave,

conduct

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TOEFL Vocabulary

10. expatriate—(ex patriate – patriate буюу эх орноосоо ex буюу гарах) v. эх нутгаас нь

хөөх, иргэний харъяалалыг хасах, эх орноо орхин явсан хүн, цагаачлагч
The number of expatriates coming to live and work in Taipei is increasing at a
phenomenal rate.

Related: v. banish, expel, deport, exile n. exile, one who lives in a

foreign country

11. emigration—(эмээгээр шинэ) n. гадаадад нүүх явдал, цагаачлал, нүүдэл,

шилжин суурьших
Emigration is becoming a major problem for a lot of under-developed countries because
skilled, educated citizens leave the country to find better opportunities in more
developed places. This has become known as “brain drain”.

Related: act or process of leaving one's own country to settle in

another

12. iceberg—(ice бээрэг) n. 1. мөсөн уул 2. хөндий хүйтэн хүн

It was an iceberg which led to the demise of the Titanic.
Related: large floating mass of ice which has broken off from a
glacier

13. relic—(эр элэг – архиологи хийж яваад хүний амьд элэгтэй хүний шарил, эртний
зүйлс олдов ) n. эртний үлдэс, үлдэгдэл , ул мер, нандин/ дурсгалт юм, шарил,
чандар
Many travelers to Italy enjoy visiting museums and historical sites for the great Roman
relics.

Related: remnant, thing remaining, esp. as memorial of saint;

memento; remains, traces, dead body

14. scenery—(C нээрээ) n. байдал, үзэмж, тайзны чимэглэл, засал, байгалийн

байдал, тайзны засал
The scenery was lovely. Green trees, a blue lake and snow-capped mountains loomed in
the distance.

Related: view, vista, panorama; set, backdrop used onstage to

portray a particular setting or locale

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TOEFL Vocabulary

15. sightseeing—(size-ийн) n. дурсгалт газруудыг тойрж үзэх, дурсгалт, үзэсгэлэнтэй

газрыг үзэж сонирхох
There are so many places for a tourist to go sightseeing that it’s hard to know where to
start.

Related: act of traveling about and visiting tourist attractions,

involved in visiting tourist attractions

16. souvenir—(сүмийн нэр) n. бэлэг дурсгал, дурсгалын зуйл

It is always nice, when travelling, to buy small souvenirs from different places. Firstly to
use as gifts for friends and secondly as a memento of the trip.

Related: reminder, memento (of a person, occasion, etc.)

17. waterfall—(баатар бол) n. хүрхрээ, цутгалан

The waterfall was very picturesque until the government decided to build a big dam a
little way upstream.

Related: perpendicular descent of waters of river

18. edifice—(edit office – оффисийг өөрчлөөд тэнгэр баганадсан өндөр барилга болгов)
n. тэнгэр баганадсан барилга, олон давхар өндөр байшин
Taipei has many edifice in the world.

Related: very tall building

19. custom—(каст юм, костюм) n. заншил, зуршил, , ёс заншил, хэвшил

Unfortunately, fewer and fewer people understand the customs and traditions of even
their own country.

Related: habit; tradition; convention

20. expedition—( экспсдиц) n. жуулчлал, аялал, экспедеци, экспедиц, аян,

шинжилгээний анги, хурдан, түргэн, яаруу
This expedition was Jack’s fifth attempt to climb Mt. Everest. All his previous
expeditions had failed due to extreme weather conditions.

Related: journey embarked upon for a particular purpose;

group on such a journey; haste, speed

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TOEFL Vocabulary

21. hitchhike—(hitch hike – hitch нь угаасаа замын унаад суух гэсэн утгатай) v. замын
унаагаар явах
Hitchhiking is a great way to explore a new country. All that’s needed is a sense of
adventure, a thumb and the time and patience to stand on the side of the road to wait
for someone to stop ands give you a lift.

Related: travel by begging free rides

22. itinerary—(IT - info&technology хөгжөөд бүрэн автомат зам заагчтай болсон) n. зам,
чиглэл, аян замын тэмдэглэл adj. замын, аян замын
When travelling, it is always better to have a flexible itinerary to allow for any
unexpected changes.

Related: route, travel route, travel plans; travel journal, record

of a journey; travel guidebook

23. stopover—(ёстой овор-той) n. замд тур зогсох, буудаллах

I’ve only been to Tokyo once. Unfortunately it was a short stopover on my way back to
London, so I wasn’t able to see much.

Related: short break in journey

24. flight attendant—(flight тэнд анд) зорчигчдыг онгоцонд суулгах нисэхийн

ажилтан
The life of a flight attendant is not as glamorous as most people think: long-haul flights,
irritating passengers and tight schedules make the work a lot harder than it would first
seem.

Related: steward, stewardess

25. claim—(хэл ам) n. шаардлага v. шаардлага тавих, нэхэмжлэх, хүсэлт гаргах,

өргөдөл гаргах, заргалдах
Patrick’s luggage was lost on route from Beijing, so after arriving in Sydney he had to
make a lost luggage claim at the airport.

Related: n. lawsuit; plea v. demand; sue; plea; assert

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TOEFL Vocabulary

26. jetlag—(Jet лаг)/сургалтын төв/ n. цагийн зөрүү

When travelling on long-distance flights, it is best not to drink coffee and alcohol but to
drink a lot of water, thereby keeping the body hydrated and reducing the effects of
jetlag.

Related: feeling of physical exhaustion and disorientation caused

by travelling between time zones

27. luggage—(лаг ээж) n. ачаа тээш, ачаа, тээш

I always try to travel light and not to take too much luggage.

Related: suitcases, cases and bags carried by travelers, baggage

28. terminal—(тэр минь л) n. 1. эцсийн, сүүлчийн, төгсгөлийн, хамгийн сүүлийн adj

2. эдгэрэшгүй, эмчлэгдэшгүй.
Before you can enter the airport terminal, you must pass a security checkpoint.

Related: either end of a passenger line, end, extremity, closing,

concluding, final; mortal, incurable

29. full board—(full board – хоол ундаар дүүргэчихсэн шүүгээ) хоолны үнэ багтсан
It’s quite common for people on working holiday visas to get a job as an au pair as it not
only includes full board and keep but the money earned will also cover some of their
travelling expenses.

Related: accommodation provision that includes all meals (at a

hotel or guest house)

30. chambermaid—(Шамбрам – aid ) n. Зочид буудлын үйлчлэгч

The chambermaid was very busy cleaning rooms because the hotel had been fully
booked for the whole summer.

Related: maid who makes beds and cleans bedrooms (as in a

hotel)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

31. porter—(портер)/машин/ n. ачаа зөөгч, суудлын галт тэрэгний үйлчлэгч,

үүдний манаач
The porter helped Mr. Jones carry his luggage from the hotel lobby to his room.

Related: person employed to carry burden, eg on railway, door-

keeper

32. altitude—(Алтай – Монголын хамгийн өндөр Алтайн нурууд) n. өндөр далайн

төвшнөөс өндөр, өндөрлөг газар, оргил дээд цэг, өндөр албан тушаал, дээд
зиндаанд хамаарах
Fifteen minutes after take-off, the plane reached its cruising altitude and the flight
attendants started serving drinks.

Related: distance above sea level, height, eminence, elevation,

loftiness

33. carousel—(гэрээс л, гараас л) n. 1. тойруулга 2. зорчигчдын тээшийг олгодог

дамжуурга
While Henry was waiting for his luggage at the carousel, he suddenly realized that he
forgotten his briefcase on the airplane.

Related: merry-go-round (ride for children)

34. declare—(тэхлээр) v. тунхаглах, мэдүүлэх, зарлах, мэдэгдэх, айлтгах, хэлэх,

илэрхийлэх
You have to declare any animal or plant products you bring into Australia.

Related: proclaim, make a statement

35. destination—(дээнсдий наашн) n. хүрэх газар, очих газар, зорьсон газар,

зорилго, зориулалт, заяа тавилан
We have a number of destinations on our European express tour. The first one is
London and the final one is Madrid.

Related: place where one is going, place where something is sent

38
TOEFL Vocabulary

36. evacuation—(e vacuam – тухайн хэсэг газрыг вакуумжуулах) n. 1. нүүлгэн

шилжүүлэх, гаргах, 2. эмн. цэвэрлэх, 3. агааргүй болгох, вакуум үүсгэх
After the evacuation of the archaeological site, it will be open for public inspection with
the majority of visitors expected to be foreign tourists.

Related: process of clearing people out, act of removing (from a

dangerous area, war zone, etc.); withdrawal; discharge of
contents

37. entree—(enter - ee) n. 1.үндсэн хоол, 2. орох эрх, хувийн илтгэл

Travelling first class is great, especially the food, as it’s not just a meal but includes
entrée and dessert.

Related: dish served as the main course of a meal, right to entry,

access

38. inspector—(эннээс бэх тор) n. байцаагч, хянагч, ажиглагч, шалгагч,

зааварчлагч, харгалзагч, хүлээн авагч
Flight safety inspectors need to be very thorough with their investigations, other wise it
may result in fatalities.

Related: one whose job it is to supervise and examine

39. layover—(элээ өвөө) n. замд зогсох, удаан хугацааны зогсоол

During my layover in Singapore, I chose to take advantage of some of the best shopping
malls in the world, right at the Singapore airport.

Related: brief stop in a journey

40. cosmopolitan—(cosmo / хамтрах – politan /улс орнууд) n. үндэсний үзлээс ангид,

хөндий, олон үндэстний, дэлхийн
Frederic is so cosmopolitan. He knows what to wear, eat, say, and has no problems
mingling in Paris, London and New York.

Related: citizen of the world, cosmopolite, worldly; not limited to

a specific location or country

39
TOEFL Vocabulary

41. resort—(ирис орт) n. 1. амралтын газар, 2. түшиг, найдвар, хоргодох газар 3.

рашаан эмнэлэг v. 1. гуйх, хандах, тусламж эрэх 2. эргэх, очих
Getting fired was the last straw. Helen was fed up and had had enough. She packed her
bags and got on the next flight to a small resort on an island in the Caribbean.

Related: popular vacation site, place of recreation, source of

help, source of protection

42. feast—(Beast -- Beast-д хоол хийж өгөхгүй бол Beast чамайг feast болгоод eat
болно) n. найр, зоог, баяр наадам, цайллага v. хүндэтгэл үзүүлэх
After the Thanksgiving feast, all I could do was lie on the couch and take a nap.

Related: banquet, religious festival, exceptionally delicious meal,

something unusually pleasurable

43. ornament—(Урнаа мэнд!) n. чимэг чимэглэл, хээ угалз

They like to hang the ornaments on the Christmas tree together as a family.

Related: decoration, embellishment, that which adorns

44. indigenous—(indian гэнь – Индианчууд америкийн уугуул иргэд) adj. 1. нутгийн,

уугуул, уг нутгийн 2. байгалиас заяасан, байгалийн, төрөлхийн
It’s very important to educate children on their country’s indigenous culture.

Related: native; belonging naturally to a place; originating from

a place

45. multinational—(малтъя наашин л) n. олон үндэстэн хоорондын нэгдэл adj. олон

үвдэстний, улс хоорондын, хэд хэдэн улсыг оролцуулсан
The work culture at that multinational company is very serious and professional.

Related: of many nations; composed of several nationalities;

pertaining to a multinational company

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TOEFL Vocabulary

46. ancestry—(аан цаас three) n. 1. удам, төрөл, гарал үүсэл, угсаа 2. эртний төрөл 3.
өвөгдээдэс, элэнц хуланц
His ancestry can be traced all the way back to the first Spanish colonialists.

Related: family origin, genealogy; line of descent

47. heroic—(hero-г) n. 1. баатарлаг туульс adj. баатрын, баатарлаг, 2. эр зоригийн,

туульсын 3. хүний төвшнөөс өндөр 4. баатарлаг, амь дүйсэн
The story of heroic Hercules which has been passed down the generations is an
important part of Greek and Roman culture and has even been made into a kid’s movie
by Disney.

Related: characteristic of a hero or heroine, courageous, fearless,

daring

48. misfortune—(мисс буржийна) n. гай гамшиг, золгүй/азгүй явдал

We had the misfortune of rain throughout our entire honeymoon on the tropical island
of Tahiti.

Related: bad luck, tragedy, hardship, disaster, adversity

49. trolley—(троллейбус) n. трамвай, тэрэг, тэргэнцэр, түрдэг тэрэг тээшний

If you ever get the chance to ride a trolley in San Francisco, you should certainly take it.

Related: bus deriving power from overhead electric wire but not
running on rails, wheeled cart for moving goods

50. kiosk—(key оосор) n. мухлаг, түц

The bus schedules can usually be found at the kiosks.

Related: small structure from which newspapers or other items

are sold; open pavilion

51. boutique—(ботинк) n. эмэгтэй хүний хувцас зардаг жижиг лангуу, сүүлийн

үеийн загварын хувцасны тасаг, эмэгтэй хувцасны тасаг (их дэлгүүрийн)
I enjoy going to her boutique because she is always busy making the most interesting
looking clothes.

Related: small shop, shop dealing in women's clothes or

accessories
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TOEFL Vocabulary

52. arcade—(arc –байшингийн аркыг санах хэрэгтэй) n. нуман хаалга, нэвт гарах
гудамж
That amusement park not only has roller coasters and a mini-golf course, but also an
arcade.

Related: passageway covered with an arched roof; video game

room, location containing coin-operated games

53. auction—(огшино) n. дуудлага худалдаа, үнэ хаялцуулах худалдаа v. дуудлагаар

худалдах, үнэ хаялцуулах худалдаагаар зарах
There are many famous paintings being auctioned off today at that auction house.

Related: n. public sale where items are sold to the highest bidder
v. sell at an auction

54. bid—(бид) v. 1. үнэ хаях, үнэ өгөх, үнэ хэлэх (дуудлага худалдаан дээр) n. 2.
санал болгож байгаа үнэ, үнийн санал, мэдэгдэл, санал болгож буй үнэ 3. санал
4. оролдлого 5. урилга
Before you place a bid on this painting, you must consider how much you can afford and
what your highest ultimate bid will be.

Related: v. congratulate; offer a price; plead; summon, call n.

tender; offer, proposal

55. venue—(Виен-хотод Дашка найз охинтойгоо уулздаг) n. уулзах газар, уулзалтын

газар, тэмцээний газар, уралдаан явуулах газар
An outside auditorium would be the most suitable venue for this concert.

Related: scene or setting of an event; scene of the crime; place of

trial

56. kayaking—( hiking) n. нэг хүнд зориулагдсан хөнгөн завь

At camp you have many options for getting into the water, including swimming,
canoeing and kayaking.

Related: Eskimo canoe made of sealskins stretched over frame;

any canoe of this design

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TOEFL Vocabulary

57. launch—(луу нь ч/лаа нь ч) v. 1. хөлөг онгоцыг усанд тавих, усанд оруулах

(хөлөг онгоцыг), 2. хөөргөлт (пуужингийн) 3. нисгэх (онгоцыг) 4. (үйл
ажиллагаа) эхлэх, өрнүүлэх, хөдөлгөөнд оруулах
Going out on the lake is very popular today. Look at the long line of cars waiting to
launch their boats!

Related: put a boat in the water; send forth; start; run, act of
launching; act of setting afloat; act of sending out; act of starting
or initiating; commencement

58. rucksack—(Рузалк) n. үүргэвч, аяны богц

His rucksack is packed with enough food supplies to last a week.

Related: backpack, knapsack

59. culture shock—(culture шок) соёлыг гайхах

One of the first times I realized I was experiencing culture shock in Mongolia was when I
tried ordering food at a restaurant and ended up with pigs’ intestines.

Related: emotional shock which occurs when a person is

adjusting to an unfamiliar culture

60. gorgeous—(хор жүүс) adj. янзтай, гуа сайхан, тод, хурц, гоёмсог, тансаг, сүрлэг,
сайхан, гялалзсан
The Balinese dancers wore gorgeous outfits for their performance.

Related: marvelous; wonderful; sumptuous; beautiful or

handsome (about a person)

61. cathedral—(катедрал) n. цуглаан, чогчин дуган сүм

When I go to Europe, I want to visit some of the historical cathedrals there.

Related: main church of a diocese (district under a bishop)

62. exquisite—(X-гүй site) adj. нарийн гоёмсог, гоёмсог, тансаг, бүрэн, төгс, хэт
хээнцэр ганган хүн

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TOEFL Vocabulary

Although the Neanderthal man was not yet fully human and although he had a brain
volume larger than that of modern man, he made exquisite tools of stone.

Related: excellent, well made; sharp, intense; delicate, dainty

63. Catholic—(kатолик) n. католик шашинтан, католик, католик шашны

There is a current controversy in the Catholic church regarding the shortage of priests.

Related: member of the Roman Catholic Church, belonging to the

Roman Catholic Church

64. Easter—(истэр) n. улаан өндөгний баяр

Easter is the holiday when Christians celebrate Jesus Christ’s resurrection from dead.

Related: Christian festival commemorating the resurrection of

Jesus Christ, Feast of the Resurrection

65. Labour day—(лабор day ) n. хөдөлмөрийн баяр, хөдөлмөрчдийн баяр (5 сарын 1),
Хөдөлмөрийн өдөр
May 1st is Labour Day in most countries.

Related: public annual holiday in honor of working people held in

certain countries on May 1st

66. attraction—(тараг шинэ) n. татагдалт, татах хүч, дур булаам байдал, гоо
үзэсгэлэн, сайхан төрх
The most popular attraction at Disney is Splash Mountain

Related: attractiveness, allure, enticement, affinity, allurement,

appeal, charm, lure, bait, fascination

67. carnival—(карнавал) n. багт наадам, их наадам, олон нийтийн баяр, зугаа цэнгэл
The carnivals held across Brazil in February every year are most popular for their
dancing, costumes and all-night parties.

Related: festival, pageant, public celebration

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TOEFL Vocabulary

68. commemorate—(co memorate – хамтын дурсамж) v. баяр хийх, тэмдэглэх,

тэмдэглэх /үйл явдал/, тэмдэглэх (үйл явдлыг)
Americans commemorated the anniversary of September 11th by holding a number of
solemn ceremonies in their hometowns.

Related: memorialize, remember, pay tribute, honor the memory

of (a person, event, etc.)

69. confetti—(Kon fatty) n. чихэрлэг зүйлс

DJulia felt so embarrassed. She had arranged everything for the wedding so carefully but
it was only as the happy couple were about to walk out of the church that she
remembered the confetti. What could the guests throw on the newlyweds?

Related: small bits of colored paper (thrown at weddings, parades,

etc.)
70. jack-o’-lantern—(jack-өө!-ланд-аар нь) n. хээрийн гал, четгөрийн гал, үе үе
харагдах гал
Little John took hours choosing the right pumpkin. This Halloween, he was going to
carve the biggest and scariest jack-o-lantern in town.

Related: 1. a will-o’-the-wisp. 2. a lantern made esp. from a

pumpkin with holes for facial features.

71. Ramadan—(дан рама – Мацаг барих ёслолын өдөр дан Рама масло илэхийг л
зөвшөөрдөг ) n. шаш. рамадан, шашны баяр, мацаг барих
During Ramadan, it may be hard to find any restaurants open.

Related: small bits of colored paper (thrown at weddings, parades,

etc.)

72. Sabbath—(Сав bath – амралтын өдөр болохоор Бааска саванд ус буцалгаж байгаад
ордог) n. амралтын өдөр /шашны/
How much a Jewish person decides to do on the Sabbath is often dependant on how
strict his/her beliefs are.

Related: period of rest

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73. posterity—(poster эр – Баттөр өөрийн нүцгэн зурагтай poster-ийг хүүхэддээ

өвлүүлэв ) n. үр удам, хойч үе.
The great leader had a larger than life statue built of him for posterity.

Related: offspring, descendants; future generations

74. render—(reindeer – Санта санхүүгийн хямралд өртөөд цаа бугаа өрөндөө өгөв ) n. 1.
төлбөр, төлөөс, v. төлөх 2. болгох, өгөх, ач хариулах, будах, үзүүлэх /тус/ 3.
тайлагнах, тайлбарлах, орчуулах, хэлмэрчлэх
New high-speed railway networks have rendered the old traditional lines obsolete.

Related: give, submit; do; transform; bring to a particular

condition; represent, depict; translate

75. medieval—(мэдвэл) adj. дундад эртний үеийн, дундад зууны, маш эртний
This museum is having a showing of medieval art next month.

Related: of or pertaining to the Middle Ages; like the Middle Ages

76. bazaar—(Базар)/хүний нэр/ n. 1. зах, хар зах 2. буяны зах 3. их дэлгүүр,

худалдааны том танхим
You can find many inexpensive but beautiful things at the bazaar in the middle of the
town.

