International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering http://www.ijarse.
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IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.7, July 2014 ISSN-2319-8354(E)
BEHAVIOUR OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH
CONCRETE EXPOSED TO ELEVATED
TEMPERATURE
A.D.V.S. Siva Kumar 1, K.V.G.D. Balaji2, T. Santhosh kumar3
1
M-tech (SE&NDM), 2Professor, 3Assistant Professor,
Civil Engineering Department, GITAM University, Andhra Pradesh, (India)
ABSTRACT
In case of sudden fire, the concrete elements such as beams, columns etc will be subjected to extreme
temperatures and need for assessment of their performance after fire. Hence, it is important to understand the
change in the concrete strength properties due to extreme temperature exposure. In this study bagasse ash is
used as partial replacement of cement because it is one of the by product which can be used as mineral
admixture due to its high content in silica (SiO2), it is also a waste product produced from Sugar manufacturing
industry. In this study sugarcane Bagasse ash partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%,10%,15% and 25% by
weight of cement in concrete and exposed to different elevated temperature (i.e 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 ) for 1
hour and immediately cooled with water. The result shows that the strength of Concrete specimens increased at
2000C than room temperature for all percentage of replacement of cement with SCBA.
Keywords: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Concrete, Compressive strength, Elevated Temperature.
I INTRODUCTION
Cement, is the most important element of construction industry and a durable construction material. Cement
industry is the second largest Co2 emitting industry behind the power generation. Now a day’s Agricultural and
industrial by-products are used in concrete production as cement replacement materials or as admixtures to
enhance both fresh and hardened properties of concrete as well as to save the environment from the negative
effects caused by their disposal. Approximately 1500 Million tons of sugarcane is annually produced over all the
world which leave about 40-45 % bagasse after juice crushing for sugar industry giving an average annual
production of 675 Million tons of bagasse as a waste material. The feasibility of using sugarcane Bagasse Ash
(SCBA), a finely ground waste product from the sugarcane industry, as partial replacement for cement in
conventional concrete is examined. The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial
processes has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons.
Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is one of the main by product can be used as mineral admixture due to its high
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International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering http://www.ijarse.com
IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.7, July 2014 ISSN-2319-8354(E)
content in silica (SiO2), it acts as mineral admixture. A few studies have been carried out on the ashes obtained
directly from the industries to study pozzolanic activity and their suitability as binders, partially replacing
cement (Mrs.U.R.Kawade et al ., ). In this paper concrete cubes are casted with different percentages of
Sugarcane Bagasse ash replaced with cement by weight (i.e 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%), This cubes are
exposed to different elevated temperatures (200 0, 4000, 6000, 8000), And immediately cooled with water.
Compressive strength of cubes after cooling are observed.
II EFFECT OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON CONCRETE
Because of the spherical shape and small size, admixtures tend to fill the void space between relatively large
cement grains which is otherwise occupied by water. In the water filled capillaries, the admixtures undergo
pozzolanic reaction with Ca(OH), released during cement hydration. As a result, pore refinement occurs as
larger size pores are transformed into smaller size pores. There is also a marked decrease in the volume of pores
and as a consequence of both the physical and pozzolanic effects of these admixtures; properties of concrete in
both fresh and hardened state are affected.
III MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present investigation sugar cane bagasse ash has been used as partial replacement of cement in concrete
mixes. On replacing cement with different weight percentage of SCBA, the compressive strength properties are
studied at various temperatures ( 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 ). Total six series of specimen of size 100 × 100 ×
100mm designed in this investigation consist of one series of specimens of normal strength concrete(i.e 0%-15
cubes) and five series of specimens of SCBA concrete with percentage replacements of cement with SCBA by
5%,10%, 15%,20% and 25% for M40 grade concrete. A total of 90 cubes have been casted, 5% - 15cubes, 10%
- 15cubes, 15% - 15cubes, 20% - 15cubes, 25% - 15cubes. Where 3 cubes from each series are taken test for its
compressive strength at Room Temperatures, and another 3 cubes from each series are taken and exposed to
2000c temperature and this continues for 4000 c, 6000 c, 8000c for 1 hour and immediately cooled by immersing
them in water.
3.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 Grade from a single batch was used for the entire work and care has been taken
to store it in airtight containers to prevent it from being affected by the atmospheric and monsoon moisture and
humidity.