Related: outdoor sale, market; fair

77. tawdry—(тодоръё) n. тод, нүдэнд туссан, гяланцаг болсон гоёл, гялгар цалгар
The tawdry bars of the red light district were quite popular with the foreign
businessmen.

Related: loud; cheap

78. wayfarer—(ивээ пара) n. явган хүн, аянчин

The wayfarer had come all the way from the other side of the country.

Related: wanderer, traveler

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TOEFL Vocabulary

79. berth—(бэрд ) n. ор (усан онгоцон доторхи), унтах байр, тавцан, усан онгоцны
боомт, зогсоол
The marina has enough berths to fit 100 boats.

Related: bed (in a train or vehicle); place where a ship is anchored

80. reincarnation—(Re in car nation – машинд шинэ улс төрөх) n. биелэл, амилал,
дахин төрөх, хойд төрөлдөө төрөх
The Buddhist belief in reincarnation is that who or what you become in your next life is
dependant on your actions in this one.

Related: rebirth of souls in new bodies, regeneration of souls, re-

embodiment

81. adherent—(адгийн хэр энд – мөрдөгч хүн амины хэргийг хувцсанд нь наалдсан
наалдамхай сунжралдсан хэрээр нь илрүүлэв) n. мөрдөгч, баримтлагч, дагагч,
нягт холбогдсон, adj. унжралдсан, наалдамхай.
He has long been an adherent of airline safety.

Related: supporter; follower, devotee, sticking, clinging; modifying

a noun (Grammar)

82. amenity—(Амины – орон сууц бол тохитой) n. 1. сайхан байдал, ая/ тав тохь тух,
тохилог байдал 2 .гоо үзэмж, зөөлөн найрсаг зан, эеддэг ааш, ёсорхуу байдал
The resort’s amenities were among the best in the country, including a massive pool,
fully-equipped gym and even a nightclub and casino.

Related: pleasantness; agreeability; affability

83. parish—(Паар иш – Сүмийн паарнаас нэг хүнийг уяад дахин хэзээ ч гараахааргүй
болгов) n. сүмийн харъяат нутаг, тойрог, сүмийн мөргөлч
The Catholics in my aunt’s parish tend to be more open-minded than those where I live.

Related: congregation, community; flock; region, area

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TOEFL Vocabulary

84. meditation—(мэдээтэй шинэ) n. бясалгал, бодол, эргэцүүлэл

Meditation is becoming a popular alternative for people stressed out by modern
societies’ pressures.

Related: musing; reflection, contemplation; act of meditating; act of

deep thought or consideration

85. enlightenment—(en-light) n. 1. гэгээрэл, гэгээрсэн байдал 2. соён

гэгээрүүлэгчдийн гүн ухаан 3. нэмэлт мэдээлэл
He meditates day and night in the hope that he will be able to achieve enlightenment.

Related: state of being enlightened, state of intellectual or spiritual

awareness

86. galley—(галлы, гаалийн) n. усан онгоцн гал тогооны өрөө

The flight attendant asked the passenger to leave the galley as they were about to
encounter turbulence.

Related: low flat single-decked vessel using sails and oars, ships or
aircraft’s kitchen, tray to hold type that has been set

87. endemic—(эндээ ээмэг) n. эмн. орон нутагт тархсан өвчин adj. тухайн орон
нутгийн шинжтэй
The tour guide advised us to stay away from certain areas of the city at night as crime
was endemic there.

Related: native, local, indigenous; limited to an area; characteristic

of a particular location or region

HEALTH
1. arthritis—(art writers) эмн. үе мөчний үрэвсэл
Arthritis is a debilitating condition that is most prevalent in persons over the age of 50.

Related: inflammation of the joints (Medicine)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

2. infection—(энэ б-г шинэ) n. халдвар, халдварын шинж, бохирдол

Chest infections are more common in damp cold climates than in dry cold ones.

Related: contagion, disease, contamination, transmission

3. stiffness—(Steve нис) n. эмн. хөдөлгөөнгүй бандал, хөшилт

Stiffness of the joints is more common in winter than summer.

Related: inflexibility, rigidity

4. cancer—(хээнцэр) n. 1. эми. хорт хавдар, өмөн үү 2. шархлаа, гай зовлон

Cancer is the number two cause of death.

Related: malignant growth, malignant tumor; disease caused by

these growths; invasive and evil influence

5. cholesterol—(холестерин) n. биохим. холестерин

Many people these days are worried about their cholesterol levels.

Related: fatty substance present in the blood and in certain foods

(excess amount can cause a hardening of the arteries)

6. stressful—(стресс фүлл) adj. 1. хурцадсан 2. хүчлэсэн байдал үүсгэсэн, стрессэд

хүргэсэн
At the top of the list of stressful occupations is that of air traffic controllers.

Related: to cause stress, causing physical or mental tension

7. incurable—(энэ гүүр байвал) adj. эмчилшгүй, эдгэштүй, анашгүй n. эдгэршгүй

өвчтөн
Despite modern medical advances, a number of diseases remain incurable.

Related: having no cure, cannot be medically treated, cannot be

healed, cannot be reformed or changed

8. protein—(бороо тийн) n. уураг, протейн, протеин

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TOEFL Vocabulary

Meat is one of the best sources of protein available.

Related: kinds of organic compound which form essential part of

food of living creatures

9. tablet—(та билет) n. эм (үрэл), дугариг эм

The tablet should be taken as directed by your physician.

Related: pill of compressed powdered medicinal substance

10. symptom—(цемтин) n. 1. гадаад шинж тэмдэг, шинж тэмдэг 2. ул мөр

If the symptoms persist, please consult your medical practitioner.

Related: sign, indication, manifestation; something caused by and

indicative of a certain disease or disorder

11. substance— (савс теннис) n. бодис, эд юм, гол утга, эд, юм, мөн чанар, баялаг
The essential substances in a proper diet are lots of fruits and vegetables.

Related: material, matter; essence, meaning, content; reality; body,

consistency; wealth

12. treatment—() n. эмчилгээ, сувилгаа, засал, хандлага, харьцаа, боловсруулалт

Psychiatry deals with mental illnesses and their treatment.

Related: medical care, therapy, care; relation, attitude, behavior;

handling, usage; artistic or stylistic handling

13. disorder—(this ор дэр/ордер) n. эмх замбараагүй байдал, замбараагүй, эмх

цэгцгүй, холион бантан, эх адаггүй явдал, өвдөх, өвчин, эмгэг.
Eczema is a disorder of the skin.

Related: lack of order, confusion; something irregular; disturbance;

malady, sickness

14. prevent—(бэрээ бинт!) v. 1. урьдчилан сэргийлэх, анхааруулах, хамгаалах 2.

саад тотгор болох, саад тээг болох

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TOEFL Vocabulary

Regular exercise and a healthy diet are the best way to prevent disease and maintain a
high level of fitness.

Related: cause not to happen, avert; delay, impede, hinder

15. prescription—(бэрээ исгэрэв шинэ) n. эмийн жор, жор, заавар, зааварчилгаа,

танилцуулга
Having finished her last dose of medication early one Sunday morning, Dora had an
anxious 24-hour wait before she could get a new prescription from her doctor.

Related: written order for a medication; instruction, directive;

order

16. diabetes—(даа бид ес)/заа-даа/ n. эмн. саахрын өвчин, чихрийн шижин

Barry’s mother was always very careful not to let him eat too many sweets as a child to
prevent him from developing diabetes in his old age.

Related: disease in which the body's ability to metabolize sugar is

impaired

17. physician—(position) n. эмч

Fewer and fewer people are willing to become medical physicians due to the high rate
of litigation in the medical industry.

Related: doctor

18. dietician—(Да тийшн) /да жүүс/ n. хоол тэжээлийн мэргэжилтэн, цагаан хоолны
эмч
Before starting a diet to lose weight, it is always best to consult a dietician to ensure the
new diet will have no harmful effects on your health.

Related: one skilled in dietetics, nutritionist

19. pharmacy—(формоос) n. аптек, эмийн дэлгүүр, эм зүй, эмийн сан

After getting a new prescription from her doctor, Dora went straight to the pharmacy to
get her new medication.

Related: preparation and dispensing of drugs, dispensary

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TOEFL Vocabulary

20. ward—(ваард, баард) n. тасалгаа, хороо харъяа, асрамжинд буй хүн

When Barry started to threaten other patients and staff in the psychiatric ward with
erratic, aggressive behavior, his doctor was forced to relocate him to the isolation ward
until his condition improved.

Related: division (of a hospital, prison, etc.); administrative section;

minor

21. hypnosis—( гипносоос) n. гипноз, ховс

John decided to try hypnosis as a cure for his insomnia only after all the other
treatments were found to be either ineffective or unsatisfactory.

Related: induced state like deep sleep in which subject acts on

external suggestion

22. theoretical—(the article) adj. 1. онолын 2. таамаглалын, магадгүй, боломжтой

From a theoretical perspective, this problem would seem easily solved, but practical
limitations of the theory make the solution a lot more difficult.

Related: existing only theory, hypothetical, abstract, speculative

23. characteristic—(характараас тэг) n. онцлог шинж, өвөрмөд шинж төрх, тодорхой

чанар, тодорхойлолт, онцгой шинжтэй, гойд ялгаатай.
She has several endearing characteristic: the way she flutters her eyelids and her shy
laugh.

Related: distinguishing quality; trait, attribute, typical; distinctive

24. experimental—(х бэр мэндэл) adj. туршилтын, сорилтын, туршилтын сорилтын

The drug is still at an experimental stage so it will not receive government approval until
further experiments have been completed.

Related: empirical, speculative, exploratory

25. stimulation—(9 тэмүүл ийшн) n. сэрэл, урамшил, сэргэлт, урамшуулал

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TOEFL Vocabulary

The stimulation Jack got from drinking three cups of coffee caused him to stay up all
night.

Related: arousal, invigorating; motivation

26. sensation—(сэнсээ шинэ) n. 1. сэрэл, мэдрэл, мэдрэмж, мэдрэхүй 2. шуугиан,

дуулиан
After falling from a horse and severing his spinal cord, Barry lost all the sensation in his
body from his waist down.

Related: physical feeling; emotion, mental feeling, perception,

function of the senses, excitement

27. obsess—(өвсөөс, Увсаас, oops! S) v. айдас төрөх, айх, сэтгэл эзэмдэх, шаналгах,
зовоох /санаа, бодол, айдас/
It is difficult to focus on daily activities when you start to obsess about one problem in
your life.

Related: be fixated; worry, annoy

28. outgrow—(Аавд 3, хуруу) v. суга өсөх, өсөж том болох, ургах

As the baby was feeding and sleeping well, it soon outgrew all the 0 sized clothes that
were given to her at birth.

Related: become too large, become too old for; surpass in growth

29. urge—(урж, урьж) n. хүсэл эрмэлзэл, хөдөлгөх хүч v. албадах, шаардах, шалах,
гуйх, яаруулах, тэвдүүлэх
After being on diet for only three days, Betty started to have all sorts of urges, which
she could not control. In the end she had to give in and eat all the chocolate she had
stashed under her bed.

Related: strong instinctual desire, drive; impulse, itch; act of

urging, incite, provoke

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TOEFL Vocabulary

30. dietary—(даа тарья)/заа-даа/ n. 1. цагаан хоол, зөв хооллох тухай ном

After he was diagnosed with diabetes, the doctor recommended a number of dietary
restrictions.

Related: pertaining to diet, pertaining to nutrition

31. breakdown—(бээрэг тав нь) n. уналт, нуралт, эвдрэл, хэмхрэл, осол, хямрал,
сүйрэл, мөхөл
The stress caused by her parents’ divorce and not being accepted into her top-choice
college caused her to have a psychological breakdown.

Related: collapse, downfall; spoilage, rotting; specification,

itemization

32. insomnia—( энэ сум нь) n. нойргүйдэл, нойр хулжилт

My work is so stressful that it’s causing me to lose sleep. If this insomnia continues, I will
have to see a doctor.

Related: inability to get enough sleep, sleeplessness

33. hormone—( гормон) n. гормон, даавар

Hormone replacement therapy has been used for relief of menopausal symptoms.

Related: substance secreted by certain glands which stimulates

organs of the body

34. hypertension—(Hi патен шинэ) n. цусны даралт ихдэлт, цусны даралт ихсэх
Regular exercise and a healthy diet is the best cure for hypertension.

Related: abnormally high blood pressure

35. obesity—(өвс идий) n. таргалалт, өөхлөлт, жин нэмэлт, хэт бүдүүрэх

Obesity is becoming more and more of a problem in developed countries.

Related: state of being excessively overweight

36. wakefully—(в-ээг булы) adv. нойргүй, унтаж чадахгүй

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TOEFL Vocabulary

The patient found it hard to wakefully watch TV while confined to his hospital bed as he
had taken so many prescription drugs.

Related: with alertness

37. insulin—(инсулин) n. эмн. инсулин.

If your pancreas doesn’t secrete a sufficient amount of insulin, you need to supplement
it with insulin shots.

Related: hormone needed for utilization of sugar in body, treatment

for diabetics

38. cardiovascular—(картаа бас гөлөр) adj. эмн. зүрх судасны

Cardiovascular disease is becoming common in metropolitan cities.

Related: of or pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

39. strain—(эс тараана/S train) n. 1. гарал үүсэл, төрөл, үүлдэр, овог, таталт 2.
удамшил, удамшсан щинж чанар, ачаалал, хэт их ачаалал, мэдрэлийн хэт
ядаргаа 3. зан чанар, төрх, сонирхол, эмн. шөрмөсний суналт
He has been under a lot of nervous strain since the breakup of his marriage.

Related: tension; pressure; exertion; sprain or other injury caused

by excess stress on some part of the body; extreme emotional
pressure
40. holistic—(холоос тэг) adj. бүхэл бүтэн, нэгдмэл
Holistic approaches to medicine can complement conventional approaches.

Related: of or pertaining to holism; focusing on the connection

between parts of a whole

41. compound—(компанид) n. холимог, нийлмэл, хольц, бүрэлдэхүүн,нийлмэл үг

adj. хэд хэдэн хэсгээс бүтсэн, нийлмэл бүтэцтэй v. холих, нийлүүлэх, нэгдүүлэх,
бүрдүүлэх, нэмэх
Compounds are isolated from plants to produce pharmaceuticals.

Related: enclosed area; mixture, substance composed of different

elements, mix, blend, combine

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TOEFL Vocabulary

42. paradoxical—(парадоксийг л, парадыг цэгэл )/баярын парад/ adj. гаж буруу хачин
маягийн
There’s something paradoxical about fast food companies promoting a healthy diet and
lifestyle.

Related: contradictory, illogical, negates itself

43. pediatrician—(пээдий яа тариа шинэ) n. хүүхдийн эмч

Craig loved children, so after finishing his medical degree he decided to specialize in
pediatrics and become a pediatrician

Related: doctor who specializes in treating children

44. craving—(хэрээ wing/бинг) n. их хүсэл, хүслэн, эрмэлзэл, мөрөөдөл

In the third trimester of Mary’s pregnancy, she started to get all kinds of strange
cravings. Occasionally Phill, her husband, could satisfy her demands, but usually Mary
was left frustrated and angry.
I’m craving chocolate.

Related: desire, yearning

45. pacifying—(басъя баянг) adj. амарлиулсан, тайвшруулсан, тайвшрал

Peter’s peaceful approach to the situation had a pacifying effect on everyone involved
and helped avoid any further violence.

Related: calming; softening; placating, appeasing; bringing peace

46. induce—(энэ дуус/энэ жүүс) v. өдөөх, нөлөөлөх, бий болгох, ятгах,гуйх, шаргаах,
урамшуулах, зоригжуулах, албадах, индукцлах
Once in a while it may be OK to take pills to induce sleep, but you have to be careful not
to become addicted to them.

Related: cause, bring about, set in motion; influence, persuade,

impel; infer, deduce, derive a general proposition from certain facts

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TOEFL Vocabulary

47. sanatorium—(Санаа тор юм)/хүний нэр/ n. 1. сувиллын газар 2. амралтын газар

Richard’s doctor advised him to check into the local sanatorium to facilitate a faster
recovery from his latest bout of dysentery.

Related: rehabilitation center, hospital for the treatment of chronic

diseases

48. polyclinic—(болий гилийн нэг/поликлиник) n. клиник, ерөнхий зориулалтын

эмнэлэг
Brendan enjoyed his weekly visit to the local polyclinic. Not only did he learn a lot of
interesting information about how to control his disease, he had also made a lot of new
friends who had a multitude of rare and interesting diseases.

Related: general hospital; medical clinic

49. tomography—(томографи) n. томографийн зураг
X-ray, ultrasound, PET and MRI are all forms of tomography because they are all used to
take pictures of the interior of the body.

Related: X-ray photography using a tomography

50. endocrine—(энэ дуграна) n. физиол. дотоод шүүрлийн булчирхай

The endocrine system is responsible for gland secretions.

Related: internal hormonal secretion

POLITICS

1. publicity—( павилон cиди) n. зарлал, нийтлэл, реклам, ил тод байдал,

сурталчилгаа
Nothing ruins an American presidential candidate’s chances of election like some bad
publicity.

Related: state of being public; advertisement, action or item

designed to attract public notice

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2. Delegate—(дэлгээд) n. төлөөлөгч, төлөөний хүн, элч, v. томилох, төлөөлөх

I am, however, my constituency delegate to the Labor conference this year so may get a
chance to speak.

Related: n. agent, deputy, ambassador, spokesman v. assign, appoint,

designate, deputize, devolve

3. equality—(кола тай) n. 1. тэгш байдал, тэгш эрх, 2. тэгш эрхтэй байдал 3. нэг
хэвийн байдал, нэгдмэл шинж
Equality for all people before the law is one of the necessities of a civilized society.

Related: equal state; sameness, uniformity

4. politician—(болий тийшн) n. улс төрийн зүтгэлтэн

Although politicians are voted in to act on behalf of the people, many are seen as
criminals in nations with corrupt governments.

Related: statesman, someone involved in politics

5. committee—(comedy) n. хороо, комисс

A new committee was set up to monitor the progress of the redevelopment project.

Related: group of persons appointed or elected to act upon some

matter of business, board

6. congress—(Хонгороос/конгресс) n. их хурал, конгресс, уулзалт, хурал. цуглаан

In the USA, the congress consists of two law-making bodies: the Senate and the House
of Representatives.

Related: meeting, conference, assembly, national lawmaking body

of the country

7. autonomy—(автономи) n. хараат бус байдал, бие даасан байдал, өөртөө засах

улс
After a lot of internal conflict, East Timor was finally granted autonomy from Indonesia.

Related: independence

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8. Federal—(Peter л)/хүний нэр/ adj. улсын, холбооны, засгийн

Around the nation, voters are expected to choose a new president for the upcoming
federal election.

Related: of or pertaining to a form of government in which separate

states unite under a central authority while retaining limited powers
of government

9. imperial—(ийм бэр л) adj. эзэнт улсын, эзэн хааны

The imperial power of the Roman Empire was responsible for the changes in law and
culture in European history.

Related: pertaining to an emperor or his empire; regal, royal;

imperious; fit for an emperor

10. majority—(май жор идий) n. давамгай байдал, дийлэнх, ихэнх.

The majority of the town’s population voted against the re-election of the mayor.

Related: greater part or number, number greater than half of the

total; number of votes which amounts to more than half the votes
cast

11. minority—(май нар идий) n. цөөнх, цөөн тооны, бага хэсэг

Refugees, although happy to escape their troubled nations, often find hardship as an
ethnic minority in their new country.

Related: smaller group as opposed to the majority

12. liberation—(илбээр шинэ) n. 1. чөлөөлөлт 2. тэгш эрхийн төлөө тэмцэл

The liberation of France in the Second World War led to the final demise of Nazi
Germany.

Related: act of setting free, releasing; state of being liberated,

freedom, emancipation

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13. conservative—(консерв идэв) adj. 1. хуучинсаг, хуучинсаг үзэлтэн, консерватив,

уламжлалыг хадгалах дуртай 2. хамгаалалтын
Traditional styles and values are of higher importance than social change for
conservative governments.

Related: resisting change, desiring to preserve traditions; cautious

14. equitable—(эвгүй тавьбал) adj. үнэн шударга, адилхан, ижилхэн, төв, цэх
Laws of government are made to treat members of the public in an equitable way.

Related: just, honest, fair

15. labour party—(албаар party ) лейборист нам

The labour Party in Britain has traditionally represented the beliefs and interests of the
working class.

Related: labour party

16. ban—(байна, баан)/угаалгын өрөө/ n. хориглолт, хаалт, хориг, v. хорих цаазлах,

хориг тавих, хориглох
After the spate of recent accidents from the use of firecrackers, the government has
now banned its sale to minors.

Related: prohibition; boycott, embargo, make a blockade; forbid,

prohibit

17. enforce—(info-гооc)/сэтгүүл, мэдээ/ v. 1. албадах, хүчээр хийлгэх, шаардах, үйл

ажиллагаанд оруулах 2. амьдралд хэрэгжүүлэх, дүрэм журмыг сахиулах, хууль
сахиулах
While governments are responsible for law-making, it is the job of the police to enforce
it.

Related: compel, force; administer; strengthen, intensify

18. nationalism—( национализм) n. 1. үндэсний үзэл 2. эх оронч үзэл 3. үндэсний

төрх онцлог

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Every four years, strong feelings of nationalism arise in people from around the world
who are watching the Olympic Games.

Related: patriotism, devotion to one's country; ambition for

national progress

19. forerunner—(four runner) n. өвөг, түрүүчийн/ өмнөх хүн/ юм.

In America in the late 1960’s, equal rights political leaders such as Marten Luther King
were seen as the forerunners for future change.

Related: ancestor, one who comes before

20. dynastic—(дайнаас тэг) adj. овог удмын

Ancient Mongolian history has an intriguing dynastic past.

Related: of or pertaining to a succession of rulers from the same

family

21. collapse—(хол авс, кола авс) n. нурах, , сүйрэл, мөхөл, сөнел, дампуурал, v. унах,
сүйрэх, сэтгэлээр унах
The revolution led to the collapse of the existing government and the implementation
of a new controlling party.

Related: n. breakdown, crash; falling in; compression, v. fall in,

suddenly fall apart; fail; suddenly lose consciousness

22. negotiator—(нөгөө шатар) n. хэлэлцээр хийгч, гэрээ хийгч этгээд, зуучлагч

A negotiator was brought in to ease the tension between the two sides.

Related: one who participates in a bargaining session, one who

negotiates

23. debilitate—(devil идээд) n. эрүүл мэндийн доройтол, биеийн тамирдал. v. 2.

муутгах, тамирдуулах, доройтуулах, чадал барагдуулах
The popularity of the future president was debilitated by the recent scandal.

Related: incapacitate, weaken, enfeeble

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24. monarch—(маанаг) n. эзэн хаан, хаан, хаант засаг

Citizens of Denmark have a strong love for their monarch, Queen Margrethe II.

Related: hereditary sovereign, sole ruler, king, queen

25. treaty—(three тийн) n. олон улсын хэлэлцээр, олон улсын гэрээ , хэлцэл
Finally the conflict ended with the signing of a peace treaty by both sides.

Related: formal agreement between two states, compact, covenant,

contract

26. aristocratic—(арьс тохироодох) adj. язгуурт, язгууртны, сурвалжтаны

The forming of a parliament was a replacement for the much despised aristocratic rule
of the past.

Related: of the noble class, of the ruling class

27. martial—(маршалл) adj. цэргийн дайны, цэргийн, дайнч

The sound of martial music is always inspiring.

Related: of or pertaining to war; befitting a warrior; military,

warlike

28. impose—(ийм бөөс) v. 1. ногдуулах, оногдуулах, хууран мэхлэх 2. тулгах 3.

хуурах 4. гүнзгий сэтгэгдэл төрүүлэх
Indeed, criticism of the rich, powerful and/or successful is almost considered a national
duty. Australians recent those in power imposing their will upon the general public.

Related: require, compel, force upon; enforce, institute; force

oneself on others

29. utopia—(утопи) n. үл гүйцэлдэх үзэл. Utopian. үл гүйцэлдэх үзэлтэн

Related: place or state of ideal perfection; idealistic scheme for

political or social perfection

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30. destruction—(дэс дарааг шинэ) n. эвдрэл, сүйрэл, хоосрол, үгүйрэл

However, Australia is certainly no utopia. One of the more negative consequences of
the country’s disdain for the successful is known as the “tall poppy syndrome”—as soon
as someone excels at anything, thus becoming a tall poppy, the shorter poppies
immediately set about cutting them down. This often results in the destruction of
ambition and potential.

Related: ruin, desolation, annihilation

31. tribesman—(тарвас минь) n. 1. омгийн гишүүн 2. нэг нутгийн хүн, төрөл садан,
хамаатан
Control over the wealth generated from logical agriculture was handed over to the chief
tribesman.

Related: member of a clan

ART-ENTERTAINMENT-SPORT-LEISURE
1. scenic—(C1)/TV/ adj. тайзны, театрын, байгалийн үзэмж
Salles films this in a documentary style that captures both the intense internal conflicts
and the scenic grandeur of Latin America.

Related: dramatic, beautiful, histrionic, scenical, theatrical

2. folksong—(болохсон) n. ардын дуу

Traditional entertainment such as folksongs has been popular around the world since
ancient times.

Related: song originating from and passed down by the common

people of a country or region

3. justfiable—(just байвал) adj. зөв өгч болох, зөвшөөрч болох, уучилж болох,
цагаатгаж/зөвтгөж болох, хууль ёсны
Dropping the worst player on the soccer team was justifiable.

Related: capable of being justified, defensible, able to be proved

right or just

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4. artistic—(ар тестийг) adj. уран, жүжигчний, уран сайхны

Only a handful of painters have shown true artistic talent in their artwork.

Related: aesthetic, meeting the standards of art

5. architecture—(архитектор) n. 1. уран барилга, уран барилгын хэв маяг,

барилгын уран хийц, загвар 2. бүтэц, барилга байгууламж
This particular church is a perfect example of eighteent century architecture.

Related: science of designing and building structures; layout,

formation, arrangement; building style or method

6. masterpiece—(мастер биш) n. урлагийн шилдэг бүтээл, дээж, урлагийн

гайхамшигт бүтээл, шилдэг зүйл
The “Mona Lisa” is Leonardo da Vinci’s most popular masterpiece.

Related: person's best piece of work, highly skilled work,

extraordinary work of art

7. fiction—(бэх шинэ) n. 1 .уран зохиол, хүүрнэсэн уран зохиол, үргэлжилсэн

угийн зохиол, роман, өгүүллэг 2. зохиох, зохиомж, санаа
Fiction such as The Lord of the Rings has amazing creatures and warriors.

Related: imaginative narrative which has no basis in fact (i.e.

novel); category of literature including works of imaginative
narratives, made-up story, act of creating with the imagination

8. poetry—(Бооёо three) n. 1. яруу найраг 2. яруу тансаг зүйл 3. яруу тансаг байдал
Poetry about love has been used by people throughout history to convey their feelings.

Related: form of literature written in a rhythmical style; verse,

literature written in a metrical style

9. historian—(хийстэр нь) n. түүхч

Many historians have played an important role in detailing the demise of Nazy
Germany.

Related: one who studies history; one who has written a work of
history

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10. visual—(би жил) adj. 1. харагдах, үзэгдэх, харж таних харах n. 2. ой тогтоолт
сайтай хүн дүрслэл 3. гэрэл зураг, кино, дүрс бичлэг
I have a strong visual memory of the horrific war movie.

Related: relating to or used in vision; seen; optic

11. critic—(Хэрэйдийг) n. шүүмжлэгч

The movie critic wrote a great review of last night’s film.

Related: person who reviews the quality and content (of books,
plays, etc.)

12. layout—(элээ аавд, илүү аавд) n. 1. үзэсгэлэн, үзүүлэн, байршил, төлөвлөлт,

зохиомж, ажлын зохион байгуулалтын схем, программ, зураг төсөл 2. тоног
төхөөрөмжийн төлөвлөлт, байршилт
The coach gave a brief description of the layout of the course.

Related: arrangement, plan; act of laying or spreading out; sketch,

plan, drawing

13. vividness—(ви биднээс) n. 1. хурц тод байдал 2. тод томруун сэтгэгдэл

The story of the boys’ hardship was told with remarkable vividness through the movie.

Related: brightness; distinctness; quality of being graphic; liveliness

14. episode—(эвий Сод) n. тохиолдол, хэрэг явдал

Training for the 2004 Olympics was one of the most difficult episodes of the sportstar’s
career.
Related: event, occurrence

15. calligraphy—( каллиграф) n. цэвэр бичлэг, гоё бичих

Many Chinese practice calligraphy in their spare time.

Related: art of producing beautiful or elegant handwriting,

penmanship

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16. leisure—(илүү шүүр) n. зав чөлөө, чөлөөт цаг

The younger generation prefers to have more leisure time to enjoy life than to work
long hours.

Related: time free from work or other demands and duties, free
time; rest; recreation

17. musical— (мюзикл) adj. хөгжмийн, хөгжимтэй, уянгалаг

Visitors to New York often venture to Broadway to take in a musical.

Related: stage production incorporating music and dancing

18. sitcom—(сэд ком) n. яриа. инээдтэй байдал

I watch sitcoms to help myself unwind after a long day at the office.

Related: situation comedy, comedy program based on everyday

experiences

19. immerse—(иймээс) v. 1. живүүлэх 2. сонирхол татах, эзэмдэх 3. орооцолдох,

баригдах
The doctoral student immersed himself in his studies in order to obtain his Ph.D.degree
within three years.

Related: submerge, cover with liquid; baptize by submersion in

water; engross, absorb

20. hiking—(Hi King) n. явган аялал, явганаар аялах

Many people in Taiwan enjoy hiking since Taiwan possesses many spectacular mountain
ranges.

Related: walking, journeying on foot; making higher

21. parachute—(бараа шүт) n. парашют, шүхэр v. шүхрээр буух

I often wonder why commercial airlines equip their planes with life jackets but not with
parachutes.

Related: n. cloth dome-shaped device used for descent from

airplanes v. jump from an airplane with a parachute

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TOEFL Vocabulary

22. weightlifting—(wait lift-ээ) n. хүндийн өргөлт, туухай өргөлт.

After the accident, he took up weightlifting to help him regain his strength.

Related: lifting of heavy weights for exercise or in athletic

competition

23. hilarious—(хялар үс) adj. хөгжилтэй, хөгжөөнтэй, инээдтэй, дуу хөөртөй

The characters in my favorite sitcom are so hilarious that each time I watch them I laugh
my head off.
Related: merry, jolly, cheerful; very funny, amusing

24. symphony—( симфони) n. 1. симфони, симфоник, яруу хөгжим 2. шүтэлцээ,

зохицолдоо
I finally got tickets to go and see the symphony perform Wagner.

Related: harmonious arrangement of sounds or other elements

25. handicraft—(ханьд гараад) n. гар урлал, гар ажил, adj. гар хийцийн эд
I like to buy the local handicrafts when I go and visit another country.

Related: art of creating things by hand

26. masterful—(мастер пүүл) adj. эзэрхэг, ноёрхог, уран чадамгай, захирангуй,
тушаангуй, эрх мэдэлтэй
The conductor was masterful in his performance with the national orchestra.

Related: in command, dominant; given to mastering; skilled (about

a person)

27. hearten—(хайрт нь, хортон) v. Зоригжуулах, зориг оруулах, зоригжих, урамших

The player’s hopes were heartened after scoring the equalizer.

Related: comfort; encourage; cheer

28. epic—(эпик) n. тууль, туулийн, туульс, туульсын, баатарлаг туульс
I’m in the mood to watch a good epic with lots of action and history.

Related: long narrative poem; composition which resembles an epic;

epic poetry

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29. saga—(цагаа) n. үлгэр, домог, тууль

The long history about the adventures and misfortunes of the family’s life was a boring
saga.

Related: legend, tale of heroic adventures

30. scenario—(c нараа) n. 1. кино зохиол, тайзны зохиол 2. жүжгийн зохиолын

үзэгдэл
A good football coach prepares his/her players for every possible scenario.

Related: script, storyline, synopsis of a plot

31. mythology—(мэдээ олжий) n. үлгэр домгийн судлал, домог зүй
Ancient Greek mythology tells stories of powerful gods and godnesses.

Related: study of myths and legends

32. narrative—(Нара тив, нарруу тив) n. өгүүллэг, тууж, хүүрнэл, зохиол
The novel told a descriptive narrative of the hero’s final journey.

Related: plot, story; literary work that tells a story, tale

33. angling—(Английн) n. загас барих, дэгээдэх
There are many angling programmes on TV which show you the best fishing spots and
tips on how to make a catch.

Related: fishing with hook and line

34. ceramic—(сэр аймаг) n. шавар, вааран, шавар вааран
She took up ceramics so she could leatn how to make teacups to give to her friends for
Christmas.

Related: of or pertaining to ceramics (clay or porcelain objects)

35. mountaineering—(мантуу нарийн) n. уулын спорт

Mountaineering is more strenuous than hiking as mountaineers normally scale high
peaks.

Related: sport of mountain climbing

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36. gusto—(гостуу) n. хүсэл, сонирхол, дур хүсэл, таашаал, тааламж

I am usually not a big eater, but after playing football I eat with a lot of gusto.

Related: enthusiasm, great enjoyment, zest; personal preference or

taste

37. rapt—(Арабд/Rav-д—машин) adj. бахдал болсон, сонирхсон, автагдсан

The audience was listening with rapt attention to the world-renowned pianist.
Related: engrossed, absorbed; fascinated, charmed, enchanted

38. bent—(бинт, band) n. 1. авъяас, дур сонирхол. хүсэл эрмэлзэл, дуртай зүйл 2.
дур сонирхолтой, дурладаг, ямар нэг зүйл хийхээр шийдсэн
My son oddly has a bent for fixing car engines despite the fact that he has never showed
any aptitude for anything else mechanical.

Related: inclination, tendency, partiality, fondness, inclined;

crooked; bowed; corrupt

BUSINESS-FINANCE
1. resign—(эрзээн) v. 1. татгалзах, болих, огцрох 2. эвлэрэх, буулт хийх 3.
шилжүүлэх, шилжүүлэн өгөх
The vice president was pressured to resign after it became public that he had been
involved in a corruption scandal.

Related: quit an office or position; relinquish, give up, abdicate;

submit to, quietly accept

2. firm—(фирм) n. пүүс, худалдааны төв, байгууллага adj. бат, хөдөлшгүй,

тогтмол, байнгын, хувиршгүй
If you graduate from the top ten percent of Harvard law School, you will have your pick
of law firms to work at.

Related: company, commercial business, corporation, strong, solid;

stable

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3. candidate—(ханд идээд) n. кандидат, орлогч, нэр дэвшигч

Candidates for the new position of Marketing Manager will have to endure rigorous
testing and a series of interviews before a decision will be made on whom to appoint.

Related: applicant, nominee

4. designation—(тэсэхнээ шөнө ) n. тодорхойлолт, тэмдэг, тэмдэглэгээ, нэр, албан

тушаалд томилох
The designation of a new General Manager pleased many of the staff who could not
tolerate the last GM’s authoritarian management style.

Related: title, descriptive name; nomination, appointment

5. creditor—(кредитээр) n. зээл олгогч, зээлдэгч

You’d better be careful and make the house mortgage repayment on time, otherwise
you will have creditors chasing after you!

Related: lender, loaner, moneylender

6. debtor—(дэвтэр) n. өртөн, өртэй хүн, төлбөр төлөгч этгээд

The bank uses the money that it receives from its investors to issue loans and increases
the number of debtors.

Related: one who owes money, one who is obliged to another;

company that owes money

7. shareholder—(шар халтар) n. хувьцаа эзэмшигч, хувь нийлүүлэгч

If you had been smart, you would have become a shareholder of Yahoo stock when the
company first floated!

Related: owner of a share or shares, stockholder

8. advertising—(эвэр та 9ийн) n. зар сурталчилгаа, реклам

I know that our advertising expenses are high, but if we do not promote this product,
nobody will buy it.

Related: act or activity of marketing and promotion

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9. commercial—(коммоор шил) n. радио, телевизийн зарлал сурталчилгаа, зар

сурталчилгааны нэвтрүүлэг
The commercials during the Olympics are all very interesting, but it must cost those
companies a lot to air them.

Related: television or radio advertisement

10. franchise—( French ээс) n. 1. сонгууль өгөх эрх. 2. худалдаа хийх, үйлчилгээ
явуулах зөвшөөрөл. 3. засгийн газар болон хаанаас олгосон онцгой эрх,
хөнгөлөлт, илүү эрх
Our company would grow a lot if we franchised. However, we would have less control
over each store.

Related: right to vote , business which has been granted such a

license, special privilege granted by a government

11. retail—(иртэй л) n. жижиглэнгийн худалдаа, жижиглэнгийн худалдаа эрхлэгч,

v. жижиглэн худалдах
That company’s products are retailing well, but if they don’t introduce any new
products, they will soon fall behind the competition.

Related: sale of products to final consumers, of the sale of

merchandise to end users

12. prestige—(Перс тайж) n. нэр алдар, нэр төр, алдар нэр, нэр хүнд
Sotheby’s ability to get famous pieces of artwork to sell is based on its company’s
prestige as an auction house.

Related: reputation for being high quality, good standing within

public opinion; good reputation

13. distribution—(this three буу шинэ) n. 1. хуваарилалт, хуваалт, тараалт, түгээлт 2.

тархалт, дэлгэрэлт 3. цацалт, тараалт
The distribution channels for my company’s products include small shops as well as
department store.

Related: act of distributing or portioning something out; particular

group to which something is distributed

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14. wholesale—(хуул сал) n. бөөний худалдаа бөөний, их хэмжээний v. бөөний

худалдаа эрхлэх
You should consider buying your computer wholesale, as it is much cheaper that way.

Related: n. sale of goods to retailers in mass quantities v. buy or sell

in large quantities at a reduced price

15. consume—(хоносон юм) v. хэрэглэх, эдлэх, зарцуулах, үрэх, тараах

If you want to get more knowledge, you should consume your money to buy books.

Related: eat or drink; destroy; use up

16. combat—(Гамбаад, компот) n. тулаан, байлдаан, зөрчилдөөн, сөргөлдөөн,

тэмцэл, v. байлдах, тулалдах, тэмцэх, тэмцэл явуулах
The manager held a meeting with heads of departments to decide on what action could
combat the widespread pilfering from their company.

Related: fight, struggle; military conflict

17. boost—(бүсд) n. дэмжлэг, түшиг, тулгуур, өсөлт, тус, дэм

The opening of the production plant and the construction of the motorway will provide
a major boost to the economy of the region.

Related: push, shove; raising, lift; incentive, encouragement

18. monetary—(монетаараа) adj. санх. мөнгөний, мөнгөтэй холбогдох, валютын
The International Monetary Fund is coming under increasing attackfor its policies and
their possible harmful effects on poor countries.

Related: pertaining to money, fiscal

19. bankrupt—(банк Арабд) n. дампуурал v. дампуурах

Reducing the number of restrictions that are automatically imposed on undischarged
bankrupts.

Related: impoverished, poor, impecunious, penniless, poverty-

stricken

20. possessions—(поозоо шинэ) n. эд хогшил, эзэмшил, хөрөнгө, өмч

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Advertising companies just want to convince you that the more possessions you have,
the happier you will become.

Related: personal property; wealth

21. wealthy—(ивээлдий) adj. баялаг, баян чинээлэг, хөрөнгөтэй, элбэг хангалуун

Oil profits from oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran rend to make
only a certain few businessmen wealthy rather than improve the wealth of the entire
country.

Related: rich; affluent; abundant

22. tycoon—(та Үүкүүн, таяггүй н) n. том хөрөнгөтөн, асар нөлөөтэй баян хүн,
бизнесийн том гар
Donald Trump is perhaps the most famous real estate tycoon especially since the debut
of his show “The Apprentice”.

Related: businessman of great wealth and power

23. lender—(элээндээр) n. зээлдэгч, зээлдүүлэгч, мөнгө хүүлэгч

The lender of my college loans is my school’s credit union.

Related: one who lends, one who loans

24. swap—( Swap) n. солио, солилцоо, хэлцэл v. солих, солигдох, солилцох,

наймаалцах, хэлцэл хийх
Unfortunately I cannot give you cash for this return, but I can swap it with a product of
equal or lesser value.
Related: n. exchange, trade v. exchange one thing for another

25. currency—(хар нь с) n. 1. валют, эргэлт, мөнгө, мөнгөний гүйлгээ, 2. хэрэглэгдэх

байдал
Because of the differences in the value of currency, goods in Europe are more expensive
than in the United States.

Related: money; circulation; custom, prevalence

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26. stampede—(west Амбийд) v. сандран зугтах, айж зугтах, n. сүргийн айдас,

гэнэтийн хуйлрал, хошуурал
Every time McDonald’s offers a new toy with their Happy Meals, there is a stampede of
mums taking their kids to the nearest store.
Related: cause to rush headlong in panic, rush, charge, flight

27. commodity—(ком мод идий) n. хэрэглээний зүйл, бараа, таваар, бараа

бүтээгдэхүүн
Thailand is trying to boost its agricultural commodities that it has available for export.

Related: merchandise, goods, item that is bought and sold

28. arrears—(арын арьс) n. өр, төлбөр, төлөх ёстой мөнгө.