3.2 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
(Srinivasanan and Sathiya,2010) observed that Sugarcane bagasse consists of approximately 50% of cellulose,
25% of hemicelluloses of lignin. Each ton of sugarcane generates approximately 26% of bagasse (at a moisture
content of 50%) and 0.62% of residual ash. The residue after combustion presents a chemical composition
dominates by silicon dioxide (SiO2).The ash is used on the farms as a fertilizer in the sugarcane harvests. In this
project sugarcane bagasse ash was collected from the industry and its physical and chemical properties are given
in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively
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IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.7, July 2014 ISSN-2319-8354(E)
Table- I Table – II
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SCBA
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SCBA
Sl. no Component Symbol %
Sl. no Property Test result
1. Silica SiO2 63.00
1. Density 575 kg/
2. Alumina Al2O3 31.50
2. Specific gravity 2.20 3. Ferric oxide Fe2O3 1.79
3. Particle shape Spherical 4. Manganese oxide MnO 0.004
5. Calcium oxide CaO 0.48
6. Magnesium oxide MgO 0.39
7. Loss of ignition LOI 0.71
3.3 Fine Aggregate
The river sand passing through 4.75 mm sieve and retained on 600 μm sieve, conforming to Zone II as
per IS 383-1970 was used as fine aggregate in the present study. The sand is free from clay, silt and
organic impurities. The aggregate was tested for its physical requirements such as Gradation, Fineness
modulus, and Specific Gravity and Bulk modulus in accordance with IS: 2386-1963.
3.4 Coarse Aggregate
Throughout the investigations, a crushed coarse aggregate of 20 mm procured from the local crushing
plant was used. The aggregate was tested for its physical requirements such as Gradation, Fineness
modulus, Specific Gravity and Bulk density etc. in accordance with IS: 2386-1963 and IS: 383- 1970.
3.5 Water
Fresh portable water with pH value less than 7 free from organic matter and oil which is available in
the college campus is used in mixing the concrete. Water in required quantity was measured by
graduated jar and added to the concrete. The rest of the materials for preparation of the concrete mix
were taken by weigh batching.
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The compressive strength of concrete at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% SCBA replacement and exposed to
various temperatures has been pictorially represented in Graph 1.
The SCBA significantly increased the compressive strength of concrete for 0% to 5% and 5% to 10%
replacement of cement, but there is decrease in compressive strength for concrete after 10% even though
percentage of SCBA increases. Concrete exposed to 2000C had better compressive strength than room
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International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering http://www.ijarse.com
IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.7, July 2014 ISSN-2319-8354(E)
temperature. The improvement of compressive strength is mostly due to the micro filling ability and pozzolanic
activity of SCBA. With a smaller particle size SCBA can fill the micro-voids within the cement particles. There
is a sudden decrease in strength of concrete as they are exposed to 8000c than at 6000c. This sudden decrease of
strength is mainly due to damage that occurs to the CSH gel which is formed due to hydration. The SCBA due
to its pozzolanic activity it’s readily reacts with water and calcium hydroxide, a by-product of cement hydration
and produces additional calcium silicate hydrate or CSH gel. The additional CSH increases the compressive
strength of concrete since it is a major strength-contributing compound. Also, the additional CSH reduces the
porosity of concrete by filling the capillary pores, and thus improves the microstructure of concrete leading to
increased compressive strength. As, there is Increase in percentage of SCBA in concrete, increase of workability
is observed.
Graph – I: Compressive strength of concrete cubes of varying percentage of SCBA exposed to
different Temperature.
V CONCLUSIONS
1. SCBA concrete performed better when compared to ordinary concrete up to 10% replacement of sugar cane
bagasse ash than at 0% replacement.
2. The compressive strength of concrete with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% weight replacement of cement with
SCBA and exposed to different temperature results in a increase of strength at 200 0c than at room temperature,
and gradual decrease of strength till 6000c and sudden decrease of strength at 8000c.
4. Both SCBA and normal concrete showed increase of strength when cubes exposed to 2000c.
5. The Results show that 20% SCBA can be replaced with cement, so that there is no loss of strength and also
economical.
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IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.7, July 2014 ISSN-2319-8354(E)
6. Utilization of the waste material Sugar Cane Bagasse ash can be advantageously used as a replacement of
cement in the preparation of concrete when it is exposed to elevated temperature but till 6000c only.
REFERENCES
[1] Mrs.U.R.Kawade, Mr.V.R.Rathi, Miss Vaishali and D. Girge, Effect of use of Bagasse Ash on Strength of
Concrete, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2,
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[2] R.Srinivasan and K.Sathiya, Experimental Study on Bagasse Ash in Concrete, International Journal for
Service Learning in Engineering Vol. 5, No. 2, Fall 2010 ISSN 1555-9033.
[3] Lavanya M.R, Sugumaran.B and Pradeep.T, An Experimental study on the compressive strength of
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[4] T. shafana and R.venkatasubramani, A study on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with partial
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[5] IS456-2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete- Code of Practice.
[6] IS2386-1963, Methods of test for aggregates for concrete.
[7] IS383-1970, Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Source for Concrete.
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