Their account had been in arrears ever since they bought their new house.

Related: overdue payments, unpaid debts

29. indebted—(энэ дэвтээд) adj. 1. өртэй, өр тавьсан 2.талархах ёстой

The fast food chain was heavily indepted after the expansion into Asia did not go as
planned.
Related: obligated to repay a monetary debt

30. overdraft—(өвөр дараад) n. банкны зээл, зээлийн хэтрүүлэлт

My bank account was overdrawn by an amount of $245. Because the overdraft was so
large, I had to pay an additional fee to the bank.

Related: limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank on

credit

31. overdue—(овордуу) adj. хожимдсон, хугацаа хэтэрсэн хойшлогдсон, хэт

хэтэрсэн
My electricity bill payment is two weeks overdue.

Related: late, tardy; payable, due; past due

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32. solvent—(соль бинт) adj. төлбөрийн чадвартай, зээлийн чадвартай

The products that keep our business solvent are our best-selling Christmas ornaments.

Related: able to pay all debts

33. outlay—(аавд элээ) n. зардал, шимтгэл, төсөв v. зарах, үрэх

The aspiring entrepreneuers abandoned the new business plan as the large outlays
involved made it too risky.

Related: monetary expenditure; act of spending (money or resources),

expend money

34. sublet—(савлаад) v. түрээслүүлэх, түрээслэх, зээлээр өгөх

I’m looking for somebody to sublet my apartment while I’m in London this summer
vacation.

Related: rent to another person property that one is currently leasing

from someone else

35. coupon—( купон) n. 1. тасалбар, талон, бондын хүүгийн төлбөр (жил, хагас
жилийн), купон 2. захиалгын хуудас, уралдаан тэмцээнд оролцох мэдүүлэг
I know that I would be able to save a lot of money at the grocery store if I clipped
coupons, but I find that too time-consuming.

Related: printed form that entitles the bearer to certain rights (as in a
discount)

36. discharge—(тийз шарж) v. 1. гарах, халагдах. 2. үүрэг биелүүлэх. 3. өр төлөх

After she was discharged from the hospital, she went directly to her grandparents’
house to recover.

Related: release, dismiss, eject, unload goods

37. acumen—(IQ man, ай хүү минь) n. 1. гүйлгээ ухаан, ов мэх, овсгоо, цог хийморь
2. хурц үзүүр

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Because of his acumen, we were able to avoid following through with a plan that would
have been disastrous for our company.

Related: shrewdness, discernment, astuteness

38. counteract—(contor ахад, хаан дээр агт) v. эсэргүүцэх, сөрөг үйлдэл хийх, саад
хийх, саад тотгор учруулах, саармагжуулах
The only way to counteract the negative effects of the recent economies downturn is to
lower our prices.

Related: work against, cancel out, negate

39. ability—( аав л идий, авбал идий) n. авьяас чадвар, чадвар, чансаа, боломж,
хүчин чадал, эрх мэдэл
He is ability to do fix a car due to his work on engine factory.

Related: power, capacity, capability; skill, talent, aptitude, mental

skill or physical power of a person to do something

40. token—(тог нь) n. 1. бэлэг, дурсгал, бэлэг тэмдэг, билэг дэмбэрэл болох 2. шинж
тэмдэг 3. зөвшөөрөл, тасалбар
As a token of our appreciation, please accept this present for all your hard work.
Related: symbol, sign, mark; remembrance, memento, keepsake

41. practitioner—(бараг тийшээ нар) n. хувиараа ажилладаг эмч, хувиараа

ажилладаг хуульч, дадал зуршилтай хүн
GP is short for general practitioner. In countries like Australia you need to get a referral
from one if you want to see a specialist.
Related: professional, one who works in a profession or career (such
as medicine or law)

42. white-collar—(white color) adj. албан тасалгааны, бичиг хэргийн, конторын

White-collar work may be less physically tiring than blue-collar work, but it tends to be
more stressful.

Related: those having professions free of hard labor, office and

professional workers, managerial and clerical apparatus

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43. blue-collar—(blue color) n. хөх захтан, үйлдвэрийн ажилчин

A hundred years ago a blue-collar job would have been sufficient to provide for the
entire family. These days it’s becoming increasingly more difficult.

Related: word used to describe lower-level jobs (such as miners,

construction workers, etc.)

44. amenable—(Амина байвал) adj. үгэнд оромтгой, гарын дор, үгэнд оромтгой,
дуулгавартай, хариуцлагатай
if you are not amenable to complete this project, I will have to find somebody else to
replace you.
Related: agreeable, responsive, tractable; accountable, responsible;
open to criticism or examination

45. upkeep—(аав хийв) n. засвар үйлчилгээ, засварын хөлс

The household’s upkeep costs increased after the birth of their first child.

Related: maintenance, preservation, subsistence; general expenses for

maintenance

WORK
1. promotion—(Бурмаа шинэ) n. дэмжилт, тэтгэвэр, дэвшилт, v. тушаал дэвших,
хэргэм цол ахих, тусламж, дэмжлэг, анги дэвших
It’s becoming increasingly important to have at least a Master’s Degree in order to gain
a promotion in a company.

Related: advancement, furthering, encouragement; initiative,

enterprise; aid, assistance

2. probation—(бороо Бээжин) n. шалгалт, туршилт, туршилтын, сорилтын

хугацаа
The first three months of your employment will be the probation period, during which
you will not be eligible for vacation leave.

Related: test period, trial period; attempt, trial

3. competition—(Комби/Гомбын тийшн) n. тэмцээн, уралдаан, өрсөлдөөн

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The competition from new companies entering the market has forced our company to
cut costs.
Related: rivalry, act of competing against another; contest

4. workaholic—(бүрэг хойлог) n. ажлын хэнхэгтэй хүн, хөдөлмөрч хүн, уйгагүй

ажилладаг хүн
She is such a workaholic. If she had a bed in her office, I’m sure she’d live there.

Related: one who is addicted to his job, one who works too much
(Slang)

5. incentive—(энэ сайн тив) adj. өдөөсөн, зоригжуулсан n. өдөөгч шалтгаан, түлхэц

урамшуулал, түлхэх хүч
The new position opening in the marketing department has been my incentive to work
so hard.

Related: stimulus, inducement, enticement, encouragement,

provocative, inciting

6. demanding—(тэмээнд нь, дэмэнд нь) adj. шаардсан, шаардлагатай, шаардлага

тавьдаг
If only this job were less demanding, I would be able to spend more time with my
family.

Related: insistently requesting, claiming in an authoritative manner;

tiring, taxing, challenging

7. manufacturing—(MANU баг ч ер нь) n. боловсруулах аж үйлдвэр, боловсруулалт,

үйлдвэрлэл
More and more manufacturing jobs are moving from developed countries to developing
countries.
Related: production of goods on a large scale

8. contribution—(counter—ийн буу шинэ) n. тус, хандив, хувь нэмэр

This presentation would not have been possible without the contributions from my
fellow coworkers.

Related: act of donating; donation, something donated, something

given

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9. potential—(бүтэн шил) n. чадамж, чадавхи, бололцоо, боломж, чадамж бүхий,

adj. чадвартай, хүчин чадалтай
Even though this employee is young, I believe he has the potential to become a
manager in this company.

Related: possibility; ability; capability of being; possible energy,

possible, capable of becoming, able to be

10. consumer—(хонoсон юмаар) n. 1. хэрэглэгч 2. үйлчлүүэгч худалдан авагч,

захиалагч
The government is hoping that consumer spending will increase if they lower interest
rates.

Related: buyer; someone or something which consumes

11. retailer—(эрт айлаар, эрт илэр) n. жижиглэн худалдаачин, үүргийн худалдаачин

The biggest clothing retailer has stores not only in our city, but also throughout the
country.

Related: person or business that sells goods to final consumers

12. involve—(энэ болов) v. 1. холбогдох, хамаатай/ холбоотой байх. 2. татан

оруулах, хамруулах, оролцуулах.
She’s been involved with the Unions for many years, much to the dissatisfaction of her
employer.

Related: cause to be concerned with, cause to be connected with

13. night shift—(night shift)/com button/шөнийн ээлж

I have no idea why anyone would want to work the night shift if the pay is no higher
than the day shift.
Related: group of workers that work through the night

14. dismiss—(this мисс) v. тараах, буулгах, болиулах, тарах, тавих, ажлаас

чөлөөлөх, зайлуулах, орхих, арилгах
I was dismissed from this task force as I no longer had the time to fulfil my duties
properly.
Related: send away; fire; release, free

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15. warehouse—(авирхаас) n. бараа агуулах газар

Our in-store inventory is getting low. We’ll have to get some more boxes from the
warehouse.

Related: storehouse for goods

16. expand—(x баанд, х band) v. 1. өргөжүүлэх, хөгжүүлэх, дэлгэрүүлэх 2. ихэсгэх,

томруулах, өргөсгөх, өргөжих
The Mongolian have to earn more money before its consumer market can expand.

Related: spread out, grow larger; broaden

17. thriving—(тараа бин, driving) adj. цэцэглэн хөгжиж байгаа, дэлгэрч байгаа
New college graduates are able to easily find jobs because the economy is thriving

Related: succeeding, prospering

18. tax cut—(такс хад) татвар бууруулах

Tax cuts are such a complicated issue because everyone wants to pay less
taxes.Moreover, if we pay less taxes, we get fewer services from the government.

Related: the act of reducing taxation

19. turnover—(төр нь өвөр) n. эргэлт, гүйлгээ, барааны эргэлт

The company turnover has been on the decrease for almost a year now and as a result
workers may be made redundant or have their salaries cut.

Related: total business done, rate of selling or producing

20. recession—(ирисээ шинэ) n. эдийн засгийн уналт, уналт, багасалт

Some countries never fully recovered from the recession experienced in the days of the
Asian Financial Crisis.

Related: slow economy, ebb, decline; withdrawal, act of receding

21. dramatically—(драма тэглий) adv. 1. жүжиглэн 2. театрын маягаар, хиймэл 3.

хурц, тод, илэрхий, сэтгэл хөдөлгөхөөр, анхаарал татмаар

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Our revenues from our mobile phone product lines increased dramatically after we
entered the Mongolian market.

Related: in a dramatic manner, in a theatrical manner

22. loss—(олс) n. гарз, хохирол, алдагдал

The retirement of their CEO was a major loss for that company.

Related: act or instance of losing; failure to keep; deprivation, defeat;

destruction

23. compensation—(Гомбоо сайшаан) n. нөхөн төлбөр, хохирлыг барагдуулалт

The amount of compensation that companies are giving to customers who sue them is
getting less and less.

Related: recompense, repayment; something done to make up for (a loss,

deficiency or fault)

24. recruiter—(эрэгрүү тэр) n. 1. элсүүлэгч, ажилд авагч 2. цэрэгт татагч

Our recruiters are trained to not only consider an applicant’s academic and professional
record, but also certain “personality” traits such as confidence and work ethic.

Related: one who drafts or enlists new members (esp. into the armed
forces); one who obtains, procurer

25. internship—(энэ дээр нь шив) n. тодорхой хязгаарлалтаар оруулах байр

The internship I completed in my junior year of college was a very valuable learning
experience.

Related: specialized training program which gives the trainee hands-on

experience (especially in the field of medicine)

26. layoff—(элээ аав) n. зогсолт, үйлдвэрлэлийг хаах, халах

After the most recent round of layoffs, our labour costs have stabilized.

Related: act of discharging workers (especially temporarily); period

when one is not employed, period of forced inactivity

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27. retain—(иртэй нь) v. хадгалах, авч үлдэх, хэвээр нь байлгах

They are trying to retain as many employees after the merger as possible.

Related: keep in possession, hold

28. insufficient—(энэ саа пийшинд) adj. хангалтгүй, дутагдалтай, бүрэн бус,

нийцэхгүй, тохирохгүй
The work that you are putting into this project is insufficient. You will need to cut your
responsibilities in other areas so that you can pay more attention to this project.
Related: inadequate, deficient, lacking

29. increment—(энхрий миндээ) n. өсөлт, ашиг, орлого, цалингийн нэмэгдэл

By law, employers must give their staff annual pay increments.

Related: increase, addition; growth; gain, profit

30. rescind—(ирисэнд) v. хүчингүй болгох, цуцлах

We must rescind this policy as it is causing much dissatisfaction among our employees.

Related: cancel, void, annul, revoke, repeal; remove, take away

31. readjust—(ирээд just)/жүүс/ v. өөрчлөх, дахин засах, эмх цэгцэд оруулах,

өөрчлөн тохируулах, тааруулах
Company’s workers expressed displeasure about rates of salary. Therefore, employers
should readjust this issue.

Related: adjust anew, remodify, readapt; reevaluate an insurance claim

32. contend—(хонь тэнд) v. тэмцэх, тэмцэлдэх, уралдах, өрсөлдөх

Mr. Johnson is contending with her for first place.

Related: compete; struggle, strive

33. abolition—(аав бол ийшн, овоол ийшн) n. цуцлалт, хүчингүй болголт, өөрчлөлт,
татан буулгалт, устгалт

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We made some abolition on our plan because of our foundation’s financial situation is
extremely decayed in recent years.

Related: cancellation, annulment, act of ending

34. certain—(сийртэй н) adj. 1. тодорхой, өөрчлөгддөггүй, тогтмол 2. итгэлтэй,

найдвартай, үнэнч 3. алдаа мадаггүй, яг таг, зөв зүйтэй
Business is business. You have to be certain about your work.

Related: sure, definite; particular, specific

35. direction—(дарга шинэ) n. заавар, зүг чиг, тогтоол, журам, удирдлага, захирамж
All employees work under the direction of director and employers.

Related: bearing; guidance, supervision; conducting; management;

educating, instructing

36. reaction—(арагшина) n. 1. бирж дээрх ханшны өөрчлөлт, үнийн бууралт, 2.

харилцан үйлдэл 3. нөлөө, нөлөөлөл
This section provides information about reporting suspected adverse drug reactions for
healthcare professionals.

Related: action made in response to a stimulus; return to a previous

state, restoration of a past condition

MEDIA-COMMUNICATION

1. tabloid—(тавлаад) n. 1. чанар муутай сонин, гудамжны хэвлэл 2. шуугиан

дэгдээсэн сонин
The news of the famous couple’s wedding hit the tabloids the very next day.

Related: illustrated popular small-sized newspaper with terse,

sensational headlines

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2. paparazzo—(папарац) n. дуулиантай зураг авахын төлөө хөөцөлдөгч

сурвалжлагч
Photos taken by the paparazzo are always published in gossip magazines.

Related: freelance photographer who follows celebrities in order to

photograph them and sell the pictures to newspapers or magazines

3. periodical—(буриадыг л, бариад дэгл) n. тогтмол хугацааны сэтгүүл, тогтмол

хэвлэл
The science periodical keeps me up-to-date on advances every month.

Related: magazine, journal

4. invasion—(энэ байшин) n. халдлага, довтлого, халдан орох, дайрах, бусдын

эрхэнд халдах
The paparazzi are always an invasion of famous actor’s privacy.

Related: encroachment; intrusion, foray

5. journalist—(журналист) n. сурвалжлагч, сэтгүүлч

Journalists cover important events occurring all around the world.

Related: reporter, one who writes for a newspaper or magazine

6. libel—(лай бол) n. гүжирдсэн мэдэгдэл, хүний нэр төрийг гутаасан зуйл,

гүжирдлэг, гүтгэлт
The UK has some of the strictest libel action in the world.

Related: published material which slanders or maliciously defames

7. accusation—( IQ цаашина) n. буруушаал, зэмлэл, цээрлэл, ял тулгалт, яллалт

Serious accusations were made against the media, namely the paparazzi, as they were
seen to be a major contributing factor in the death of Princess Diana

Related: act of accusing, placing of blame; charge of an offense

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8. documentary—(Document дээрээ)/in com/ n. баримтат, баримтат кино

Nature documentaries are filmed in jungles all over Africa.

Related: informational film or television program based on actual events

9. correspondence—(хорс бөөн дээнс) n. захидал бичиг, захидал, харилцаа

Personal correspondence in the form of letters was popular for soldiers in the war.

Related: letters, exchange of letters

10. headline—(хэд л айна) n. сонины гарчиг, эхний нүүр

The newspaper headline told the world of the president’s death.

Related: title, large type at the beginning of an article

11. broadcast—(бариад касд) n. радио v. телевизээр нэвтрүүлэх, өргөн мэдээлэх

Important national news stories are often broadcast worldwide.

Related: transmit by radio or television, make widely known

12. critic—(Хэрэйдийг) n. шүүмжлэгч

The critic from the New York Times wrote a favourable review of the play.

Related: one who passes judgement

13. satellite—(сааттал аяд) n. хиймэл дагуул

Satellites now enable the world to watch the news as it happens.

Related: man-made projectile orbiting planet

14. commentator—(хөөмийн театр) n. 1. тайлбарлагч 2. радио, телевизийн тоймч

While reporting the soccer final, the sports commentator got overexcited.

Related: author, reporter, speaker of commentary

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15. dispute—(this буу тээ) n. арцалдаан, маргалдаан, маргаантай асуудал,

хэлэлцүүлэг
After the successful meeting, the dispute was resolved.

Related: quarrel, disagreement, argument

16. acquaint—(аа Үүкүүнд) v. мэдэгдэх, мэдээлэх,танилцуулах

Life will be much easier for you in this country once you acquint yourself with the “laws
of the land”.

Related: make familiar, introduce someone

17. premise—(ферм-ээс) n. таамаглал, оршил, бичиг баримтын оршил хэсэг

There is no use arguing against you because even the premise of your argument is faulty.

Related: basic assumption, state by way of introduction

18. newsprint—(news брэнд) n. сонины цаас

Newspapers have used newsprint to print the news on for many years.

Related: paper of the kind used for newspapers

19. newsstand—(news танд) n. сонины мухлаг

Every day I like to buy the newspaper from the local newsstand.

Related: newspaper vending stand

20. medium—(мэд юм) n. хэрэгсэл, сурталчилгааны арга хэрэгсэл

Television is the most popular medium to receive the daily news around the world.

Related: channel of communication, agency of communicating news

21. mass media—(масс Мээдээ) n. олон нийтийн мэдээллийн хэрэгсэл

News of the destruction in Iraq hit the mass media around the world.

Related: form of communication that reaches large numbers of people

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22. circulation—(чиргүүлээ ийшн) n. 1. дамжуулалт (мэдээллийн), түгээлт, тараалт

(хэвлэлийн) хэвлэсэн тоо 2. ширхэг цусны эргэлт
The circulation of the magazine was withdrawn due to its explicit content.

Related: moving around; distribution; movement of blood within the

body

23. newsreel—(news ирээл) n. кино мэдээ, кино сэтгүүл

Newsreel footage of the final stages of World War II has now been transferred to colour.

Related: cinema or television film giving information

24. squabble—(эсгүй бол, эсхүл) v. хэрэлдэх, муудалцах

The family continually squabbled over who would clean the dishes every night.

Related: quarrel, bicker over something of little value

25. pent-up—(Бинт ав) adj. гутсан, уруу царайлсан, цээжинд хурсан

The punching bag allowed him to release pent-up aggression.

Related: energy, feelings, frustration

26. paradox—(парадокс) n. гаж буруу хачин санал, санамсаргүй үзэгдэл, логик

зөрчилдөөн
It’s a paradox that the media fabricate stories when their aim should be to learn the truth.

Related: statement that seems absurd or self-contradictory but may be

true

27. expound—(х фаунд) v. дэлгэрэнгүй илэрхийлэх, тайлбарлах, ойлгуулах,

нарийвчлан тайлах
The more the professor expounded upon the theory, the more the students became
confused.

Related: explain; describe in detail; comment

28. wheedle—(бид л) v. бялдуучлах, зусардах, бялдуучлан хуурч авах, долигонох

I had to wheedle the information out of him.

Related: coax, cajole

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29. slander—(S ланд аар)/машин/ v. гүтгэх, гүжирдэх, гөрдөх, нэр төрийг гутаах
After Barry’s name was slandered in the press, he stood no chance of winning the
election.

Related: false or malicicious statement about person, utter such

statement

30. affable—(аав байвал, авиа бол) adj. эелдэг, ёсорхуу, сайхан зантай
At first I thought he was standoffish, but after getting to know him, I find him to be very
affable person.

Related: friendly, amiable; easy to talk to

31. promulgate—(бурам уулгаад, буруу мал гээд) v. олон нийтэд зарлах,

сонордуулах, дэлгэрүүлэх, түгээх, тараах
The ideas were soon promulgated by the chairman to everyone at the meeting.

Related: proclaim, declare; publicize, advertise widely; publish,

distribute widely

32. anecdotal—(аа нэг дота л) adj. алдарт хүмүүсийн амьдралын сонин явдлыг
харуулсан
Details of the criminal’s elaborate story were seen in court as only anecdotal evidence.

Related: pertaining to an anecdote (short narrative describing an

interesting or amusing incident)

33. commune—(хөмүний, хомууны) v. дотночлох, дотносох, ярилцах, хөөрөлдөх

I like to commune with nature, so I often go to the park early in the morning and take
walks.

Related: exchange thoughts and ideas, talk intimately

34. ignominy—(их номны) n. гутамшиг, ичгүүр, нэр гутах, бузар явдал, ичгүүртэй
явдал
He suffered great ignominy after news of his affairs was made public.

Related: disgrace, dishonor; contemptible behavior

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35. loquacious—(олоогүй шүүс) adj. 1. яриа, олон үгтэй 2. боргилсон, шуугисан

Her loquacious lawyer would spend hours talking to the media about her case.

Related: talkative, tending to talk too much; wordy

36. behalf—(би халав) n. нэрийн өмнөөс, төлөө, тусын тулд

Can you ask him a favour on my behalf?
.
Related: representing; support

37. density—(дээнс идий) n. нягт, нягтшил, нягтрал, нягт суурьшилт, бөөгнөрөл,

өтгөн байх, шигүү байх
Materials range from timber through high density foam to fluorescent color acrylics

Related: compactness, closeness

38. ordinary—(ордон нээрээ) adj. ердийн, байнгын, ерийн, энгийн, жирийн, хэвийн
We start out with the daily lives of a few seemingly ordinary people.

Related: regular, common

39. cluster—(галаас/халаас тэр) n. 1. баглаа, багц, бөөн, хэсэг, бүлэг v. 2. бөөнөөрөө

цугларах, хэсэг бүлгээрээ цугларах
Amphibians lay clusters of eggs in bushes in close proximity to ponds.

Related: n. group; bunch v. gather closely together crowd together

40. illusion—(илүү шинэ) n. хоосон юм, бүтэшгүй санаа, төөрөгдөл

Starting with the Retablo de maese Pedro, Cervantes demonstrates a mastery of theatrical
illusion which, absent from part one, becomes another narrative function in part two.

Related: delusion, false impression of reality; misconception, false idea

41. ideal—(аая дээл) n. хүслэн, туйлын зорилго adj. нэн тохиромжтой, яг таарсан,
үв тэгш

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Cervantes's work, a keen critique of the literature of his time, presented the clash between
reality and the ideals which Don Quixote sought to revive, and at the same time
originated the theme of the clairvoyance of insanity.

Related: a fervent hope, wish, or goal

EDUCATION-STUDY
1. literacy—(лаа/й тараасын) n. бичигт үсэгт тайлагдсан байдал
The government is seeking to increase the literacy rate from 93% to 95% in the next 5
years.

Related: ability to read and write; or to have proficiency in something

2. dissertation—(дэссэртээ шинэ) n. диссертация, эрдмийн зэрэг горилсон бүтээл

In order to compkete her PhD, she needs to submit her 100,000 word dissertation by
the end of the semester.

Related: a formal, lengthy exposition on a topic

3. undertake—(ан дээр тэг) v. 1. хийх, оролдох. 2. үүрэг хүлээх, амлалт авах

We had to undertake a major research project during our senior year.

Related: engage in, enter upon, bind oneself to perform, make oneself
responsible for

4. undergraduate—(ан дээр гражууд) n. төгсөх ангийн оюутан

The majority of students at universities are undergraduates.

Related: university student who has not yet received his first degree

5. postgraduate—(боссд гражууд) n. аспирант, дипломын дараах сургалтад

хамрагдагч
There are more job opportunities for postgraduate students than undergraduate
students.

Related: carried on after taking a first degree

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6. tutorial—(two Төрөө л) n. 1. давтлага, практик хичээл 2. хичээл семинар 3.

коллежид суралцах хугацаа 4. сурах бичиг
Tutorials are an essential component of teriary education.

Related: of or relating to a tutor or tuition, a period of individual tuition

given by a tutor

7. submit—(сав мэт) v. танилцуулах, шилжүүлэх, захирагдах, илэрхийлэх,

харуулах, өгөх, шилжүүлэх, хэлэлцүүлэгт өгөх, заах
They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.

Related: bring, deliver, present, offer, proffer, tender, send in, provide

8. discriminate—(дискээр манет) v. ялгах, салгах, ялгааг нь олох

A successful student needs to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant information.

Related: To draw a distinction

9. perspective—(бэрс/Перс багдав) n. хэтийн төлөв, алсын төлөв, хэтийн, хэтийн

байдал, ирээдүйн, алсыг харах
Although few occupations include "sociologist" in their title at the bachelor's level, the
sociological perspective is excellent preparation for a wide variety of occupations.

Related: that which is or can be seen; mental view of the relative

importance of things

10. inquisitive—(энэгүй сэдэв) adj. сонирхомтгой, мэдэхийг хүссэн, сониуч хүн

An inquisitive mind is a prerequisite for scientific advancement.

Related: questioning, eager for knowledge, curious; nosy, prying

11. radical—(радикал) n. polit. Радикал, радикал үзэлтэй, adj. үндсэн, гол, үндсэн
зарчим, math. язгуурын тэмдэг, язгуурт хамаарах, язгуурын
The current government is proposing radical changes to the education system.

Related: a person who favours extreme or fundamental change in

existing institutions or in political, foundation, origin, Maths a root of a
number or quantity, such as 3√5, √x

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12. precisely—(бэрээ цаазлы) adv. яг, нарийн, тодорхой

Precisely 22,355 students are enrolled at the University of Reading.

Related: exactly, accurately, correctly, definitely, strictly, certainly

13. pupil—(пап л) n. шавь, сурагч

The pupils in her painting class are all six to seven years old.
Related: A learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

14. acquisition—(IQ цаашн) n. амжилт, эзэмшил, эзэмших, олж авах, худалдан авах
The language acquisition rate of younger children is much faster than adults.

Related: purchase, accomplishment, acquirement, attainment,

achievement, get, absorb, acquire, obtain

15. diplomatic—(дипломатик) adj. дипломатын, эелдэг, найрсаг

Teachers need to be very diplomaticwhen dealing with the parents of the kids they
teach.

Related: relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

16. syllabus—(сийлбээс) n. товч тэмдэглэл, сургалтын хөтөлбөр, хичээлийн хуваарь

All of the information that you need to know for this course is on the syllabus.

Related: summary outline stating the main points of a curriculum (or

lecture, text, etc.)

17. methodology—(мэдээд олжий) n. арга зүй, аргачлал

The grammar translation methodology for teaching language is very outdated.

Related: technique, plan, way, attitude, method

18. scrutiny—(хэсэгрүү таны) n. нарийн нягт судалгаа/ шинжилгээ

The Education Department often comes under scrutiny for not always working in the
best interests of teachers.

Related: examination, review, inspection, investigation, search, inquiry,

research, analysis, study

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19. expertise—(х бэр тийз) n. тусгай мэдлэг, их мэдлэгтэй байх, мэргэшсэн байх
A Master’s Degree by research is beneficial in gaining expertise in a certain field.

Related: ability, expertness, capability, competence, competency

20. consultation—(консул тийшн) n. зөвлөлгөөн, хэлэлцүүлэг

Course consultation hours at our school are 9:00 am to 12:00 am.

Related: advice, conference, interview, negotiation, council

21. trend—(тэрэнд) n. чиглэл, явц, хандлага, зүглэл, ерөнхий чиглэл, чиг хандлага
The recent trend towards e-learning has created countless new opportunities for those
involved in education.

Related: tendency, direction, movement, path

22. discretion—(this гэрээ шинэ) n. үйл ажиллагааны эрх чөлөө, сонголт,

болгоомжтой хянуур байдал
Although there is a course outline, the final content of classes is left to the discretion of
the teachers as ultimately they know what their student’s weaknesses and needs are.

Related: choice, carefulness, cautiousness, caution, circumspection

23. cultivate—(гал тавиад) v. боловсронгуй болгох, хөгжүүлэх, дэлгэрүүлэх,

сэнхрүүлэх
The purpose of education is to not only learn things, but also cultivate in young learners
the ability to think for themselves.

Related: civilize, educate, grow, produce, refine, develop, domesticate,

improve, promote, raise

24. flunk—(пилонк) v. шалгалтад унах ,муу дүн тавих, унах

The reason I flunked that class was I was very sick that semester.

Related: fail, abandon, betray, break, die, forsake, go

25. mock—(маак, мөөг) v. дууриаж элэглэх, шоолох, доромжлох, тоглоом хийх

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It’s difficult to control those students who mock teachers.

Related: deride, jeer, flout, scoff, taunt, imitate, tease, gird, impersonate,
mimic, annoy, irritate, pester, vex

26. trimester—(three Mister) n. гурван сарын хугацаа

Their summer break starts very late because their school is on a trimester schedule.

Related: one of three terms an academic year, amount of time, period of

time, school term, time period.

27. dormitory—(доми до ри) n. оюутны байрсуух байр, нийтийн байр

In my freshman year I lived in a dormitory because it was the best way of meeting new
people.

Related: hall of residence, living quarters, student hostel, bunk room,

boarding house, school dormitory
28. homestay—(хумсдий) n. айлд хонох
When Lyn travelled to Mongolia she chose to live in a homestay with a Mongolian
family. Because of that, her Mongolian improved a lot.

Related: a visit in which you pay to stay in someone’s house rather than in a
hotel

29. trainee—(train-ий) n. дадлага хийгч, дадлагажигч

IBM recently hired twenty new recruits for their executive-trainee programme.

Related: One who is being trained, apprentice, learner, junior rotating intern,
military student

30. acquirement—(акурманд) n. 1. олж авах v. 2. мэдлэг, чадвар дадал

The acquirement of knowledge is a life-long pursuit.

Related: get, accept, acquire accomplishment, attainment, acquisition,

achievement, skill.

31. empirical—(эм бээрэг л) adj. туршилтын, туршилт дээр үндэслэгдсэн

Empirical evidence already available disproves his hypothesis.

Related: experiential, observational, pragmatic, practical

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32. grammar—(граммаар) n. хэл зүйн шинжлэх ухаан, хэлзүй, дүрэм

Almost all programming languages are based on context-free grammars

Related: descriptive linguistics, language rules, sentence structure

33. carryout—(Kerry aaвд) v. судалгаа туршилт хийх, гүйцээх, хэрэгжүүлэх,

биелүүлэх
Project managers should not carryout project work, managing a project is enough.

Related: transact, do, execute, perform, manage

34. aspire—(С.Баяр) v. зорих, эрмэлзэх, оролдох, тэмүүлэх

It will promote definitions of achievement to which all learners can realistically aspire,
and are relevant to them.

Related: crave, hope, soar, want, wish, propose, purport, take

LAW-CRIME
1. theft—(дэвт) n. xулгай
The number of thefts, from both businesses and private residences, has decreased over
the past five years.

Related: robbery, thieving, larceny, burglary, embezzlement, stealth.

2. counterfeit—(Каандаа бид) v. хуурамчаар үйлдэх, дуурайлгах, дуурайлган хийх,

хуурйах, мэхлэх
Because of new technology, bank notes are becoming harder and harder to counterfeit.

Related: feign, imitate, simulate, disguise, affect, assume, dissemble,

fabricate, mimic

3. jury—(журы-зуры) n. шүүгчдийн бүрэлдэхүүн

It will be up to the jury to decide whether she is innocent or guilty.

Related: board of Judges, control board, control panel

4. victim—(big team) n. золиос; хохирогч

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The victim in this murder case received multiple gunshot wounds to the head.

Related: sufferer, fall guy, injured party

5. offender—(овоон дээр) n. гэмт хэрэгтэн, зөрчил гаргагч, хэрэг таригч

The number of traffic offenders has increased over the past three years.

Related: lawbreaker, culprit, contravener, malefactor, infringer, angerer,

destroyer, bucker, bumper, buster, juvenile delinquent

6. barrister—(барс тэр) n. өмгөөлөгч, хуульч

Henry Sky QC’s services as a barrister have been in demand ever since he won the
“Babies in Wheelie Bins” case.

Related: advocate, attorney

7. parole—(пороол)/дохио зангаа/ n. хоригдлыг батлан даалтанд гаргах,

хоригдлыг хугацаанаас нь өмнө суллах
Before you can be released on parole, you have to prove that you sincerely regret
having committed your crime.

Related: verbal intercourse, release on bail

8. lenient—(Ленинд) adj. аядуу зөөлөн, уучилсан, өршөөсөн, хөнгөлсөн

I feel that the sentence given to that criminal was too lenient.

Related: gentle, bland, gracious, indulgent, compassionate, easygoing,

charitable, easy, forgiving, lax, soft, mild, humane

9. burglary—(бөглөрий) n. хаалгыг эвдэн орж хулгай хийх

Whoever committed that burglary was not very smart as they didn’t take any of the
famous paintings.

Related: housebreaking, theft, stealing, thievery, steal, filching

10. robbery—(Robber ийн нохой)/кино/ n. хулгай, дээрэм

A local man was arrested on Tuesday for the robbery of Big Jim’s Bakery.

Related: rape, burglary, depredation, looting, pillage, piracy, rob

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11. rapist—(рэпист) n. хүчирхийлэгч, түрэмгийлэгч, хүчиндэгч

The serial rapist Patches O’Toole initially denied molesting Ms.Dugan outside her Tucas
Street home but later confessed.

Related: pillager, plunderer, abuser, despoiler, destroyer, raper, enchanter,

looter, offender

12. hooligan—( хулигаан) n. танхай этгээд, дүрсгүй хүн

Violence committed by soccer hooligans on rival fans once again marred Saturday
night’s game.

Related: street fighter, hoodlum, bully, rogue, bandit, rascal, ruffian, goon,
hood, roughneck, yob, yobbo

13. hijack—(Hi! Jack) n. онгоц булаалт v. онгоц хулгайлах, тээврийн хэрэгсэл булаах
Because of the much higher airport security that exists thesedays, it’s considerably more
difficult to hijack a plane.

Related: hostage taking, take hostage, take prisoner, commit a robbery

14. terrorism—(терроризм) n. алан хядах ажиллагаа

Many people believe that terrorism has become worse after the Iraq War started.

Related: act of terrorism, Reign of Terror, scare tactics

15. terrorist—(террорист) n. айлган сүрдүүлэгч, алан хядагч

One of the government’s top goals is to capture terrorists.

Related: murderer, terrifier, terrorizer, alarmist, butcher, Cain, communist,

garroter, intimidator, Jacobinic, sabreur

16. assassination—(асааснаа наашн) n. алан хядлага, улс төр нийгмийн зүтгэлтний

амь насанд халдах
President Reagan was the target of an assassination attempt. Thankfully the assassin
was unsuccessful.

Related: contract killing, hatchet job, homicide, manslaughter, murder,

blackwash

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17. custody—(кас/хас төдий) n. асрамж, халамж, хамгаалалт, баривчлага,

баривчлалт, хорих
He is being held in custody until the trial starts.

Related: detention on remand, safe keeping, undecided

matchimprisonment, incarceration, maintenance, preservation

18. death sentence—(дээд сэнтийс) n. цаазаар авах ял

Even though he committed a heinous crime, I still don’t believe that he deserves the
death sentence

Related: capital punishment, extreme penalty, punishment of death

19. commit—(комет) v. үйлдэх (муу зүйлийг), гаргах, хийх

I can’t believe that he committed that crime as he was always so friendly to me.

Related: undertake, commend, assign, confide, consign

20. legitimate—(ээлжийн тэмээнд) adj. хууль ёсны, үнэн зөв, зүйтэй, албан ёсны
баталгаатай эцэг эхээс төрсөн (хүүхэд)
The blood test will determine whether or not he is the legitimate father of his
girlfriend’s son.

Related: legal, authentic, lawful, genuine, real, rightful, justified

21. compulsory—(Гомбоо л сор ын) adj. албан журмын, албадлагын, заавал

биелүүлэх
I don’t believe that school attendance before age of six should be compulsory.

Related: required, bounden, obligate, enforced, forced, imposed

22. lawsuit—(лусууд) n. шүүхийн үйл ажиллагаа, шүүхээр хэргийг шийдвэрлэх

We intend to file a lawsuit against a rival company for stealing a software application
our company has been working on.

Related: court case, legal action, legal suit, conduct of a case, judicial
proceeding

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23. plea—(Пеле)/хөл бөмбөгчин/ n. шүүхэд өгсөн өргөдөл, өргөдөл, мэдэгдэл,

тайлбар
The accused man entered a plea of not guilty for the crime of kidnapping.

Related: advocacy, explanation, pleading, adjuration, call, obsecration,

rebutter, imploration

24. acquit—(IQ-д, агуйд) v. цагаатгах, холбогдсон хэргийг хэрэгсэхгүй болгох,

чөлөөлөх, мултлах (үүрэг хариуцлагаас чөлөөлөх)
The criminal was acquitted of all charges laid against him.

Related: be approved, become clear, bring in, carry on, clear up

25. heir—(air) n. өв залгамжлагч, голомт залгамжлагч

The heir claims that he did not receive the full amount of the inheritance.

Related: heiress, heritor, beneficiary, heir apparent, reciever

26. patrol—(Петр ол) v. эргүүл хийх, хамгаалах

I would like feel safer if I knew that there were policemen patrolling our block.

Related: protect, manage, keep safe, digress, examine, administer,

determine

27. homicide—(хумсаа ид) n. хүнийг алах явдал, алуурчин, аллага

The homicide rate in Los Angeles has dropped over the past twenty years, but the
number of non-violent crimes has risen.

Related: bloodshed, manslaughter, murderer, slaughter, elimination,

fratricide, killer

28. morality—(Мориоо л идий) n. ёс суртахуун, ёс журам, сургаал, сургамж

The morality of this country is getting worse and worse. Nowadays young people don’t
know what good morals are.

Related: morals, ethics, goodness, honesty, virtue, decency, integrity,

righteousness, chastity

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29. submission—(сав мишээнэ) n. танилцуулга , бичиг баримт танилцуулах.

Lawyers made their final submissions for the case that has brought much media
attention.

Related: agreement of conflicting parties to abide by an arbitrator's

decision (Law)

30. plausible—(балай сэвбэл) adj. үнэмшилтэй, байж болмоор, үнэмшилтэй, итгэл

төрүүлэм
The defendant’s explanation of the incident seems quite plausible.

Related: believable, credible, convincing, likely, specious, acceptable,

feasible

31. negligence—(нэг л женс) n. 1. үл тоомсорлолт, хэрэгсэхгүй байх, үл тоох, хайнга

хандалт,2. болгоомжгүй байх, сэрэмжгүй байх
The pilot involved in last year’s crash at Jandakot Airport was drunk at the time and so
was jailed for negligence.

Related: neglect; disregard, carelessness; failure to provide the necessary

provision for (Law)

32. mischief—(мисс жийв/жив) n. гай, аюул, хор хөнөөл, хохирол, гэмтэл, томоогүй
явдал
The defendant was charged with criminal mischief in the third degree.

Related: laches, inattentiveness, laxity, nonchalance, recklessness, evasion,

laxness, fault

33. indulgence—(эндээ л женс) n. өршөөл, хүлцэл, уучлал

There needs to be a crackdown on motorists who continue to drive after a night of
alchohol indulgence.

Related: clemency, mildness, pardon

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34. illicit—(элс ид) adj. хууль бус, хориотой, цээртэй

The illicit acts that he performed while he was president didn’t become public until after
he had died.

Related: illegal, unlawful, illegitimate, lawless, outlaw, prohibited, barred,

banned

35. notorious—(notorious BIG дуучин) adj. нэрд гарсан, хүн болгон мэдэх, цуутай,
засаршгүй, зартай, муу нэртэй
To the relief of the public, it was announced late last night that the notorious rapist had
finally been captured and placed under arrest.

Related: famous, notable, well-known, public, infamous, illustrious,

disreputable, egregious, flagrant, prominent, errant

36. misdeed—(мэсдээд) n. гэмт хэрэг, осол эндэл, алдаа

I would not take this misdeed any further if you apologized to her and covered all of her
medical expenses.

Related: delinquency, misconduct, crime, fault, misdemeanor, offense,

misdoing, blame, bad act

37. decree—(degree) n. зарлиг, тогтоол, v. тогтоол гаргах, тунхаг гарах, шүүхийн

шийдвэр
The judge decreed that the murderer had to serve a sentence of forty years before
being eligible for parole.

Related: n. command, order, act, edict, rule, decision, judgment, v.

adjudge decide, enact, ordain, determine, declare, pronounce

38. bobby—(Boby)/нэр/ n. цагдаа

London bobbies don’t carry guns.

Related: constable, cop, copper, officer, patrolman ,policeman (British

Slang)

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39. ensue—(энэ сүү) v. дагалдах, үр дүн нь болох, тохиолдох, урган гарах, гарч
ирэх
Death may ensue rapidly if the condition is left untreated.

Related: follow, arise, come, happen, occur, succeed, transpire, lead, leave

40. narrow—(нар оров) v. багасгах, давчуу болгох, нарийсгах, хязгаарлах, шахах

n.давчуу, нарийхан, хязгаарлагдмал, шахагдсан, хавчигдсан
By 2002, we'd got the footings in place for creating more successful towns and cities and
narrowing the economic divide between regions.

Related: v. reduce ,modify, shrivel, qualify, vary, restrain n. close, limited,

insular, little, bare, cramped, hard, illiberal, strict

PEOPLE-CHARACTER-EMOTION
1. household—(хаус холд, хос холд) n. айл гэр, гэр бүл, adj. гэр ахуй, гэрийн
If a woman’s social lofe is limited to the household, she’ll go crazy.

Related: Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family

2. distraction—(this track шинэ) n. самуурал, цөхрөл, зугаа цэнгэл, замбараагүй

явдал
TV is often seen as a distraction to young children who could alternatively be doing
more productive activities.

Related: diversion, amusement, disorder, desperation, beguilement,

confusion, disturbance, entertainment

3. anxiety—(анх заадын) n. түгшүүр, айдас, санаа сэтгэлийн зовлон, зовнил,

сэтгэлийн тайван бус байдал
Soon-to-be parents are often overwhelmed by anxieties when preparing for the birth of
their first child.

Related: disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish, anxiousness, concern,

uneasiness, pain

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4. praise—(бирээс) n. магтаал, сайшаал, ерөөл v. магтах, сайшаах, ерөөх

He never hesitates to give me praise for my cooking.

Related: compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, speak well of,

deep sigh, approve of

5. abuse—(авъяас) v. зүй бусаар харьцах, хүчирхийлэх(бага насны хүүхдийг),

элдвээр хараах, хэтрүүлэх
As a child he suffered verbal abuse from both his mother and his grandmother.

Related: infringement of rights of another, mistreat, injure, maltreat, hurt,

vilify, violate, debase, demoralise, deprave, misdirect, shout

6. brat—(Brad Pitt)/жүжигчин/ n. хүмүүжилгүй хүүхэд

My little sister is such a brat! I can’t stand her!

Related: little one, enfant terrible

7. tenant—(тэнинд) n. хөлслөгч, суугч, түрээсээр авагч v. түрээслэх, хөлслөх

The tenants of the property next to us are very loud. Not only I but also the landlord
wants them evicted.

Related: inhabitant, lessee, lodger, occupant, holder, leaseholder, occupier,

renter, inhabit, occupy, engage

8. hang out—(хайнга аавд) v. байнга нэг газар байх, тогтмол байх

Most of the time when Tom goes over to his friends’ house to hang out, they end up
playing video games.

Related: spend time in a certain location or with certain people

9. middle-aged—(мэдэл ээжид) adj. дунд хирийн насны, хижээл

When I am middle-aged, I hope to have a stable family life and career.

Related: immature, between young and old

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10. pension—(пин/pen шин) n. тэтгэвэр, тэтгэлэг, тэтгэмж

Teacher’s salaries may not be very high, but after they retire, the pension they receive is
more than enough to live on.

Related: allowance, annuity, payment, endowment

11. cuddle—(хад л) v. тэврэх, чанга тэврэх, тэврэлдэх

Research indicates that a mother’s affection is important for a young child’s
development. Therefore, you cuddle your child often.

Related: hug, nuzzle, fondle, snuggle

12. companion—(компанийн) n. найз нөхөр, дагуул, түнш, хамтран зүтгэгч,

харилцан ярилцагч
Hillary doesn’t want to get married but she says that it would be nice to have a
companion once in a while.

Related: accompanying person, comrade, colleague, consort, buddy, mate,

peer, chum, company, partner, counterpart, brother, acquaintance, friend,
pal, playmate

13. intimacy—(энд Messi)/хөл бөмбөгчин/ n. дотно харицаа

It is hard for her to have intimacy with men because she has been hurt and abused too
many times.

Related: befriend, acquaint, familiarize

14. innocence—(энэ ноосоос) n. гэнэн зан, цайлган санаа, хүүхдээрээ

Her childlike innocence made it very hard for anyone to say anything even remotely
harsh to her.

Related: ingenuousness, cleanness, blamelessness, chastity

15. tragedy—(тарааж идий) n. гай зовлон, эмгэнэлт явдал

The father’s car accident was a tragedy for L’s family, after which they were unable to
sustain any resemblance of a normal lifestyle.

Related: bad luck, inevitable accident, catastrophe, calamity, disaster,

misfortune, cataclysm, drama.

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16. remedy—(ирмээдий) n. арга дом, эм, арга хэрэгсэл, арга хэмжээ

The only remedy for a cold is lots of hot liquids and plenty of rest.

Related: cure, repair, redress, medicine, drug, relief, aid, medication,

physic, remediation, salve, therapy, treatment

17. solitary—(солий тары) n. цорын ганц, ганц бие, ганц, ганцаараа, ганцаардмал,
хосгүй
It was hard for her to get used to being married because before that she had led a solitary
lifestyle.

Related: lonesome, forlorn, alone, lone, lonely, single, sole,

unaccompanied, isolated, friendless

18. folks—(фокус) n. садан төрөл, ах дүүс

I’m kind of scared to take my boyfriend home to see my folks.

Related: families, your parents

19. porch—(Боорчи) n. байшингийн асар, сэрүүн тавцан, жигүүрийн асар, үүдний

пин
Children like to sit on the porch and watch the world go by.

Related: portico, lobby, hall, veranda, vestibule, balcony, deck, entrance

hall

20. guardian—(гарт нь) n. асран хамгаалагч, асрагч, харгалзагч, тэжээгч, харуул

You must consider carefully whether you are able to be the guardian of our child
because it is a big responsibility. It means that if we, his parents, pass away, you will be
responsible for raising him.

Related: custodian, guard, defender, protector, curator, warden,

conservator, bodyguard, keeper

21. bungalow—(банк олов) n. зуслангийн байр, , зуслангийн зуны байшин

There are no tall buildings in that neigbourhood. Instead it is filled with small bungalows
that were built fifty years ago.

Related: cottage, hut, small house, boarding house

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22. kinship—(гиншив) n. цусан төрөл, адилхан байдал, төсөөтэй байдал

If it were not for the bond of kinship, I would never return to my hometown.

Related: consanguinity, affinity, connection, kin, relation, relationship,

brotherhood

23. cohabit—(гох хавьд) v. хамт амьдрах, цуг амьдрах

In many countries after couple s have cohabited for a certain number of years, they are
considered married.

Related: cottage, hut, small house, boarding house

24. filial—(Пеле л)/хөл бөмбөгчин/ adj. хүүгийн, охины.

Filial piety is the idea that parents deserve the respect of their children and that children
should do everything that their parents say.

Related: live together as husband and wife; live together in the same
house

25. impatient—(ийм байшинд) adj. тэвчээргүй, тэсвэр муутай, болчимгүй

Learning to write Mongolian characters requires a lot of patience; it is definitely not for
impatient people!

Related: eager, hasty, anxious, petulant, fidgety, intolerant

26. resent—(ирзэнд) v. дургүйцэх, гомдох

Sue resents the way you treated her yesterday. You should apologize to her.

Related: begrudge, be displeased or bitter

27. touchy—(тоо чи) adj. гомдомтгой, ууртай, түргэн ууртай, цухалдуу

She is very touchy, so don’t say anything too harsh.

Related: irritable, peevish, sensitive, huffy, irascible, excitable

28. beloved—(Би love-д) n. хайрт, дурласан залуу, бүсгүй
His obsession with his beloved car was often the underlying cause of the arguments with
his girlfriend.

Related: dear, darling, precious, love, honey, sweetheart

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29. stunning—(ёстой нэг) adj. гайхалтай, гайхамшигтай, цочирдуулан гайхуулсан

You don’t have to be stunning to be a movie star.

Related: amazing, astonishing, gorgeous, astounding, beautiful, shocking,

startling, awesome, tremendous, glorious, numbing

30. cosy—(хүсий) adj. тохитой, тавтай

Exactly how cosy he was with some of his clients was often the topic of conversation
among his colleagues.

Related: companionable, comfortable, convenient, sociable

31. hurtful—( хардвал, хард фүлл.ком) adj. хортой, хөнөөлтэй, муу нөлөөтэй,
сэтгэлийг өвтгөсөн
The way that you treated me this morning was very hurtful to my feelings.

Related: injurious, harmful; distressing, grievous

32. lonesome—(олон сам) adj. 1. ганцаардсан, уйтгарласан 2. хаягдсан, орхигдсон,

гуниг төрүүлсэн
One of the problems about living in another country is that it is very easy to feel
lonesome.

Related: lonely, solitary; depressing, causing a feeling of loneliness;

remote, desolate

33. awesome—(аав сам) adj. сэтгэл хөдөлгөсөн, догдлуулсан, аймаар, айдас

төрүүлсэн
The way he handled the situation was rather admirable; in fact, it was nothing short of
awesome.

Related: impressive; frightening; inspiring awe; great, terrific (Slang)

34. panic—(паник) n. үймээн, сандрал, үймсэн, сандарсан v. учраа олохгүй сандрах

Young children tend to panic at the thought of going to the doctor to get their shots done.

Related: be alarmed; make a person feel panic, sense of extreme fright,

caused by unexpected overpowering fear

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35. humble—(хамб л) adj. даруу, хичээнгүй, даруу төлөв, эгэл, жирийн, номхон,
хүлцэнгүй
She is so humble about her great performance.

Related: unpretentious, simple; modest, not prideful

36. flatter—(флат тэр) v. долигонох, бялдуучлах, зусардах, хэт магтах, тал засах
If you flatter Ted too much, his ego will get bigger.

Related: praise, compliment

37. tension—(тени шинэ) n. сөргөлдөөн, хүйтэн харилцаа, түгшүүртэй байдал

I hope the fact I am dating your ex-boyfriend doesn’t cause any tension between us.

Related: tautness, strain, nervousness, agitation, apprehension, excitement

38. extrovert—(Эктроверт) n. хөгжилтэй нийтэч хүн

I think that most of the time I am an extrovert, but sometimes I can feel pretty
introverted.

Related: one who is open and uninhibited

39. moral—(муур л, морь л) n. ёс журам, ёс суртахуун, зан заншил, зан суртахууны

төлөв
Moral conduct is important in many professions including journalism, medicine and law.

Related: ethic; moralistic lesson; lesson; moralistic principle

40. adorable—(одоороо бол) adj. сэтгэл татам, дур булаамаар, гайхалтай

Her baby daughter is so adorable.

Related: lovable, lovely, attractive, delightful, endearing, glamorous,

pleasing, delicious, wonderful, charming, cute, fetching, gorgeous, admirable

41. affectionate—(Ф-ийг шанаад) adj. хайртай, энхрий

I feel that you are not affectionate enough. If you showed me more affection, our
marriage would be much happier.
Related: fond, warm, loving, dear, ardent, cordial, devoted, mild, tender,
adoring, cranky, hot, lovesome

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42. soothing—(суутын) n. тайтгаруулсан, аргадсан, тайвшруулсан, намдаасан

My favorite way to relax after a long day at work is to take a nice, long, soothing bath.

Related: comforting, mitigating, mollifying, soft, smooth, quiet, restful,

bland, calm

43. endearing—(энэ дээр нь) adj. хайртай, аятайхан, сэтгэл булаасан

The way that he talks about his girlfriend is very endearing. It’s as if she’s everything in
the world to him.

Related: adorable, lovely

44. glorious—(голоор ус) adj. тансаг, эрхэм сайхан, гайхамшигтай, дур булаамаар,
алдартай, цуутай
The feeling of euphoria that he felt after the victory was absolutely glorious.

Related: famous, distinguished, splendid, beautiful, bright, brilliant,

illustrious, eminent, grand, magnificent, great, super, marvelous, superb,
delightful, gorgeous, cool, fantastic, glittering

45. fetching—(Бээжин) adj. хөөрхөн, дур булаасан, хөөрхөн дур булаасан

She looks so fetching when she wears that dress.

Related: charming, fascinating, lovable, blinding, convoying

46. provident—(бороо бидэнд) adj. хашир, урьдаас мэдсэн, хямгатай, нарийн

The provident housewife has a pantry stocked with canned goods in case of an
emergency.

Related: circumspect, frugal, prudent, careful, cautious, economical,

farsighted

47. volition—(болий шинэ) n. хүсэл

Are you saying this of your own volition or is your mother pressuring you to make this
statement?

Related: choice, option, testament

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48. solitude—(солиутууд, солиотууд) n. ганцаардал, зожигрол, ганцаардмал байдал,

тусгаарлагдмал байдал, хүнгүй зэлүүд газар
There was an enormous yearning in me to go into solitude in order to develop my will.

Related: desolation, loneliness, privacy, seclusion, aloneness, isolation,

retirement, lonesomeness

49. garrulous—(гар үрүүлээс, гарлаас) adj. чалчаа, чалчимтгай, ам задгай, яриа,

үгэнд дуртай, олон үгтэй
A sandy ascent for the feet of the aged - such is a garrulous wife for a quiet husband.

Related: loquacious, talkative, chatty, wordy, expansive, newsy

50. jealous—(жилээс) adj. жөтөөрхүү, жөтөөтэй, хартай, атаач, жөтөөч

She was surprised to find herself feeling a little bit jealous.

Related: envious, covetous, distrustful, suspicious, avaricious

51. melancholic—(мэлэнхойлог) adj. уйтгартай, гунигтай, дүйнгэ

That makes the film rather melancholy, although it's basically a romantic story.

Related: gloomy, atrabilious, dejected, forlorn, mournful, despondent,

joyless

52. squint—(секунд) n. хялар нүд, солир нүд, хяламхийн харах, солир, долир,
хялайх
His squinted eyes forced liquid pain across his cheeks.

Related: skelly, glimpse, inclination, cringe, flinch, shrink, wince

OTHER ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

1. alongside—(олонх сайд, сайт) adv. дэргэд, хажууд, зэргэлдээ, ойролцоо

After my coworkers came alongside me with this plan, everything went much more
smoothly.

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Related: beside

2. reckless—(эрэг элс) adj. томоогүй, гэнэн, яаруу сандруу, санаа зовох юмгүй,
ухаангүй, бодлогогүй
Driving after drinking is a reckless behavior.

Related: heedless, careless, foolhardy, rash, thoughtless, hasty

3. prolong—(порлон, бороо олоон) v. сунгах, уртасгах, үргэлжлүүлэх, хойшлуулах

The more the construction of the building is prolonged, the more money we are going
to lose on our investment.

Related: protract, continue, extend, expand, lengthen, maintain

4. abide—(ээ баяд) v. сахих, хүлээх, эвлэрэх, амьдрах, тэвчих, дагах, мөрдөх, үнэнч
байх
If citizens don’t abide by the rules of society, they will be arrested by the police.

Related: endure, stand, bide, bear, dwell, inhabit, live, remain, reside, stay

5. initial—(инээчээл) adj. анхны, анхны эхний, нэрийн эхний үсэг, эхний

My initial response to his comment was to laugh but then I realized that he was being
serious.

Related: initiatory, elementary, introductory, primary, incipient, original,

foremost

6. contagious—(хоньтой жүүс) adj. халдварт, халдвартай, амархан халдварладаг,

бусдад нөлөөлдөг
Her laughter is contagious. As soon as she starts laughing, everybody else does too.

Related: infectious, communicable, pestiferous, transmissible

7. numerous—(ноймороос, намраас) adj. олон тооны, тоогүй олон, их олон

There are numerous places to study English in Taipie but not many of them provide
quality education.

Related: common, numberless, vast, countless, incalculable

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8. intrigue—(энэ тэрийг) v. сонирхох, далдуур хорлох, сонирхуулах n. нууц явуулга,

далд хөнөөл
If it were not for the sense of intrigue that I felt in this subject, I would have dropped
the class.

Related: interest, cabal, conspiracy, trick, contrivance

9. lavish—(лай биш) n. өглөгч, өгөөмөр байх v. өгөөмөр зан гарган тараах

The parents lavished so much praise on their children when they were young that they
ended up spoiled.

Related: dissipate, consume, spend

10. fearsome—(бийр сам) adj. аймаар, зэвүүн, муухай, аймаар зэвүүн муухай
The chancellor remains a driven man with a fearsome capacity for work.

Related: frightful, awful, dreadful, fearful, frightening, terrible

11. vigorous—(вигороос) adj. хүчтэй, тэнхээтэй, хүч тэнхээтэй, идэвхтэй

As well as dieting, vigorous exercise is another way to help you lose weight.

Related: robust, strong, powerful, energetic, lively, strenuous

12. alter—(айл тэр, уул тэр) v. хувирах, хувисах, өөрчлөгдөх, өөрчлөх, хувиргах
The hurricane altered our plans to go to the beach for a picnic.

Related: adapt, move, adjust, affect, convert, transform

13. drastically—(дарс тэглий, дэглий) adv. шийдвэртэйгээр, огцом, эрс, үндсэнд нь

The percentage of people who supported the Labour candidate fell drastically after the
debate with his opponent.

Related: radically, hardly, sharply, violently, extremely, suddenly,

desperately

14. ethnic—(эднийг) adj. үндэстэн ястны, үндэстний

My favorite kind of ethnic food is Mexican.

Related: of different racial and social groups; of people from different

countries
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15. exuberant—(их сүү брэнд) adj. элбэг дэлбэг, хангалуун, өтгөн, саглагар, эрүүл
саруул
Her attitude towards every situation is always exuberant. I don’t know how she
manages to have that much energy.

Related: lively, animated; abundant, plentiful

16. habitually—(хавьчууллий) adv. заншил ёсоор, зуршлын дагуу, заншсанаар

He smokes habitually. He lights up on the hour.

Related: usually, regularly, customarily, in a habitual manner

17. reinforce—(эрээнбарс) v. батлах, бэхлэх, батжуулах

The fact that English is becoming a more common language reinforces my argument
that the world is increasingly becoming more connected.

Related: bolster, intensify, enhance, consolidate, fortify, enforce, harden,

recruit, strengthen

18. forthcoming—(форд гоймон) v. ирэх, удахгүй болох, ойртож буй, дөхөж байгаа
Peace between Palestinians and Israelis will be easier to attain if both sides are
forthcoming about their needs, intentions and goals.

Related: preparing, come, designate

19. endanger—(энэ дэнжээр) v. аюул учруулах, аюул заналхийлэх, аюулд оруулах

Do not endanger children by placing them within reach of poisonous chemicals.

Related: imperil, break, debunk, declare, disclose

20. turbulent—(тэр/төр буланд) adj. догшин, ширүүн, агсам

Due to the turbulent social and political climate in South Africa, hospitals in the poorer
townships are being flooded with victims of violence.

Related: tempestuous, tumultuous, rough, stormy, furious, boisterous,

disorderly

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21. envisage—(энэ виз ээж) n. 1. урьдчилан тооцоолох, төлөвлөх 2. тулгарах, нүүр

тулах
Due to the increased incidence of serious flu this year, it’s envisaged that free flu shots
will be provided to the general public next year.

Related: envision, expect, fantasize, foretell, predict, consider, watch

22. coating—(кодын, хотын) n. хувцасны материал, гадар будаг, пальтооны даавуу,

давхарга (будгийн), бүрээс
The coating on these pills tastes good so that parents won’t have trouble administering
them to their children.

Related: coat, jacketing, layering, painting, skin, glazing, application,

shelling

23. insulate—(үнсүүлээд) v. салгах, хөндийрүүлэх, тусгаарлах, ялгах салгах

Households which insulate their homes will receive a government rebate.

Related: isolate, segregate, disconnect, dissociate

24. crucial—(хуруу шил) adj. шийдвэрлэх, чухал, гол, хамгийн чухал, хэцүү, бэрх
If you want to recover from heart disease, it is crucial that you undertake a programme
of moderate cardiovascular exercise for two hours every day.

Related: decisive, important, critical, essential, cruciform, fundamental

25. reluctant—(эрлэг танд) adj. дурамжхан, дургүй, хүсэлгүй, эсэргүүцдэг, амар

автдаггүй
Most doctors are reluctant to prescribe sleeping pills unless there is an urgent need for
them as they do not cure the root of the problem.

Related: loath, averse, unwilling, hesitant, indisposed, loth

26. compatible—(компот байвал) adj. эвтэй, нийцтэй, таарамжтай

The great advantage of the O blood type is that it is compatible with most other types in
blood transfusions.

Related: congruous, agreeable, congenial, consistent

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27. keen—(хийн, гийнэ) adj. дуртай, сонирхолтой.

I am very keen on continuing with the plan that we originally made.

Related: sharp; biting, pungent; clever, perceptive, astute; strong, intense

28. fabulous—(вапль ус, ваплиас) adj. 1. үлгэр домгийн, санаанаасаа зохиосон, үлгэр
домгийн, ер бусын 2. дайхан, аятайхан, гайхамшигтай 3. асар их
These herbs are fabulous at assisting weight loss. My sister has lost four kilogrammes in
two weeks.

Related: wonderful, marvelous; unbelievable; legendary, imaginary; from

a legend

29. arise—(ир Ази) v. гарч ирэх, төрөх, бий болох, үүсэх, үзэгдэх, харагдах, гарч
ирэх, тулгарах, үр дүн болон гарах, урган гарах, босох, түгэх, тарах
Health problems can arise as a result of stress combined with inadequate nutrition, both
of which are due to overwork.

Related: appear, ascend, emerge, originate, arisen, develop

30. harmonise—(хайp минь аз) v. зохицох, нийцэх

If human beings can harmonise their lifestyles with nature, their health will improve in
many ways.

Related: agree, harmonize, reconcile, accommodate, allot

31. arouse—(араас) v. сэргээх, сэрээх, сэрэх, сэргэх

Taking a class in investments aroused my interest in business as a whole.

Related: excite, stimulate; prod, urge

32. compulsive—(Гомбоо/Гамбаа л сэв) adj. албадлагын, албан журмын, заавал

биелүүлэх
He has been fighting a compulsive addiction to smoking for two years.

Related: one who is controlled by obsessions, compelling, obsessive

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33. admonish—(эд мөншд) v. 1. сургах, болгоомжлуулах, сэрэмжлүүлэх 2. итгүүлэх

3. сануулах, мэдэгдэх, буруутгах, зэмлэх
The professor admonished the students for being late to class.

Related: advise, warn, chide, remind, expostulate, reprove

34. allocate—(алах гээд) v. зориулах, мөнгө хуваарилах, мөнгө гаргах

The government should allocate more of its health funding to the promotion of exercise
to prevent disease.

Related: allot, divide, apportion, set, assign, bestow, dispense, put

35. toss-up—(тоос ав) n. үл мэдэгдэх байдал v. илгээх, явуулах, шидэх, дэвшүүлэх,

тодруулах
It’s a toss-up between who will be nominated as the new director. It’ll be either Helen
Jones or Richard Keats.

Related: throw up, flipping of a coin to decide a matter, even chance

36. remit—(ирмээд) v. мөнгө тушаах, өршөөх, уучлах, хөнгөлөх /ял шийтгэл/,

буурах
I will remit the payment to you as soon as I receive my paycheque.

Related: relax, defer, forgive, loosen, mitigate, abate, absolve, dispense,

postpone

37. enlightening—(энэ лайтай ийн, энэ лай таныг) adj. гэгээрсэн, сэнхэрсэн
The things he told me about America’s policies in Iraq were very enlightening.
Related: clearing, disciplining, netting, sacking

38. unearth—(өнө эрт) v. малтаж гаргах, илрүүлэх, ухаж гаргах, илчлэх

Newspaper reports often unearth interesting information about famous people for their
articles.

Related: stumble on, bring to light, dig out, root out, root up

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39. downplay—(даавуу нь билээ, даавуун бээлий) v. багасгах, бууруулах, намдаах

The Finance Minister tried to downplay the economic crisis at his press conference.
Related: de-emphasize, make little of

40. clumsy—(гал/хал амсы) adj. болхи, хөдөлж ядсан, удаан(хөдөлгөөн), эв дүй

муутай(яриа), бүдүүлэг
The clumsy manner in which he managed our investment fund caused us tp lose a lot of
money when the economy fell.

Related: awkward, inept, bungling, cumbersome

41. successive—(сагсаас ав) adj. ар араасаа дараалсан, удаа дараалсан

The Governor General has served five successive terms since leaving his post in the
federal government.

Related: consecutive, sequential, serial, following, subsequent

42. dicey—(такси) adj. осолтой, аюултай

Those vegetables look dicey. I wouldn’t eat them.

Related: chancy, risky, dangerous, dodgy, hazardous, perilous

43. feeble—(Библи, people) adj. эмзэг, дорой, сул, буурай, тэнхээ тамиргүй, ядруу
The boss fired the employee because he had given too many feeble excuses for being
late.

Related: weak, frail; intellectually weak, morally weak; faint, lacking

intensity

44. rigid—(ирж ид) adj. ядруу, дорой, үлбэгэр, сул, үр дүнгүй

If you follow allow your back muscles to become too rigid, it can cause serious spinal
problems, so it’s important to stretch them regularly.

Related: harsh, rigorous, severe, stern, stiff, hard, inflexible, strict

45. ambivalent—(Амбий балет, валент) adj. хоёрдмол, хоёр санаатай

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The director only responds to his wife’s advice. To all I others he is abivalent.

Related: allegorical, expressive, anagogical, comparative, figurative,

indirect

46. allusive—(алив сэв) adj. 1. олон иш таталттай, иш татсан зүйлээр дүүрэн 2.

битүү дохиотой, тойруугаар сануулсан
The candidate’s speech at the convention contained many allusive comments about his
opponent’s supposed inability to be a component prime minister.

Related: allegorical, expressive, anagogical, comparative, figurative, indirect

47. assiduous—(Аси жүүс) adj. нягт нямбай, хичээнгүй, оролдлоготой, хүчин

зүтгэлтэй
His assiduous research into the effects of alcohol on the huma body has led to many
lives being saved.

Related: diligent, persistent, hard-working, persevering

48. belittle—(Би литтли) v. үл ойшоох, дорд үзэх, үл тоомсорлох, гутаах, доромж

үзэх, багасгах
The conceited way in which the boss belittles his employees is very disconcerting.

Related: disparage; depreciate; scorn, criticize; belittle, minimize, deny

the significance of

49. cognitive—(хогний тив) adj. танин мэдэхүйн

The scientist’s research into the cognitive capabilities of the human brain led to many
new discoveries that may have medical application in the future.

Related: psychological, rational, reasonable, mental, gnostic

50. conductive—(хундага тив) adj. физ. дамжуулж байгаа, цахилгаан/ дулаан

дамжуулагч/ нэвтрүүлэгч
Steel is used in the body scanner because it is a conductive metal and the electrons can
travel through it rapidly.

Related: able to transmit, able to transfer (heat, electricity, etc.)

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51. elusive—(илүү сэв) adj. 1. үл баригдах, баригдашгүй, бултамтгай, зайлс хийдэг

2. сул (ой тогтоолт), бүдэг бадаг (дурсамж) 3. тогтооход бэрх, цээжлэхэд хэцүү,
ойлгоход бэрх
His incredible work ethnic comes from his belief that the more he works, the closer he
will get to the elusive goal of becoming a company’s CEO.

Related: hard to grasp, difficult to understand; evasive, tending to escape

52. tacit—(тас ид) adj. 1. үгээр илэрхийлээгүй боловч ойлгомжтой, дуугүй, нууцлаг,
битүү 2. бичигдээгүй (хууль гэх мэт)
She received his tacit agreement that he would give up gamling from his silence at her
imploring request.

Related: communicated wordlessly, implied without being expressed in

words

53. vacuous—(вакус витамин, байхгүй ёс) adj. хоосон, учир утгагүй, зорилгогүй,
дэмий, хоосон
The Hollywood actor dismissed the vacuous question put forward by the
reporter at the press conference.

Related: empty, fatuous, inane, mindless, vacant, blank, hollow, asinine,

expressionless

54. fallacious—(балай шүүс) adj. эндүү, ташаа, алдаа мадагтай, худал хуурмаг
Some companies which advertise their products on television make fallacious claims
that they can aid in weight reduction without the need to cut calories or exercise.

Related: deceitful, erroneous, deceptive, false, wrong, delusive, inaccurate,

incorrect, misleading

55. abhor—(авахаар) v. жигшээх, жигших зэвүүцэх, үзэн ядах,

I abhor the ray children cat going to I abhor the way children are used for labour
purposes in some developing countries.

Related: hate, detest, dislike

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56. capricious—(гаврын шүүс) adj. маягтай, бааштай, маягтай бааштай

The child’s capricious nature did’t make her a good student school.

Related: freakish, arbitrary, changeable, fanciful, fickle, irregular

57. cloister—(холоос тэр, голоос тэр) n. хийд, санваартны амьдрал

My entire favorite bit of the entire opera is Act II Scene 1, in the cloisters of the
monastery of San Giusto.

Related: abbey, convent, priory, monastery, sequester

NEXT 200 WORDS

1. adorn—(өдөр нь, эдээр нь) v. чимэх, чимэглэх, гоёх

if someone adorns a place, he puts decorations on it.

Related: embellish, garnish, ornament, trim

2. magnificent—(магнай пийшинд) adj. эрхэмсэг, сүр жавхлантай, гайхамшигт

if you say that something or someone is magnificent, you mean that you
think it is extremely good.

Related: extraordinary, glorious, grand, splendid, superb, wonderful

3. deal—(дээл) n. нэг хэсэг, хэсэг хэмжээ, их хэмжээ, яриа. наймаа, арилжаа,

хэлцээ, хэлцэл
I’m in a position to save you a good deal of time.
Related: agreement, arrangement, bargain, contract, understanding

4. throughout—(дөрөө аавд) adv. даяар, бүх талаараа, нийтдээ, турш, туршид, энд
тэндгүй, бүх цагийн хугацааны туршид, бүхэлд нь
The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued throughout 1990.

Related: in every; during; end-to-end

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5. enormous—(энэ ормоос) adj. 1. асар том, агуу их, аварга, хэмжээлшгүй

Something that is enormous is extremely large in size or amount.

Related: big, giant, huge, immense, jumbo, tremendous

6. preference—(бэрээ Франц!) n. 1. эрхэмлэн дээдлэх, давуу тал, илүүд үзэх,

хөнгөлөлт 2. сонголт
Many or these products were bought because customers had a preference for them.

Related: choice, desire, favorite, option, selection

7. imagine—(ийм маажина/ээж нь) v. 1. дүрслэн бодох, төсөөлөх 2. Таамаглах

You should imagine your future positively.

Related: create a mental image which does not literally exist, fantasize,
visualize; think, suppose, assume; guess

8. brutal—(буруу тал) adj. 1. харгис, хэрцгий, зэрлэг 2. адгуус шиг, бүдүүлэг,

увайгүй
He was the victim of a very brutal murder.

Related: vicious, savage, cruel, fierce, harsh, inhuman, ruthless,

unmerciful, unforgiving

9. struggle—(S тараг л) n. 1. тэмцэл 2. хүч чармайлт

They had to struggle against all kinds of adversity.

Related: attempt, endeavor, offer, seek, strive, undertake

10. favorable—(Баавар байвал) adj. зөвшөөрсөн, зохистой

His ability to talk while eating fast made a favorable impression on his dining
companions.

Related: agreeable, good, grateful, gratifying, nice, pleasing, pleasurable,

welcome

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11. accuse—(агуу ус) v. 1. буруушаах, буруутгах 2. ял тулгах 3. өө сэв эрэх, гоочлох

if you accuse someone of doing something wrong or dishonest, you say or tell
them that you believe that they did.

Related: arraign, charge, criminalize, impeach, incriminate, inculpate,

indict

12. approve—(авирав) v. дэмжих, сайшаах, зөв гэж үзэх, зөвтгөх, нааштай хандах
Not everyone approved of the festival.

Related: accept favor, go for, accredit, certify, endorse, OK (or okay),

sanction

13. upset—(аав сэд) v. 1. хөмрөх, хөмрүүлэх, сэтгэлийн тэнцвэрийг алдагдуулах,

сэтгэлийг зовоох, эрүүл мэндээ муутгах, хямруулах
The whole incident had upset me and my fiancée terribly.

Related: agitate, bother, discombobulate, disquiet, disturb, flurry, fluster,

perturb, unhinge

14. incident—(энэ CD-нд) n. тохиолдол, хэрэг явдал, будлиан, үйл явдал

These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between two nations.

Related: occurrence, circumstance, episode, event, happening, occasion,

things

15. allegation—(алийгаа шинэ) n. 1. баталгаа, нотолгоо 2. зөвтгөсөн үг, шалтгаан,

шалтаг, тайлбар
The company denied the allegation.
Related: charge; statement; declaration; unfounded accusation

16. election—(элэг шинэ) n. сонгогчид, сонгуулийн тойрог, сонгууль

The final election results will be announced on Friday.

Related: choosing; voting for a political candidate

17. legal—( лиг л) adj. 1. хуулийн, эрхзүйн 2. хууль ёсны,

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He vowed to take legal action. I sought legal advice on this.

Related: lawful, innocent, legitimate, licit

18. threat—(тариад/тэр өөд) n. 1. занал, сүрдүүлэлт, хий сүрдүүлэх 2. аюулт байдал

Some couples see single women as a threat to their relationships.

Related: danger, menace, liability

19. secure—(эсгүүр) v. 1. аюулгүй байдлыг хангах, хамгаалах, баталгаажуулах,

даатгах
Federal leaders continued their efforts to secure a ceasefire.

Related: cover, fend, guard, protect, safeguard, screen, shield

20. obtain—(автана, өвдөнө) v. 1. олж авах,авах, хүлээн авах, амжилтад хүрэх,

хүрэх, олох
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.

Related: acquire, annex, chalk up, gain, have, pick up, procure, secure, win

21. vague—(В-ээг) n. тодорхой бус байдал

A lot of talk was apparently vague and general.

Related: ambiguous, equivocal, opaque, uncertain, unclear, inexplicit,

unintelligible

22. upcoming—(ав com-ийг/хөөмийг) adj. одоо болох.

We’ll face a tough fight in the upcoming election.
Related: approaching, coming, nearing, oncoming, forthcoming

23. vintage—(бин тайж) adj эртний, сонгодог, хуучирсан, моодноос гарсан

Are you interested in vintage automobiles?

Related: old fashioned, antiquated, antique

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24. fascinate—(бас гэнэт) v. 1. гайхуулах, бишрүүлэх, гайхалд оруулах, сонирхол

төрүүлэх 2. нөлөөлөх, ховсдох
Politics fascinated Franklin’s father.

Related: grip, hold, mesmerize, spellbind, enthrall

25. along with—(олонг бид) хамт

He was facing eviction, along with his wife and family.

Related: together with

26. vacate—(пакейт) v. чөлөөлөх, суллах, хаях, өөрчлөх, явах

He vacated the apartment and went to stay with an uncle.
Related: abandon, give up, part (with or from), relinquish, leave, quit
2

27. intense—(энэ дээнс) adj. хүчтэй, гүн гүнзгий, үлэмж их, асар их
Suddenly, the room filled with intense light.

Related: concentrated, desperate, exquisite, fierce, furious, terrible,

vehement, vicious, and violent

28. proposal—(бөөр бөөс л) n. санал, төсөл, төлөвлөгөө

A proposal outlining how the new voting district would be drawn up was submitted to
the City Council.

Related: invitation, proffer, proposition, suggestion

29. applause—(apple-аас) n. алга ташилт, дэмжилт, бишрэлт

They greeted him with thunderous applause.

Related: cheers, hand, ovation, round, cheering, clapping, rooting

30. vital—(би тал) adj. 1. амьдралын, амин чухал 2. амьдралд чухал хэрэгтэй
The port is vital to supply relief to millions of droughts victims.

Related: essential, cardinal, constitutive, fundamental

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31. mediate—(мэдээд) v. 1. зуучлах, зуучлах замаар зохицуулах. 2. дамжуулах,

холбож өгөх.
United Nations officials have mediated a serious of peace meetings between the two
sides.
Related: interpose, intercede, interfere, intermediate, intervene, step in

32. settle—(сэтлэ) v. шийдэх, шийдвэрлэх, шийдвэр гаргах, солилцоо хийх,

тохиролцоонд хүрэх
They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.

Related: calm, allay, becalm, compose, lull, quiet, quieted, soothe, still,
tranquilize

33. relapse—(ирлээ бас) v. 1. дахин ямар нэг байдалд орох, үнэ унах
In 90 percent of cases, the patient will relapse within six months.

Related: lapse, backslide, recidivate

34. bruise—(буруу ус/бүрүүс)/мод/ n. 1. гэмтэл, шарх, хөхрөлт, цус хуралт 2. хонхор,

хонхорхой 3. үрчийлт, хорчийлт
How did you get that bruise on your cheek?

Related: boo-boo, abrasion, scrape, scratch

35. specify—(ис баси ба) v. 1. тодорхой заах, тодорхой тогтоох, нөхцөл дуулах,
тайлбарлах, тодорхойлох, тогтоох, нөхцөлдүүлэх 2. тусгайлан заах, дурдах,
нэрлэх
He has not specified what action he would like them to take.
Related: cite, instance, name

36. estate—(үсдээд) n. 1. эдлэн газар, өмч хөрөнгө, өв хөрөнгө, эзэмшил 2. талбай,

газар
Mrs. Green’s specified that her estate be auctioned off for her charity.

Related: acres, land, manor

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37. grind—(гаранд) n. 1. тээрэмдэх, нүдэх, талхлах 2. хүнд, нэг янзын залхуутай

ажил
Store the peppercorns in an airtight container and grind the pepper as you need it.

Related: drudge, grub, muck, plod, slave, slog, toil

38. encroach—(энэ хөрөө ч) v. 1. хүчээр нэвтрэх, дайран орох, эзлэх, бусдын эрхэнд
халдах, дайрч орох 2. зөрчих 3. хязгаар давах
Any attempt to encroach upon presidential prerogatives in this domain was quickly and
firmly resisted.

Related: trespass, entrench, infringe, invade

39. domain—(дуу минь) n. 1. эзэмшил газар, эзэмшилд байгаа нутаг дэвсгэр 2. муж,
хүрээ, үйл ажиллагааны хүрээ, хэсэг, салбар
This information should be in the public domain.

Related: field, dominion, province, sphere, terrain, territory, walk

40. deliberate—(дэлбэрээд/дээлээ бариад) adj. 1. урьдаастооцоолсон, санаатай,

албаар хийсэн 2. төлөвлөсөн, нягт нямбай төлөвлөсөн, урьдчилан цэгнэсэн
Witnesses say the firing was deliberate and sustained.
Related: planned, projected, schemed, calculated, careful, meticulous,
scrupulous, foresighted, forethoughtful, provident, prudent

41. sip—(сэв) v. 1. сорох, шимэх, бага багаар уух, балгах 2. амсах

He sipped at the glass and then put it down.

Related: drink, imbibe, quaff, sup (off or up), swallow, toss

42. ladder—(алаад ир, элээд ир) n. шат, эвхдэг шат, урхи, гогцоо
He is doing some work on a ladder.

Related: structure used for climbing which consists of two parallel bars
connected by a series of rungs

43. put out—(бут ав) v. 1. сунгах, цухуйлгах 2. гаргах 3. унтраах 4. зарах, үрэх
Fireman tried to free the injured and put out the blaze.

Related: extinguish, douse, out, quench, squelch

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44. row—(өрөв/арав) n. мөр, жагсаал, эгнээ, хэрүүл, чимээ шуугиан

The men are arranging school desks and chairs into neat rows.

Related: line, file, queue, rank, string, tier

45. overpass—(өвөр бас) n. 1. гарц, гүүр 2. замзаагч

The highway ends at the overpass.

Related: bridge; overhead crossing, overhead pass

46. routine—(урт ын) n. 1. тогтсон журам, дэг, тодорхой дэг журам, заншил, ээлжит
ажил, дүрэм 2. үргэлж давтагддаг зүйл
The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.

Related: ordinary, everyday, plain, plain Jane, quotidian, unremarkable,

usual, workaday

47. chore—(жоор/жор) n. 1. өдрөөр ажилладаг ажил 2. гэрээр ажиллах ажил, гэрийн

ажил
My husband and I both go out to work, so we share the household chores.

Related: task, assignment, duty, job

48. editor—(эдээ тэр) n. редактор, хянан засварлагч, эрхлэгч

The Los Angeles Times newspaper will hire a new editor next month.

Related: one who revises, one who reviews and corrects

49. valid—(Бали-д)/арал/ adj. 1. хууль. хүчин төгөлдөр, үйлчилж байгаа, хүчинтэй

(хууль, гэрээ гэх мэт) 2. үндэслэлтэй 3. үр дүнтэй, үр нөлөөтэй
How long is the warranty valid?

Related: cogent, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid, sound, telling

50. invoice—(энэ босс) n. барааны падаан, дагавар хуудас, үнийн нэхэмжлэх,

инвойс, дагалдах бичиг
We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.

Related: bill, account, reckoning, score, statement, tab

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51. budget—(Баажийд)/lumino хамтлагийн дуучин/n. төсөв, орлого зарлага, хөрөнгө,

санхүүгийн тооцоо
This year’s budget for AIDS prevention probably won’t be much higher.

Related: aggregate, amount, bulk, quantity, quantum, total

52. inadequate—(энэ айдаггүй тэ/инээдэггүй тэ) adj. 1. таарахгүй, зохицохгүй 2.

чадваргүй, шаардлага хангахгүй
Supplies of food and medicines are inadequate.

Related: defective, incomplete, insufficient, lacking, incomplete, wanting

53. enough—(энэ аав) n. хангалттай тоо хэмжээ, гүйцэх, хүрэлцээтэй, хангалттай

The Senate bill was centrist enough for Republican Leader Frist and Democratic Leader
Tom Daschle to support it.
Related: adequate amount, sufficient degree

54. ensure—(энэ шүүр) v. хангах, баталгаа гаргах, хариуцах, баталгаа өгөх, даалт
гаргах
Ensure that it is written into your contract.

Related: assure, cinch, insure, secure, make sure

55. figure—(пигүүр) n. цифр, тоо, үнэ

It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country are
unemployed.

Related: chuffer, cipher, digit, integer, numeral, whole number

56. procedure—(бороо сүүдэр) n. журам, ёс, горим, шат, дамжлага.

Police insist that Chia-Chin Yu did not follow the correct procedures in applying for a
visa.
Related: proceeding

57. manage—(манаж, манаач) v. 1. удирдах, эрхлэх, захирах 2. эзэмших, ажиллаж

чадах 3. чадах, балбах, амжуулах
Somehow, he’d managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him.

Related: conduct, carry on, direct, keep, operate, ordain, run

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58. revise—(ирваа ес) v. 1. шалгах, засах, хянах, залруулах, өөрчлөх 2. дахин

боловсруулах
The staff should work together to improve or revise the syllabus or school curriculum.

Related: redraft, redraw, restyle, revamp, rework, rewrite, work over

59. attorney—(ээ! торны) n. бүрэн эрхтэй, итгэмжлэгч, өмгөөлөгч, шүүгч, хуульч

All the company attorneys are in a meeting now. But a contracted lawyer is around.

Related: lawyer, attorney-at-law

60. alien—(allen Iverson/элээ нь) /сагсан бөмбөг тоглогч/ n. гадаадын хүн, харийн хүн,
гадны хүн
During World War II, restrictions were imposed upon many aliens in the US, especially
if they were of Japanese origin.
Related: A person coming from another country

61. amass—(амаас) v. 1. цуглуулах, бөөгнүүлэх, хураах 2. цугларах, бөөгнөрөх

Aubrey Huff had two hits and four RBI's, Marlon Anderson hit a three run homer, and
Travis Lee and Ben Grieve had consecutive homers in a five run fifth for the Devil Rays,
which amassed 18 hits. Every starter had at least one.

Related: to collect for oneself; to gather or pile up especially little by little

62. wanton—(бантан) adj. 1. үндэслэлгүй, утгагүй, шалтгаангүй 2. хувьсамтгай,

тогтворгүй, садар самуун 3. ширүүн, догшин 4. эрх, зөрүүд
There are reports that several hundred innocent civilians have been killed in fighting in
and around Monrovia and of wanton destruction of property and widespread looting.

Related: merciless, inhumane

63. venom—(би ном) n. 1. хор (амьтны гаралтай) 2. уур хилэн

The venom of the rattlesnake is injected through fangs which fold back when the mouth
is closed.

Related: a poisonous fluid produced by an animal and injected by a bite or

sting in order to immobilize prey or defend itself.

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64. upholstered—(Uphol street) adj. 1. бүрсэн, бүрээстэй 2. тансаг 3. гэдэстэй,

гүзээтэй, бүдүүн
A cross between fast-food and restaurant dining, the family restaurant, characterized by
its soft lights, upholstered booths, and food prepared to order, is the fastest growing
phenomenon in the food service industry today.

Related: relating to materials such as fabric, padding, and springs used to

make a soft covering especially of a seat

65. uphold—(аав холд) v. 1. дэмжих, тулах, хадгалах, хамгаалах, нотлох 2. сайшаах,

урамшуулах
The war had overthrown peace-time standards and ideals, and not even President
Woodrow Wilson could uphold them.

Related: to keep from yielding or failing during stress or difficulty

66. underpin—(ан дээр пин) v. 1. суурь тавих, хадгалах 2. бэхжүүлэх, бататгах

Laws forbidding homosexual sex, once universal, now are rare. Those on the books are
rarely enforced but underpin other kinds of discrimination, lawyers for two Texas men
had argued to the court.

Related: support, substantiate

67. trough—(түрүү) n. тэвш, тэжээлийн онгоц, хамгийн доод цэг (үйлдвэрлэл,

үнийн уналт)
A long shallow often v-shaped receptacle for the drinking water or feed of domestic
animals In the 17th century, the Conestoga wagon had a trough attached to its rear end,
so the horses could feed.

Related: long and narrow receptacle (e.g. for holding food and water for
animals)

68. trek—(тэрэг) v. 1. шар хөллөсөн тэргээр явах 2. явах

The students had been missing since Saturday, when they trekked into the woods after
visiting the telescope.

Related: to make one's way arduously

69. traction—(тараг шинэ) n. 1. зүтгүүр 2. холбогдох хүч, үрэлт 3. хотын тээвэр 4.

суналт, тэлэлт
The developing world is slower to catch on, but a movement by astronomers and
geoscientists in South Africa to establish a National Working Group to assess NEO
impact risk and mitigation is gaining traction.

Related: a pulling force exerted on something

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70. tout—(тоть) v. 1. 6apaaraa тулгах 2. хүчээр магтах, сурталчлах 3. уралдааны

морьдын тухай мэдээллийг олж авах 4. тагнах, мөшгих
Jones and Dewey are respectively touted as prominent west coast and east coast psychics.
Related: praise, highly recommend; scout race horses during training and
to gain information that will aid in betting

71. swell—(эсвэл) v. 1. үлээгдэх хийсэх, хөөх хавдах 2. өргөгдөх 3. дээшлэх 4. өсөх

The wind generated swell one sees at a California beach, for example, spawned by a
storm out in the Pacific and rhythmically rolling in, one wave after another, might have a
period of about 10 seconds and a wave length of 150 m.
Related: to make or become greater or larger

72. surrender—(суран дээр) n. 1. бууж өгөх, шилжүүлэг, олголт, өгөх 2. хүлээлгэн

өгөх 3. татгалзах
As the battles continued, many of Sitting Bull's followers surrendered.

Related: to undergo capture, defeat, or ruin

73. summon—() v. 1. дуудах 2. шүүхийн зарлан дуудах хуудас 3. ямар нэг зүйл
хийхийг шаардах
Summoned by von Colloredo to Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed after a series of
arguments.

Related: to demand to appear, come, or assemble

74. submerged—(сав мэрж ид) adj. 1. усан доор байгаа, усанд шумбасан 2.
гуйланчлалд баригдсан
The most distinguished feature of the Atlantic is the mid-ocean ridge, a gigantic
submerged mountain range larger in area than the Alps and the Himalayas combined.

Related: being beneath the surface or the bottom of a liquid

75. rustle—(араас л) v. 1. шаржигнах, шоржигнох 2. амер. яриа. хурдан хөдлөх 3.

хулгайлах, туугаад явах (мал адууг)
The big ears of a bat detect the returning echoes, as well as the sounds of prey, such as
insects rustling in the leaves.
Related: to act or move with energy or speed; to forage food

76. rubble—(Араб л) n. чулуу, том чулуу

During the San Francisco earthquake at the beginning of the 20th century, many

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buildings were reduced to nothing more but a pile of rubble.

Related: broken fragments, especially of a building

77. regulatory—(эргүүл тойрий) adj. зохицуулж журамлаж байгаа

Some alters create new alters as needed. Others perform a system regulatory function;
they determine which alter will be in charge at a given time.

Related: controlling, managing, directing; adjusting to a specific level or

condition

78. redeem—(эрдэм, ирдийм) v. 1. (нэр төр, г. м.) сэргээх, эргүүлэн олж авах. 2.
төлөх, хохиролгүй болгох. 3. гэмших, алдаагаа засах. 4. амласнаа биелүүлэх,
хэлсэндээ хүрэх.
By redeeming this debt early, we continue with our stated policy to further reduce the
company's total debt position.

Related: to free from a lien by payment of an amount secured thereby; to

remove the obligation of by payment

79. reclaiming—(рекламын) n. 1. сэргээн босгох, сэргээх, хэвээр болох, сэлбэн засах,

залруулах, засварлах 2. өрнөлт, өргөх, хагалах, эзэмших
Until we can discover an inexpensive system for reclaiming sea water, we must all
work together to make sure there is fresh clean water for the next generations.

Related: retrieve or recover; bring (waste land or land formerly under

water) under cultivation

80. prone—(бороо нь) adj. 1. түрүүлгээ харсан 2. налуу, хэвийсэн, хэлтгий 3.

авьяастай 4. алгаа доош харуулсан 5. өрөвдмөөр
More areas in the world were prone to drought than those in the past.

Related: having or showing a tendency or likelihood

81. project—(бороо жигд) n. 1. төсөл, төлөвлөгөө, барилга, сэдэв 2. шинэ

байгууламж
The costs of advances in modern medical technology and services have been projected to
be between $1.5 to $2.3 trillion dollars.

Related: a rough or tentative calculation

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82. assert—(асарт) v. 1. батлах, мэдэгдэх, зарлах 2. хууль. гомдол гаргах 3.

хамгаалах, нотлох
King sympathized with the student movement and spoke at the founding meeting of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in April 1960, but he soon became
the target of criticisms from SNCC activists determined to assert their independence.

Related: state, declare; insist on

83. atheist—(а тест, эд эсд) n. атейст, шашингүйн үзэлтэн

Suggesting that there is no concrete proof for the existence of a supreme being, some
people are atheists.

Related: one who denies the existence of a God

84. aviation—(авиа шинэ) n. нисэх хүчин

Due to a deep recession and to recent terrorist attacks involving aircraft, the aviation
industry is on the verge of economic collapse, with many businesses laying off 1/3 of
their workforce.

Related: airplane manufacture, development, and design

85. azure—(зуур) n.хөх номин тэнгэр, тэнгэрийн өнгө, хөх, цэнхэр

The white sand and the azure sky entice many vacationers to Mongolia.

Related: deep blue color

86. belabor—(би албаар) v. 1. шүүмжлэх 2. зэмлэх, сөрөг үнэлгээ өгөх

It is not the point of this discussion to belabor the issues of abortion. Rather, we will
examine why women choose to have one.

Related: to hit heavily and repeatedly

87. bitter—(бид эр) adj. 1. гашуун 2. зовлонтой, шаналгаатай, гашуун 3. хүчтэй,

чанга, огцом 4. хэрцгий догшин, балмад
After the government lent the two companies money and gave them large sections of land
for every mile they built, the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad
became bitter rivals, with each company laying as much track as possible.

Related: bitingly feeling or showing unfriendliness

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88. bombard—(бамбард) v. 1. бөмбөгдөх, бөмбөг хаях 2. асуултаар дарах, булах

The lunar surface is bombarded with water rich objects such as comets, and scientists
have suspected that some of the water in these objects could migrate to permanently dark
areas at the lunar poles, perhaps accumulating to useable quantities.

Related: to direct a concentrated outpouring at something such as missiles,

words, or blows

89. bundle—(баанд л) v. 1. уях, боох, баглах, явахын өмнө юм хумаа боох, бүлэглэх,
эмхлэх 2. үдэх, мордуулах, гаргаж өгөх, салах 3. яаран явах, одох
Gateway bundled a wealth of blank media for these tasks, including six DVD-R and one
DVD-RAM disc, as well as three CD-RW and five CD-R discs.

Related: gather together, bind together; make into a bundle, package

90. callisthenic—(халаас тэнэг) adj. гимнастикийн, уян хатан, аэробикийн

After doing some boxing style punch drills and after flicking your wrists, you can also do
some callisthenic exercises such as sit ups, crunches, and push ups.

Related: fitness exercises

91. canister—(канистр)n. төмөр хайрцаг/ сав.

Mayor Mehmet Ozhaseki said a gas canister had likely exploded in the kitchen, causing
the building's collapse.
Related: an often cylindrical container for holding a usually specified
object or substance

92. canine—(хянана) n. 1. шүд, соёо 2. нохойн төгөл adj. нохойны

From dawn until dusk, there are dozens of things for humans and canines to do
together: sports, games, lectures, contests, and crafts.

Related: n. member of the dog family Canidae adj. like a dog, pertaining to
a dog

93. cavity—() n. 1. хөндий, гүн нүх, хоосон нүх, хоолой 2. чулуулгайн ан цав 3.
камер 4. радио, резонатор
Our larynxes are low in our throats, and our vocal tracts have a sharp right angle bend
that creates two independently modifiable resonant cavities (the mouth and the
pharynx or throat) that defines a large two dimensional range of vowel sounds.

Related: hole, empty space; caries, tooth decay (Pathology)

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94. cemetery—(цементээр) n. оршуулгын газар

Many of the soldiers killed while fighting in Vietnam have been buried in a cemetery in
Washington D.C.

Related: a place for the burial of the dead; a graveyard

95. cherish—(чэрийшд) v. 1. санагалзах, хадгалах 2. ой ухаандаа хадгалах 3.

өндрөөр үнэлэх, хүндэтгэх 4. энхрийлэх, хайрлан өсгөх
Americans cherish the freedom of owning a car.
Related: love; nurture, care for lovingly; treasure

96. grueling—(гурвууланг) adj. ядаргаатай, зүдэргээтэй, хэцүү бэрх

Sophie, then 36, was airlifted to hospital and undertook a grueling two and a half hour
operation to end the potentially life threatening ectopic pregnancy, where the fetus grew
outside her womb.
Related: tiring, draining

97. hibernate—(хавар нет/инээд) v. 1. ичээндээ байх, ичих 2. өвөлжих, халуун оронд

өвлийг өнгөрөөх
Snakes hibernate in the burrows of other small animals, but they are often seen laying in
the sun on rocks, and on the side of roads.

Related: to spend the winter in a state of temporary inactivity

98. hurl—(харл!, хурал) v. 1. хүчтэй шидэх, чулуудах, шидэх 2. хөмрөх, хаях,

унагаах 3. дайрах, довтлох
During 18 days in May 1924, hundreds of steam explosions from Kilauea hurled
mud,debris, and hot rocks weighing as much as 8 tons (7,000 kg) as far as two thirds of a
mile (1 km) from the center of Halema'uma'u the current crater within the larger volcanic
depression (caldera) at Kilauea's summit.

Related: to send through the air with a motion of the hand or arm

99. breakage—(бээрэг ээж) n. осол, гэмтэл, эвдэрч хэмхэрсэн юмс, эвдрэлээс үүдсэн
алдагдал
Homeowners with hillside homes can recognize the beginnings of slope failure through
the following indicators: stairs that have pulled away from the building, widening of
previously patched cracks in driveways, yards creaking and making groaning sounds,
breakage of underground utility lines, or leakage from swimming pools.

Related: an act, instance, or consequence of making something unusable or

inoperative

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1. outcome—(аавд Com) n. үр дүн, үр дагавар.

This outcome is a reflection of strong sense of solidarity within the corporate peasant
community, also apparent in the tendency for almost every man to remain within his
village over his lifetime.

Related: something brought about by a cause, result, effect

2. nourishing—(найрийшд) adj. тэжээлийн, тэжээллэг

You can do nourishing meal for your children rather than the junk food from foodstands.

Related: nutritious; healthy

3. dromedary—(дром дээрээ) n. ганц бөхт тэмээ.

You can see dromedary in Arabian deserts.

Related: single-humped camel (native to Arabia and northern Africa)

4. caper—(гавар/gay бэр) v. 1. үсрэх, харайх, цовхрох 2. сахилгагүйтэх, дүрсгүйтэх

On coming to the edge of a long stretch of forest, he stopped and capered about like a
monkey.

Related: jump about, dance

5. backache—(бакь ах) n. нуруугаар өвдөх, ууц нурууны өвчин

He can’t play basketball due to his backache.

Related: pain in the back

6. absent—(авсанд) adj. 1. байхгүй, эзгүй, 2. дутагдсан, үгүйлэгдсэн, байхгүй

Avalanches are formed by a combination of three things that together are known as the
"Avalanche Triangle." These three ingredients may be present in one location but absent
10 feet away. The three legs of the triangle are snowpack, terrain, and weather.

Related: stay away, withdraw oneself

7. dumb—(Дамба) adj. 1. хэлгүй. 2. тэнэг, дүйнгэ

A sensitive person would not make someone else look dumb.
Related: mute, unable to speak; speechless; stupid, slow

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8. abacus—(авахаас) n. сампин.
I know that people used to abacus in order to solve an arithmetic task some years ago.

Related: frame holding bars strung with beads which are used to make
mathematical calculations

9. hug—(хаг) v. тэврэх, тэвэр

When we are so happy that we are out of words, there is nothing more efficient to express
our happiness than a big hug.

Related: embrace, hold tightly, wrap the arms tightly around (a person or
thing); cling to

10. axiom—(агсам) n. илт үнэн

You don’t need to doubt for him. Because it is really axiom what he said.

Related: premise, basic assumption, truism, recognized truth

11. ban—(банн, баана)

12. caramel—(кармаал)

13. sever—(сэвүүр)

14. backsight—(бакь сайд)

15. belly—(бээлий)

16. bail—(бээл)

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17. perhaps—(beer авахаас)

18. bawl—(баавал)

19. accuital—(аягүйтвэл, агуу тал)

20. errand—(Эрээнд)

21. dungeon—(дан жин)

22. cantankerous—(гандан гэрээс)

23. gabble—(гавла)

24. hinterland—(Хэнтий Ирланд)

25. baulk—(балга)

26. calliper—(калябр)

27. gaga—(гага)

28. delicate—(дэлгээд)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

29. holty-toity—(хоолтой нь тоотой)

30. abdicate—(авдаг гээд)

31. gale—(гели)

32. intuition—(индүүчин)

33. ken—(хэн)

34. kindred—(хандраад/хүндрээд)

35. kipper—(Кипр)

36. orchard—(урчууд)

37. gammon—(гоймон)

38. hobble—(ховол)

39. mourne—(мөөрнө)

40. holiness—(хоолноос)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

41. abrade—(авриад)

42. gala—(гала)

43. donate—(дуу нет)

44. heredity—(Хэрээдүүд)

45. gaval—(гавал)

46. basin—(бассейн)

47. derogatory—(дэргэдүүр)

48. avenge—(авна ч)

49. dodge—(дожи)

50. herbage—(хэр байжээ/харваж)

51. garlic—(гарлага)

52. deer—(дээр)

53. humor—(хамар)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

54. carbuncle—(хар банк л/хар банхар)

55. evolution—(өвөлжинө)

56. aversion—(авиржийн)

57. mosquito—(мөсгүй тэ)

58. erect—(эрэгт)

59. avoid—(аваад)

60. ballad—(баллаад)

61. abreast—(аврийшд)

62. ballot—(бал олоод)

63. garnet—(гарнат/Garnett)/сагсан бөмбөг тоглогч/

64. heterogeneous—(хэтэржийнэ)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

65. hopper—(ховор)

66. demand—(дэм дэмэндээ)

67. hibiscus—(хивс хийс)

68. abstremious—(амсдиймуу)

69. holster—(улс төр)

70. gangland—(гэмт хэрэгтний ертөнц)

71. demoralize—(дэмийрээл)

72. irremediable—(ирмээд байвал)

73. barrack—(Барак Обама)

74. housetops—(хос давс)

75. kiln—(хийлнэ)

76. serendipitous—(сэрээндээ биднуус)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

77. sabotage—(сэвтээж)

78. revitalize—(ирваатвал аз)

79. region—(иржийн)

80. recitation—(ирисээ тийшн)

81. realize—(ирлийз/ирээл аз)

82. postpone—(боосд бөөн)

83. peasant—(pizza-нд)

84. oscillate—(оо сэлээд)

85. obligate—(авлага гээд/өвөл гээд)

86. muzzle—(масс л/масло)

87. mutation—(муу тийшн)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

88. impending—(ийм бандийн)

89. hypoxia—(Hi! Багшаа)

90. tackle—(тагла)

91. fuselagе—(бүсэл ээж)

92. fugitive—(Фижи тив)

93. flippant—(Филиппинд)

94. facilitation—(бас л идээ шинэ)

95. legendary—(илжгэн дээрээ)

96. showcasing—(шоу хайсын)

97. function—(банк шинэ)

98. magnification—(магнай багшийн/манай багш шинэ)

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TOEFL Vocabulary

99. enrich—(энэ эр ч/ энэ rich)

100. envision—(энэ бээжин)

145